This study investigates the role of mentalization and attachment in the development of schizotypy into aberrant salience. Specifically, we examine how disruptions in these socio-cognitive capacities interact with multidimensional schizotypy to influence self-fragmentation, emotional instability and social detachment.
Method
Study variables were measured using self-report scales. A two-wave cohort study design was implemented with a 9-month assessment interval. The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between mentalizing, attachment, negative affect, aberrant salience and schizotypy were estimated using network modelling.
Results
The study involved 312 participants aged 18–37 years, with 77% identifying as female and 57% receiving mental health treatment during the follow-up period. Results indicated that mentalizing capacity was central in linking concurrent negative affect, attachment and psychosis risk and served as a temporal bridge connecting multiple dimensions of psychosis risk.
Conclusion
Mentalizing difficulties can heighten psychosis risk by maintaining affective dysregulation and consolidating schizotypy. The results may be influenced by potential sampling errors, as indicated by the analyses of network stability and accuracy. Interventions promoting mentalizing capacity may attenuate psychosis risk.
{"title":"Modelling the longitudinal associations between schizotypy and aberrant salience: The role of mentalization and attachment","authors":"Ercan Ozdemir, Angus MacBeth, Helen Griffiths","doi":"10.1111/papt.12589","DOIUrl":"10.1111/papt.12589","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the role of mentalization and attachment in the development of schizotypy into aberrant salience. Specifically, we examine how disruptions in these socio-cognitive capacities interact with multidimensional schizotypy to influence self-fragmentation, emotional instability and social detachment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Study variables were measured using self-report scales. A two-wave cohort study design was implemented with a 9-month assessment interval. The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between mentalizing, attachment, negative affect, aberrant salience and schizotypy were estimated using network modelling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study involved 312 participants aged 18–37 years, with 77% identifying as female and 57% receiving mental health treatment during the follow-up period. Results indicated that mentalizing capacity was central in linking concurrent negative affect, attachment and psychosis risk and served as a temporal bridge connecting multiple dimensions of psychosis risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mentalizing difficulties can heighten psychosis risk by maintaining affective dysregulation and consolidating schizotypy. The results may be influenced by potential sampling errors, as indicated by the analyses of network stability and accuracy. Interventions promoting mentalizing capacity may attenuate psychosis risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54539,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Psychotherapy-Theory Research and Practice","volume":"98 3","pages":"763-778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/papt.12589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jelka Alice Berger, Lilli Katharina Kalmbach, Nadja Samia Bahr, Bernhard Strauß, Antje Gumz
Objectives
This study aimed to examine therapists' personal involvement in alliance ruptures, considering their level of experience by capturing their subjective perceptions through qualitative interviews.
Method
We conducted 23 interviews, which were subsequently analysed using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR; American Psychological Association, 2012). Following that, group differences based on therapeutic experience were examined.
Results
The data analysis revealed a total of five overarching domains: characteristics of the initial therapeutic relationship, emotional reactions, attempts to repair the rupture, involvement in the rupture, and benefits and challenges of supervision, intervision, and personal therapy in managing ruptures. Although therapists generally considered the clients' disturbance as a contribution, 20 therapists also reported their own biographical issues that were triggered during the rupture. Experienced therapists reported biographical triggers more frequently and mentioned self-disclosure more often in dealing with the rupture than novice therapists.
Conclusion
The results of the qualitative study suggest that experienced therapists demonstrate a deeper personal involvement in reflecting on the causes of ruptures and in their efforts to repair them. It appears that experienced therapists have a stronger integration of personal and professional selves, whereas novice therapists tend to keep the two more separate. This should be considered in training and practice by dismantling the sharp divide between professional (supervision) and personal (personal therapy) development.
{"title":"Between personal and professional involvement: A qualitative interview study on insights of novice and experienced therapists in Alliance ruptures","authors":"Jelka Alice Berger, Lilli Katharina Kalmbach, Nadja Samia Bahr, Bernhard Strauß, Antje Gumz","doi":"10.1111/papt.12587","DOIUrl":"10.1111/papt.12587","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to examine therapists' personal involvement in alliance ruptures, considering their level of experience by capturing their subjective perceptions through qualitative interviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted 23 interviews, which were subsequently analysed using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR; American Psychological Association, 2012). Following that, group differences based on therapeutic experience were examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data analysis revealed a total of five overarching domains: characteristics of the initial therapeutic relationship, emotional reactions, attempts to repair the rupture, involvement in the rupture, and benefits and challenges of supervision, intervision, and personal therapy in managing ruptures. Although therapists generally considered the clients' disturbance as a contribution, 20 therapists also reported their own biographical issues that were triggered during the rupture. Experienced therapists reported biographical triggers more frequently and mentioned self-disclosure more often in dealing with the rupture than novice therapists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of the qualitative study suggest that experienced therapists demonstrate a deeper personal involvement in reflecting on the causes of ruptures and in their efforts to repair them. It appears that experienced therapists have a stronger integration of personal and professional selves, whereas novice therapists tend to keep the two more separate. This should be considered in training and practice by dismantling the sharp divide between professional (supervision) and personal (personal therapy) development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54539,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Psychotherapy-Theory Research and Practice","volume":"98 3","pages":"743-762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) has an emerging evidence base and is becoming an increasingly popular therapeutic modality. The journey through later life poses individuals with various challenges to navigate, including loss of roles and relationships, deteriorating physical health and cognition and death of friends and family members. In addition to any unprocessed challenges lived through in earlier life. Later life is also a unique period where reflection on one's life experiences and choices can occur, which can lead to feelings of regret, disappointment and shame for some, whilst simultaneously facing ageism and barriers to accessing therapy. CFT is well-placed to facilitate older people to face these challenges by exploring their relationship to themselves and others as they navigate ageing. This is increasingly important as we are living longer and more and more older people develop conditions where they will require care. Developing greater compassion for oneself and allowing ourselves to be cared for by others may facilitate a smoother journey and minimise distress.
Methodology
The paper summarises the published work trialling CFT across a range of older patient groups, which shows that older people are open to a CFT approach, they find it an acceptable intervention and it has had wide-reaching benefits. There remains a paucity of high-quality research delivering CFT to older people which limits our conclusions of its effectiveness.
Recommendations
Recommendations of ways in which CFT can be adapted for older people and those living with dementia, consistent with Gilbert's therapeutic themes (2022), are provided.
{"title":"Compassion focused therapy for older people: Why it is needed and adaptations for clinical practice","authors":"Rebecca Poz, Catriona Craig","doi":"10.1111/papt.12579","DOIUrl":"10.1111/papt.12579","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) has an emerging evidence base and is becoming an increasingly popular therapeutic modality. The journey through later life poses individuals with various challenges to navigate, including loss of roles and relationships, deteriorating physical health and cognition and death of friends and family members. In addition to any unprocessed challenges lived through in earlier life. Later life is also a unique period where reflection on one's life experiences and choices can occur, which can lead to feelings of regret, disappointment and shame for some, whilst simultaneously facing ageism and barriers to accessing therapy. CFT is well-placed to facilitate older people to face these challenges by exploring their relationship to themselves and others as they navigate ageing. This is increasingly important as we are living longer and more and more older people develop conditions where they will require care. Developing greater compassion for oneself and allowing ourselves to be cared for by others may facilitate a smoother journey and minimise distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The paper summarises the published work trialling CFT across a range of older patient groups, which shows that older people are open to a CFT approach, they find it an acceptable intervention and it has had wide-reaching benefits. There remains a paucity of high-quality research delivering CFT to older people which limits our conclusions of its effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Recommendations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recommendations of ways in which CFT can be adapted for older people and those living with dementia, consistent with Gilbert's therapeutic themes (2022), are provided.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54539,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Psychotherapy-Theory Research and Practice","volume":"98 3","pages":"726-742"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/papt.12579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to critically reflect on the value of the House-Tree-Fire-Water-Person (HTFWP) drawing as a tool to engage the parents of children aged 10–12 in sandplay therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). To do so, we draw on empirical work that addressed gaps in the existing parent-psychologist alliance literature by exploring the usefulness of sharing the HTFWP drawing series with parents at feedback sessions.
Methods
We employed an instrumental, multiple case study design. The sample consisted of 7 cases, involving parents (n = 9) and child-clients referred for GAD (n = 7). Parent-generated data included the verbatim transcripts of initial semi-structured interviews, three HTFWP drawing elicitation conversations (i.e. HTFWP-facilitated feedback sessions) and a post-intervention semi-structured interview. Child-generated data included three HTFWP drawings and child-driven explanations of these drawings. Psychologist-generated data included journal-recorded reflections and process notes. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified patterns in these data.
Results
Findings suggest that an alliance created between parent and psychologist through sharing the HTFWP drawing series with parents was a win for everyone (parents, child and psychologist). This ‘win-win’ situation included enhanced care for the child, bolstered parental support and heightened efficacy for the psychologist.
Conclusion
The HTFWP drawing has high potential to support the therapeutic process, with emphasis on its facilitation of a parent –psychologist alliance and spillover benefits for parents, the treating psychologist and the child-client.
{"title":"The benefits of sharing house-tree-fire-water-person drawings with parents when their anxious child is in sandplay therapy","authors":"Judith Bredekamp, Linda Theron","doi":"10.1111/papt.12586","DOIUrl":"10.1111/papt.12586","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study is to critically reflect on the value of the House-Tree-Fire-Water-Person (HTFWP) drawing as a tool to engage the parents of children aged 10–12 in sandplay therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). To do so, we draw on empirical work that addressed gaps in the existing parent-psychologist alliance literature by exploring the usefulness of sharing the HTFWP drawing series with parents at feedback sessions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We employed an instrumental, multiple case study design. The sample consisted of 7 cases, involving parents (<i>n</i> = 9) and child-clients referred for GAD (<i>n</i> = 7). Parent-generated data included the verbatim transcripts of initial semi-structured interviews, three HTFWP drawing elicitation conversations (i.e. HTFWP-facilitated feedback sessions) and a post-intervention semi-structured interview. Child-generated data included three HTFWP drawings and child-driven explanations of these drawings. Psychologist-generated data included journal-recorded reflections and process notes. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified patterns in these data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings suggest that an alliance created between parent and psychologist through sharing the HTFWP drawing series with parents was a win for everyone (parents, child and psychologist). This ‘win-win’ situation included enhanced care for the child, bolstered parental support and heightened efficacy for the psychologist.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The HTFWP drawing has high potential to support the therapeutic process, with emphasis on its facilitation of a parent –psychologist alliance and spillover benefits for parents, the treating psychologist and the child-client.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54539,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Psychotherapy-Theory Research and Practice","volume":"98 3","pages":"701-725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/papt.12586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reem Alharbi, Susanne Langer, Cheryl Hunter, Nusrat Husain, Filippo Varese, Peter James Taylor
Background
Previous research suggests that complex trauma and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) experiences can contribute to the risk of developing and possibly maintaining Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). Individuals' accounts of how complex trauma and subsequent development of C-PTSD experiences can contribute to the difficulties of NSSI remain underexplored. This qualitative study aimed to explore in-depth: (1) how individuals with C-PTSD experiences narrate life conditions and events that influenced their difficulties with NSSI over time and (2) what factors the individuals perceived to have helped the process of controlling their experience of NSSI.
Methodology
This novel qualitative narrative study used an adapted version of the Free Association Narrative Interviewing Method (FANIM) to facilitate the exploration of the lived experiences of eight individuals aged 20–56 years. The initial data analysis involved an interpretation of individuals' stories followed by a thematic narrative analysis of 14 interviews to explore the shared and unique experiences narrated by participants.
Results
Four primary themes were established: (1) Voiceless, invisible, and out of control within the dysfunctional system during childhood, (2) “shaky foundation” leading to future traumas, (3) the link between complex trauma, mental health difficulties, and NSSI, and (4) Regaining autonomy and a sense of control in managing NSSI. The findings highlight the importance of adopting a flexible and person-centred treatment that addresses the specific needs of these individuals. The treatment plan should empower individuals to improve their control and autonomy and support them to live a meaningful life.
{"title":"“My entire life has moulded the person that I am”: Narrations of non-suicidal self-injury and complex trauma in individuals with complex posttraumatic stress experiences","authors":"Reem Alharbi, Susanne Langer, Cheryl Hunter, Nusrat Husain, Filippo Varese, Peter James Taylor","doi":"10.1111/papt.12583","DOIUrl":"10.1111/papt.12583","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research suggests that complex trauma and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) experiences can contribute to the risk of developing and possibly maintaining Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). Individuals' accounts of how complex trauma and subsequent development of C-PTSD experiences can contribute to the difficulties of NSSI remain underexplored. This qualitative study aimed to explore in-depth: (1) how individuals with C-PTSD experiences narrate life conditions and events that influenced their difficulties with NSSI over time and (2) what factors the individuals perceived to have helped the process of controlling their experience of NSSI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This novel qualitative narrative study used an adapted version of the Free Association Narrative Interviewing Method (FANIM) to facilitate the exploration of the lived experiences of eight individuals aged 20–56 years. The initial data analysis involved an interpretation of individuals' stories followed by a thematic narrative analysis of 14 interviews to explore the shared and unique experiences narrated by participants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four primary themes were established: (1) Voiceless, invisible, and out of control within the dysfunctional system during childhood, (2) “shaky foundation” leading to future traumas, (3) the link between complex trauma, mental health difficulties, and NSSI, and (4) Regaining autonomy and a sense of control in managing NSSI. The findings highlight the importance of adopting a flexible and person-centred treatment that addresses the specific needs of these individuals. The treatment plan should empower individuals to improve their control and autonomy and support them to live a meaningful life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54539,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Psychotherapy-Theory Research and Practice","volume":"98 3","pages":"683-700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/papt.12583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorna I. Hogg, Alison Branitsky, Anthony P. Morrison, Tim Kurz, Laura G. E. Smith
Objectives
Lived experience input is becoming recognised as vital to developing and delivering high quality research. However, employment as a lived experience researcher can create identity conflict, which can undermine well-being. In this study, we explored the nuances of both social identification and identity integration processes in individuals with lived experience of psychosis employed in research.
Design
Qualitative study using a semi-structured interview format and thematic analyses.
Methods
Fifteen individuals were recruited, all employed in research in UK mental health care trusts or universities. All participants identified as having experience of psychosis and mental health care support and worked as a researcher, in a paid or voluntary capacity.
Results
Two overarching categories were identified in the data, the basis for social identification and the complexity of identity integration within an academic context; specific themes were identified within each of these categories. The data support the value of social identification within this group, although based on shared human experience or being a survivor rather than diagnosis. Challenges to identity integration included conflict between subjectivity and the scientific method and structural stigma. Strong values around using distressing experiences for the benefit of others both furnished self-growth and connected people in groups. A superordinate identity such as ‘useful person’ facilitated the integration of lived experience and researcher-based social identities within the self.
Conclusions
Researching this unique group advances understanding of how social identity forms and functions in a stigmatising context. Findings support the generalisability of the cognitive-developmental model of social identity integration.
{"title":"‘Lemons to lemonade’: Identity integration in researchers with lived experience of psychosis","authors":"Lorna I. Hogg, Alison Branitsky, Anthony P. Morrison, Tim Kurz, Laura G. E. Smith","doi":"10.1111/papt.12582","DOIUrl":"10.1111/papt.12582","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lived experience input is becoming recognised as vital to developing and delivering high quality research. However, employment as a lived experience researcher can create identity conflict, which can undermine well-being. In this study, we explored the nuances of both social identification and identity integration processes in individuals with lived experience of psychosis employed in research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Qualitative study using a semi-structured interview format and thematic analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifteen individuals were recruited, all employed in research in UK mental health care trusts or universities. All participants identified as having experience of psychosis and mental health care support and worked as a researcher, in a paid or voluntary capacity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two overarching categories were identified in the data, the basis for social identification and the complexity of identity integration within an academic context; specific themes were identified within each of these categories. The data support the value of social identification within this group, although based on shared human experience or being a survivor rather than diagnosis. Challenges to identity integration included conflict between subjectivity and the scientific method and structural stigma. Strong values around using distressing experiences for the benefit of others both furnished self-growth and connected people in groups. A superordinate identity such as ‘<i>useful person’</i> facilitated the integration of lived experience and researcher-based social identities within the self.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Researching this unique group advances understanding of how social identity forms and functions in a stigmatising context. Findings support the generalisability of the cognitive-developmental model of social identity integration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54539,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Psychotherapy-Theory Research and Practice","volume":"98 3","pages":"643-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/papt.12582","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To understand young people's experiences of setting and monitoring goals in the context of school-based counselling.
Design
Qualitative interview study of young people aged 13–16 years old who had undertaken school-based counselling and who had explicitly set and monitored goals.
Methods
Nineteen young people who were predominantly female (89.5%) and around half of whom were of white/European and/or British ethnicity (52.6%) were recruited from 4 secondary schools in London, UK. A reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken to identify themes.
Results
Fourteen themes were identified, which reflected both helpful and unhelpful aspects of working with goals. For some young people, goals were motivating, provided a tangible representation of progress, and focused the therapeutic work. For others, goals could mirror a sense of “stuckness” and elicit negative emotions when not progressed towards in a linear fashion. Assigning a number to goal progress meant that some young people felt it did not fully capture the context of their experience, although some did find this practice helpful. Similarly, not all young people found it helpful to monitor progress at every session.
Conclusions
Our findings align with the wider adult literature in that experiences of working with goals are mixed. Recommendations for practice include offering choice in the frequency and way goal progress is monitored, and using clinical judgement when working with goals. This might include noticing when goal setting or monitoring is contributing to young people's feelings of low self-worth and adjusting practice accordingly.
{"title":"Young people's experiences of setting and monitoring goals in school-based counselling: A thematic analysis","authors":"Charlie Duncan, Jacqueline Hayes, Mick Cooper","doi":"10.1111/papt.12581","DOIUrl":"10.1111/papt.12581","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To understand young people's experiences of setting and monitoring goals in the context of school-based counselling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Qualitative interview study of young people aged 13–16 years old who had undertaken school-based counselling and who had explicitly set and monitored goals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nineteen young people who were predominantly female (89.5%) and around half of whom were of white/European and/or British ethnicity (52.6%) were recruited from 4 secondary schools in London, UK. A reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken to identify themes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen themes were identified, which reflected both helpful and unhelpful aspects of working with goals. For some young people, goals were motivating, provided a tangible representation of progress, and focused the therapeutic work. For others, goals could mirror a sense of “stuckness” and elicit negative emotions when not progressed towards in a linear fashion. Assigning a number to goal progress meant that some young people felt it did not fully capture the context of their experience, although some did find this practice helpful. Similarly, not all young people found it helpful to monitor progress at every session.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings align with the wider adult literature in that experiences of working with goals are mixed. Recommendations for practice include offering choice in the frequency and way goal progress is monitored, and using clinical judgement when working with goals. This might include noticing when goal setting or monitoring is contributing to young people's feelings of low self-worth and adjusting practice accordingly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54539,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Psychotherapy-Theory Research and Practice","volume":"98 3","pages":"663-682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/papt.12581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychologists are increasingly using social media to share their therapeutic knowledge. Despite this, social media guidelines devised by professional bodies remain limited in content, with the focus typically on personal use rather than professional use as a mental health influencer. Therefore, this study aimed to explore practitioner psychologists' experiences of Instagram use with an influencer presence.
Methods
Twelve UK-based practitioner psychologists were interviewed who had an Instagram account that they used as a mental health influencer. The semi-structured interview transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results
Three themes were developed, each with four subthemes. The first theme ‘“I'm a psychologist, but I'm not your psychologist” explored psychologists’ experiences of trying to input boundaries on Instagram around self-disclosure, risk management, time management, and client work. The second theme ‘“anxiety about not wanting to do the wrong thing” highlighted the impact of an influencer presence on psychologists’ own mental health. The third theme ‘“I share what I think is going to be helpful for other people and myself” considered the psychologists’ motivations for Instagram use for social justice advocacy and business promotion, and the contradictions between these.
Conclusion
Psychologists can use their training to share evidence-based research as a free widely accessible form of psychoeducation potentially acting as a first step into therapy. However, there are still many ethical ambiguities thus updated guidance specifically for an influencer presence can reduce psychologists' anxieties and potential risks.
{"title":"“What I share is not the same as therapy”: Psychologist experiences of Instagram use as a mental health influencer","authors":"Ella White, Terry Hanley","doi":"10.1111/papt.12585","DOIUrl":"10.1111/papt.12585","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychologists are increasingly using social media to share their therapeutic knowledge. Despite this, social media guidelines devised by professional bodies remain limited in content, with the focus typically on personal use rather than professional use as a mental health influencer. Therefore, this study aimed to explore practitioner psychologists' experiences of Instagram use with an influencer presence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twelve UK-based practitioner psychologists were interviewed who had an Instagram account that they used as a mental health influencer. The semi-structured interview transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three themes were developed, each with four subthemes. The first theme ‘“I'm a psychologist, but I'm not your psychologist” explored psychologists’ experiences of trying to input boundaries on Instagram around self-disclosure, risk management, time management, and client work. The second theme ‘“anxiety about not wanting to do the wrong thing” highlighted the impact of an influencer presence on psychologists’ own mental health. The third theme ‘“I share what I think is going to be helpful for other people and myself” considered the psychologists’ motivations for Instagram use for social justice advocacy and business promotion, and the contradictions between these.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychologists can use their training to share evidence-based research as a free widely accessible form of psychoeducation potentially acting as a first step into therapy. However, there are still many ethical ambiguities thus updated guidance specifically for an influencer presence can reduce psychologists' anxieties and potential risks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54539,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Psychotherapy-Theory Research and Practice","volume":"98 3","pages":"624-642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/papt.12585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa Mastin-Purcell, Amanda L. Richdale, Lauren P. Lawson, Eric M. J. Morris
Objectives
Psychological inflexibility, the model of psychopathology underlying Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), has been linked to a broad range of psychological problems, but its link with sleep quality is not well understood. This study aimed to identify relationships between psychological inflexibility processes (cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, limited perspective-taking, lack of present moment awareness and inaction) and sleep quality, investigating pre-sleep arousal and anxiety symptomatology as mechanisms mediating these relationships.
Design
A correlational, cross-sectional design was used to test two statistical models.
Methods
Participants (N = 704) from a general population sample completed an online survey, reporting on sleep quality, pre-sleep arousal, anxiety and measures of psychological inflexibility. Data were analysed using correlations and path analyses.
Results
All psychological inflexibility processes were moderate to strongly correlated with sleep quality. Path analysis showed cognitive fusion, lack of present moment awareness and experiential avoidance, mediated by pre-sleep cognitive and somatic arousal, explained 49% of the variance in sleep quality (Model 1). Cognitive fusion via pre-sleep cognitive arousal had the largest effect. Anxiety preceding pre-sleep arousal (Model 2) explained no additional variance, and model fit was poorer than Model 1.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the role of psychological inflexibility processes in disrupting the de-arousal process needed for healthy sleep, supporting evidence for ACT as a treatment for sleep disturbance.
{"title":"Associations between psychological inflexibility processes, pre-sleep arousal and sleep quality","authors":"Lisa Mastin-Purcell, Amanda L. Richdale, Lauren P. Lawson, Eric M. J. Morris","doi":"10.1111/papt.12584","DOIUrl":"10.1111/papt.12584","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychological inflexibility, the model of psychopathology underlying Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), has been linked to a broad range of psychological problems, but its link with sleep quality is not well understood. This study aimed to identify relationships between psychological inflexibility processes (cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, limited perspective-taking, lack of present moment awareness and inaction) and sleep quality, investigating pre-sleep arousal and anxiety symptomatology as mechanisms mediating these relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A correlational, cross-sectional design was used to test two statistical models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (<i>N</i> = 704) from a general population sample completed an online survey, reporting on sleep quality, pre-sleep arousal, anxiety and measures of psychological inflexibility. Data were analysed using correlations and path analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All psychological inflexibility processes were moderate to strongly correlated with sleep quality. Path analysis showed cognitive fusion, lack of present moment awareness and experiential avoidance, mediated by pre-sleep cognitive and somatic arousal, explained 49% of the variance in sleep quality (Model 1). Cognitive fusion via pre-sleep cognitive arousal had the largest effect. Anxiety preceding pre-sleep arousal (Model 2) explained no additional variance, and model fit was poorer than Model 1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the role of psychological inflexibility processes in disrupting the de-arousal process needed for healthy sleep, supporting evidence for ACT as a treatment for sleep disturbance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54539,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Psychotherapy-Theory Research and Practice","volume":"98 3","pages":"606-623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/papt.12584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Hu, Sisi Ma, Yuan-jie Lin, Yi-wei Feng, Xiang Li, Wei Shi, Li Zhao, Daniel T. L. Shek
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global mental health crisis, with increased rates of depression among adolescents, exacerbated by interventions such as social distancing and school closures. While widespread anti-epidemic experiences may have strengthened social cohesion and improved adolescents' mental health, the long-term impact of the pandemic on mental health remains a concern, particularly regarding suicide-related behaviours.
Method
This study explored changes in suicide-related behaviours among adolescents with depressive symptoms during the pandemic. A cohort of 4245 students aged 10–19 participated in a school-based survey in 2020, followed by a follow-up in 2021. Cross-lagged panel analysis was used to examine associations between depressive symptoms, suicide-related behaviours and family functioning over time.
Results
Depressive symptoms increased from 2020 to 2021, with a significant rise in mild symptoms (95% CI: 15.53%, 17.78%), whereas severe symptoms decreased (95% CI: 10.24%, 12.14%) (p < .05). Suicide-related behaviours, except suicidal plans, showed a decreasing trend (p < .05). Significant correlations were found between family functioning, depressive symptoms and suicide-related behaviours.
Conclusions
While some aspects of adolescent mental health, such as depressive symptoms, showed improvement during the pandemic, depressive symptoms remained a strong predictor of suicide-related behaviours. The findings underscore the importance of addressing depressive symptoms as a key risk factor for suicide and highlight the role of family functioning in mitigating these risks. Continued attention to adolescent mental health, especially in the context of prolonged pandemic-related stressors, is essential.
{"title":"Changes in the predictive effects of family function and depressive symptoms of suicide-related behaviours in Chinese adolescents during COVID-19","authors":"Rui Hu, Sisi Ma, Yuan-jie Lin, Yi-wei Feng, Xiang Li, Wei Shi, Li Zhao, Daniel T. L. Shek","doi":"10.1111/papt.12573","DOIUrl":"10.1111/papt.12573","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global mental health crisis, with increased rates of depression among adolescents, exacerbated by interventions such as social distancing and school closures. While widespread anti-epidemic experiences may have strengthened social cohesion and improved adolescents' mental health, the long-term impact of the pandemic on mental health remains a concern, particularly regarding suicide-related behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored changes in suicide-related behaviours among adolescents with depressive symptoms during the pandemic. A cohort of 4245 students aged 10–19 participated in a school-based survey in 2020, followed by a follow-up in 2021. Cross-lagged panel analysis was used to examine associations between depressive symptoms, suicide-related behaviours and family functioning over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depressive symptoms increased from 2020 to 2021, with a significant rise in mild symptoms (95% CI: 15.53%, 17.78%), whereas severe symptoms decreased (95% CI: 10.24%, 12.14%) (<i>p</i> < .05). Suicide-related behaviours, except suicidal plans, showed a decreasing trend (<i>p</i> < .05). Significant correlations were found between family functioning, depressive symptoms and suicide-related behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While some aspects of adolescent mental health, such as depressive symptoms, showed improvement during the pandemic, depressive symptoms remained a strong predictor of suicide-related behaviours. The findings underscore the importance of addressing depressive symptoms as a key risk factor for suicide and highlight the role of family functioning in mitigating these risks. Continued attention to adolescent mental health, especially in the context of prolonged pandemic-related stressors, is essential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54539,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Psychotherapy-Theory Research and Practice","volume":"98 3","pages":"590-605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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