Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.4081/scienze.2022.812
Fabio Parmeggiani
The periodic table of the chemical elements, published in 1869 by Dmitri Mendeleev, is actually the destination of an exciting journey that lasted over 3000 years, which will be broken down into key steps and briefly discussed herein. To this journey, driven mainly by the innate curiosity of scientists and philosophers to understand the structure and composition of the world around us, the greatest minds of chemistry and natural philosophy, from Empedocles, to Priestley, to Lavoisier, to Davy, have contributed with essential individual pieces that combined into the solution of such a majestic jigsaw puzzle by Mendeleev. Although the periodic table is a milestone of chemistry and one of the greatest triumphs of scientific knowledge, it is continuously evolving and it is still nowadays one of the most useful and versatile tools for the understanding and rationalizing a broad range of chemical and physical phenomena.
{"title":"Apparecchiando la Tavola: l’ordine degli elementi","authors":"Fabio Parmeggiani","doi":"10.4081/scienze.2022.812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/scienze.2022.812","url":null,"abstract":"The periodic table of the chemical elements, published in 1869 by Dmitri Mendeleev, is actually the destination of an exciting journey that lasted over 3000 years, which will be broken down into key steps and briefly discussed herein. To this journey, driven mainly by the innate curiosity of scientists and philosophers to understand the structure and composition of the world around us, the greatest minds of chemistry and natural philosophy, from Empedocles, to Priestley, to Lavoisier, to Davy, have contributed with essential individual pieces that combined into the solution of such a majestic jigsaw puzzle by Mendeleev. Although the periodic table is a milestone of chemistry and one of the greatest triumphs of scientific knowledge, it is continuously evolving and it is still nowadays one of the most useful and versatile tools for the understanding and rationalizing a broad range of chemical and physical phenomena.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88209076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.4081/scienze.2022.827
C. Ghezzi
Digital technologies are producing disruptive changes in human beings and all aspects of human society. They generated a paradigm change, perhaps with even deeper effects than those generated by past scientific revolutions. While they offer unprecedented chances to develop a better future for humankind, they also raise serious concerns about possible unprecedented risks. This article is an attempt to clarify why we are presently at this crucial crossroads and calls for moving along a new perspective where technology is at service of humankind: the perspective a new digital humanism.
{"title":"Verso un nuovo umanesimo digitale","authors":"C. Ghezzi","doi":"10.4081/scienze.2022.827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/scienze.2022.827","url":null,"abstract":"Digital technologies are producing disruptive changes in human beings and all aspects of human society. They generated a paradigm change, perhaps with even deeper effects than those generated by past scientific revolutions. While they offer unprecedented chances to develop a better future for humankind, they also raise serious concerns about possible unprecedented risks. This article is an attempt to clarify why we are presently at this crucial crossroads and calls for moving along a new perspective where technology is at service of humankind: the perspective a new digital humanism.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76940750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.4081/scienze.2022.825
C. Nucci
The contribution discusses the goal of achieving global climate neutrality, focusing on the activities of cities, energy production, and consumption. Europe is committed to supporting a hundred selected cities in reaching climate neutrality by 2030 through the Mission Climate Neutral and Smart Cities. This commitment combines climate neutrality with the concept of smart cities, promoting innovation and setting an example for other cities to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. For the hundred cities, Europe envisions the use of financial tools, regulatory interventions, and a Climate City Contract, along with funds from the national recovery and resilience plans, which are expected to be suitably coordinated. Due to the continued high consumption of fossil fuels, and of their inevitable use in the coming – hopefully few - decades, efforts must be made to improve the efficiency of existing power plants and utilize less polluting fossil fuel sources. The use of renewable sources, particularly solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, becomes increasingly imperative. Gradual electrification of sectors emerges as a key strategy for the energy transition, considering the natural integration of these sources into the power grid. The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier and storage source, as well as ongoing research in nuclear energy, are additional essential elements contributing to the implementation of a diversified energy strategy deemed necessary. The widespread adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) and smart sector integration are also fundamental components of the energy transition. Renewable energy communities of prosumers, promoted by the European directives RED II and IEM of the Clean Energy Package, could potentially generate 20% of the energy consumed in cities by 2030, further emphasizing the importance of the electrical system and smart grids in this context.
{"title":"Città intelligenti e neutralità climatica: verso la transizione energetica","authors":"C. Nucci","doi":"10.4081/scienze.2022.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/scienze.2022.825","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution discusses the goal of achieving global climate neutrality, focusing on the activities of cities, energy production, and consumption. Europe is committed to supporting a hundred selected cities in reaching climate neutrality by 2030 through the Mission Climate Neutral and Smart Cities. This commitment combines climate neutrality with the concept of smart cities, promoting innovation and setting an example for other cities to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. For the hundred cities, Europe envisions the use of financial tools, regulatory interventions, and a Climate City Contract, along with funds from the national recovery and resilience plans, which are expected to be suitably coordinated. Due to the continued high consumption of fossil fuels, and of their inevitable use in the coming – hopefully few - decades, efforts must be made to improve the efficiency of existing power plants and utilize less polluting fossil fuel sources. The use of renewable sources, particularly solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, becomes increasingly imperative. Gradual electrification of sectors emerges as a key strategy for the energy transition, considering the natural integration of these sources into the power grid. The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier and storage source, as well as ongoing research in nuclear energy, are additional essential elements contributing to the implementation of a diversified energy strategy deemed necessary. The widespread adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) and smart sector integration are also fundamental components of the energy transition. Renewable energy communities of prosumers, promoted by the European directives RED II and IEM of the Clean Energy Package, could potentially generate 20% of the energy consumed in cities by 2030, further emphasizing the importance of the electrical system and smart grids in this context.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76079428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.4081/scienze.2022.813
E. Rovida
Mention is made of the effort made by man to realize locomotion systems other than human or animal muscles. In particular, the medieval idea of Guido da Vigevano to create a cart driven by the wind is presented. We then move on to deal with the birth and evolution of the electrically powered car, born almost simultaneously with the thermal traction one. The electric car, due to its many advantages, has a greater diffusion: the electric traction allows to have no pollution in the city, while the thermal one allows to overcome the limits of the reduced autonomy a greater diffusion. With the progress of batteries, towards the Eighties a new interest in the electric car was born, which, starting from the beginning of the Twenty-first century, knows a new development. Of particular interest is the hybrid car, with electric and thermal motor: the electric traction allows you to have no pollution in the city, while the thermal one allows to overcome the limits of the reduced autonomy. From the examination of the history of the electric car, the interest in the history of technology arises: it can allow interesting ideas even today. From the examination of the history of the electric car, the interest in the history of technology arises: from the Turrinelli drawings in Istituto Lombardo, some examples are presented.
提到了人类为实现人类或动物肌肉以外的运动系统所做的努力。特别是，中世纪的Guido da Vigevano创造了一辆由风驱动的马车。然后我们继续讨论电动汽车的诞生和发展，它几乎与热牵引汽车同时诞生。电动汽车，由于它的许多优点，有更大的扩散:电动牵引允许在城市中没有污染，而热的允许克服自主性降低的限制，更大的扩散。随着电池的进步，到了80年代，人们对电动汽车产生了新的兴趣，从21世纪初开始，电动汽车有了新的发展。特别有趣的是混合动力汽车，它有电动和热发动机:电动牵引可以让你在城市里没有污染，而热动力可以克服自主性降低的限制。从对电动汽车历史的考察中，人们对技术史产生了兴趣:即使在今天，它也能产生有趣的想法。从对电动汽车历史的考察中，人们对技术历史产生了兴趣:从伦巴多研究所的图里内利图纸中，提出了一些例子。
{"title":"DALLO SVILUPPO DELL’AUTOMOBILE ELETTRICA, RIFLESSIONI SULLA STORIA DELLA TECNOLOGIA","authors":"E. Rovida","doi":"10.4081/scienze.2022.813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/scienze.2022.813","url":null,"abstract":"Mention is made of the effort made by man to realize locomotion systems other than human or animal muscles. In particular, the medieval idea of Guido da Vigevano to create a cart driven by the wind is presented. We then move on to deal with the birth and evolution of the electrically powered car, born almost simultaneously with the thermal traction one. The electric car, due to its many advantages, has a greater diffusion: the electric traction allows to have no pollution in the city, while the thermal one allows to overcome the limits of the reduced autonomy a greater diffusion. With the progress of batteries, towards the Eighties a new interest in the electric car was born, which, starting from the beginning of the Twenty-first century, knows a new development. Of particular interest is the hybrid car, with electric and thermal motor: the electric traction allows you to have no pollution in the city, while the thermal one allows to overcome the limits of the reduced autonomy. From the examination of the history of the electric car, the interest in the history of technology arises: it can allow interesting ideas even today. From the examination of the history of the electric car, the interest in the history of technology arises: from the Turrinelli drawings in Istituto Lombardo, some examples are presented.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78113259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.4081/scienze.2022.824
Andrea L. Lacaita
After a brief coverage of the developments that led to the birth of microelectronics, the note describes the economic and physical laws that have guided the growth of this technological segment for over fifty years. Following the laws of Moore and Dennard, the complexity of microelectronic chips has increased dramatically, reaching the point of incorporating miniaturized components, now nanometric in size, comparable in number to the stars in a galaxy. However, during these decades microelectronics has not only pursued the path of miniaturization. Alongside digital technologies, diversified platforms have developed that allow for the creation of equally essential chips in non-digital product segments. The actors of all these production chains are distributed over the various continents and are strongly interconnected. While much of the advanced digital chip manufacturing is in Asia, most of their design resides in the United States while European companies are at the forefront of sensor, industrial and automotive chips. However, the recent pandemic crisis and rising geopolitical tensions have highlighted how the lack of just one chip can disrupt the production of essential goods. Therefore, the governments of advanced economies are implementing initiatives to logistically relocate manufacturing sites and to strengthen local technological capabilities with the aim of protecting the economies from international crises. Europe too is moving in this direction but, in order to be effective, it is increasingly urgent to solve some weaknesses in the European political construction which also in this field limit the role of our continent on the global scene.
{"title":"IL MONDO DEI CHIP: PROGRESSI TECNOLOGICI E VULNERABILITà DI UNA FILIERA STRATEGICA","authors":"Andrea L. Lacaita","doi":"10.4081/scienze.2022.824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/scienze.2022.824","url":null,"abstract":"After a brief coverage of the developments that led to the birth of microelectronics, the note describes the economic and physical laws that have guided the growth of this technological segment for over fifty years. Following the laws of Moore and Dennard, the complexity of microelectronic chips has increased dramatically, reaching the point of incorporating miniaturized components, now nanometric in size, comparable in number to the stars in a galaxy. However, during these decades microelectronics has not only pursued the path of miniaturization. Alongside digital technologies, diversified platforms have developed that allow for the creation of equally essential chips in non-digital product segments. The actors of all these production chains are distributed over the various continents and are strongly interconnected. While much of the advanced digital chip manufacturing is in Asia, most of their design resides in the United States while European companies are at the forefront of sensor, industrial and automotive chips. However, the recent pandemic crisis and rising geopolitical tensions have highlighted how the lack of just one chip can disrupt the production of essential goods. Therefore, the governments of advanced economies are implementing initiatives to logistically relocate manufacturing sites and to strengthen local technological capabilities with the aim of protecting the economies from international crises. Europe too is moving in this direction but, in order to be effective, it is increasingly urgent to solve some weaknesses in the European political construction which also in this field limit the role of our continent on the global scene.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88582694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.4081/scienze.2022.829
Paola Vita Finzi
Non disponibile.
不可用。
{"title":"CESARE CARDANI. LA VITA","authors":"Paola Vita Finzi","doi":"10.4081/scienze.2022.829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/scienze.2022.829","url":null,"abstract":"Non disponibile.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88767372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01171-3
E. Makovicky
{"title":"Tomb towers and minarets: analysis of symmetries and geometries of Iranian geometrical ornaments of the Seljuq era. Pictorial requiem for the Kharraqan towers","authors":"E. Makovicky","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01171-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01171-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"49 1","pages":"703 - 720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75336177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01173-1
Qwait Algabbani, A. Shater, R. Assiri, G. Assiri, Alaa Asaad Assiri, Raafat T. M. Makhlof, Mohammad A. Alsaad, S. Alkhalil, Rawabi Mohamed Almuhimed, Hailah M. Almohaimeed, Hayfa AlDughaishem
{"title":"Differential effects of methanolic extracts of clove, ginger, garlic and eucalyptus essential oils on anti-parasitic partitivities of G. lamblia and E. histolytica: an in vitro study","authors":"Qwait Algabbani, A. Shater, R. Assiri, G. Assiri, Alaa Asaad Assiri, Raafat T. M. Makhlof, Mohammad A. Alsaad, S. Alkhalil, Rawabi Mohamed Almuhimed, Hailah M. Almohaimeed, Hayfa AlDughaishem","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01173-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01173-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"29 1","pages":"853 - 866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72528174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01175-z
C. Ruberto
{"title":"The mission of the INFN-Cultural Heritage Network: the multifaceted example of the Macro-XRF scanner experience","authors":"C. Ruberto","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01175-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01175-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"6 1","pages":"889 - 906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72386635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01174-0
A. Bombini, Fernando García-Avello Bofías, C. Ruberto, F. Taccetti
{"title":"A cloud-native application for digital restoration of Cultural Heritage using nuclear imaging: THESPIAN-XRF","authors":"A. Bombini, Fernando García-Avello Bofías, C. Ruberto, F. Taccetti","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01174-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01174-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"50 1","pages":"867 - 887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76723611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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