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Loss Function for Training Models of Segmentation of Document Images 用于训练文档图像分割模型的损失函数
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1134/s0361768823070058
A. I. Perminov, D. Yu. Turdakov, O. V. Belyaeva

Abstract

This work is devoted to improving the quality of segmentation of images of various scientific papers and legal acts by neural network models by training them using modified loss functions that take into account special features of images of the appropriate subject domain. The analysis of existing loss functions is carried out, and new functions are proposed that work both with the coordinates of bounding boxes and use information about the pixels of the input image. To assess the quality, a neural network segmentation model with modified loss functions is trained, and a theoretical assessment is carried out using a simulation experiment showing the convergence rate and segmentation error. As a result of the study, rapidly converging loss functions are created that improve the quality of document image segmentation using additional information about the input data.

摘要 这项工作致力于提高神经网络模型对各种科学论文和法律文书图像的分割质量,方法是使用考虑到相应主题领域图像特殊性的修正损失函数对神经网络模型进行训练。本文对现有的损失函数进行了分析,并提出了新的函数,这些函数既可以使用边界框的坐标,也可以使用输入图像的像素信息。为了评估质量,使用修改后的损失函数训练了一个神经网络分割模型,并通过显示收敛速度和分割误差的模拟实验进行了理论评估。研究结果表明,快速收敛的损失函数可以利用输入数据的附加信息提高文档图像分割的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Methods for Variational Inequalities with Relatively Smooth and Reletively Strongly Monotone Operators 具有相对光滑和相对强单调算子的变分不等式的自适应方法
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0361768823060026
S. S. Ablaev, F. S. Stonyakin, M. S. Alkousa, D. A. Pasechnyk

Abstract

This paper is devoted to some adaptive methods for variational inequalities with relatively smooth and relatively strongly monotone operators. Based on the recently proposed proximal version of the extragradient method for this class of problems, we study in detail the method with adaptively selected parameter values. The rate of convergence of this method is estimated. The result is generalized to the class of variational inequalities with relatively strongly monotone δ-generalized smooth operators. For the ridge regression problem and variational inequality associated with box-simplex games, numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique for adaptive parameter selection during the execution of the algorithm.

摘要本文研究了具有相对光滑和相对强单调算子的变分不等式的一些自适应方法。在最近提出的这类问题的近端提取方法的基础上,我们详细研究了自适应选择参数值的方法。估计了该方法的收敛速度。结果推广到一类具有较强单调δ-广义光滑算子的变分不等式。针对岭回归问题和盒形博弈相关的变分不等式问题,进行了数值实验,验证了算法执行过程中自适应参数选择技术的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Soft and Hard Skills Gained by Students through Real Projects Developed at a University Software Company 学生通过大学软件公司开发的真实项目获得的软技能和硬技能
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0361768823080029

Abstract

This paper shows quantitative research regarding knowledge, soft and hard skills, and experience acquired by students hired by a University Software Development Company (USDC). Additionally, suggestions regarding how to set up a USDC in an academic environment, facing real customers, are shown. There have been good and bad experiences, both will be presented in this paper. Furthermore, students' perceptions will be discussed. To identify students’ perceptions a questionnaire (survey) was applied. Its reliability was calculated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α = 89). Additionally, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated (r) in order to identify questions that should be deleted to increase the questionnaire’s reliability. Outcomes could be useful when a software engineering faculty wishes to set up a USDC.

摘要 本文对大学软件开发公司(USDC)聘用的学生所掌握的知识、软技能、硬技能和经验进行了定量研究。此外,本文还就如何在学术环境中成立一家面对真实客户的大学软件开发公司提出了建议。本文将介绍好的和不好的经验。此外,还将讨论学生的看法。为了确定学生的看法,采用了一份问卷(调查)。通过 Cronbach's alpha 系数(α = 89)计算了问卷的可靠性。此外,还计算了皮尔逊相关系数(r),以确定应删除哪些问题,从而提高问卷的可靠性。当软件工程专业的教师希望建立一个USDC时,这些结果可能会很有用。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Solution for Plasma Cells Detection 检测血浆细胞的人工智能 (AI) 解决方案
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0361768823080121

Abstract

The article investigates the application of a neural network diagnosis model to histological images in order to detect plasma cells for chronic endometritis detection. A two-stage algorithm was developed for plasma cell detection. At the first stage, a CenterNet model was used to detect stromal and epithelial cells. The neural network was trained on an open dataset with histological images and further fine-tuned using an additional labeled dataset. A labeling protocol was used, and the coefficient of agreement between two experts was calculated, which turned out to be 0.81. At the second stage, using the developed algorithm based on computer vision methods, plasma cells were identified and their HSV color boundaries were calculated. For the two-stage algorithm the following quality metrics were obtained: precision = 0.70, recall = 0.43, f1-score = 0.53. The model then was modified to detect only plasma cells and trained on a dataset with histological images containing labeled plasma cells. The quality metrics of the modified detection model were obtained: precision = 0.73, recall = 0.89, f1-score = 0.8. As a result of the comparison, the modified detection model approach showed the best quality metrics. Automating the work of counting plasma cells will allow doctors to spend less time on routine activities.

摘要 本文研究了神经网络诊断模型在组织学图像中的应用,以检测用于慢性子宫内膜炎检测的浆细胞。为检测浆细胞开发了一种两阶段算法。在第一阶段,使用中心网模型检测基质细胞和上皮细胞。神经网络在一个开放的组织学图像数据集上进行了训练,并使用额外的标记数据集进行了进一步的微调。使用了标记协议,并计算了两位专家之间的一致系数,结果为 0.81。在第二阶段,使用基于计算机视觉方法开发的算法,识别浆细胞并计算其 HSV 颜色边界。两阶段算法的质量指标如下:精确度 = 0.70,召回率 = 0.43,F1-分数 = 0.53。然后对模型进行了修改,只检测浆细胞,并在含有标记浆细胞的组织学图像数据集上进行了训练。修改后的检测模型的质量指标为:精确度 = 0.73,召回率 = 0.89,f1-分数 = 0.8。经过比较,修改后的检测模型方法显示出最佳的质量指标。浆细胞计数工作的自动化将使医生在日常工作上花费更少的时间。
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引用次数: 0
Runtime Verification of Operating Systems Based on Abstract Models 基于抽象模型的操作系统运行时验证
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0361768823070034
D. V. Efremov, V. V. Kopach, E. V. Kornykhin, V. V. Kuliamin, A. K. Petrenko, A. V. Khoroshilov, I. V. Shchepetkov
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引用次数: 0
Decentralized Conditional Gradient Method on Time-Varying Graphs 时变图的分散条件梯度方法
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0361768823060075
R. A. Vedernikov, A. V. Rogozin, A. V. Gasnikov

Abstract

In this paper, we consider a generalization of the decentralized Frank–Wolfe algorithm to time-varying networks, investigate the convergence properties of the algorithm, and carry out the corresponding numerical experiments. The time-varying network is modeled as a deterministic or stochastic sequence of graphs.

摘要本文将分散的Frank-Wolfe算法推广到时变网络,研究了该算法的收敛性,并进行了相应的数值实验。时变网络被建模为一个确定的或随机的图序列。
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引用次数: 0
Bots in Software Development: A Systematic Literature Review and Thematic Analysis 软件开发中的机器人:系统文献综述与主题分析
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0361768823080145

Abstract

Modern Software Engineering thrives with innovative tools that aid developers in creating better software grounded on quality standards. Software bots are an emerging and exciting trend in this regard, supporting numerous software development activities. As an emerging trend, few studies describe and analyze different bots in software development. This research presents a systematic literature review covering the state of the art of applied and proposed bots for software development. Our study spans literature from 2003 to 2022, with 82 different bots applied in software development activities, covering 83 primary studies. We found four bot archetypes: chatbots which focus on direct communication with developers to aid them, analysis bots that display helpful information in different tasks, repair bots for resolving software defects, and development bots that combine aspects of other bot technologies to provide a service to the developer. The primary benefits of using bots are increasing software quality, providing useful information to developers, and saving time through the partial or total automation of development activities. However, drawbacks are reported, including limited effectiveness in task completion, high coupling to third-party technologies, and some prejudice from developers toward bots and their contributions. We discovered that including Bots in software development is a promising field of research in software engineering that has yet to be fully explored.

摘要 现代软件工程借助创新工具蓬勃发展,这些工具可帮助开发人员根据质量标准创建更好的软件。在这方面,软件机器人是一种新兴的、令人兴奋的趋势,它支持众多软件开发活动。作为一种新兴趋势,很少有研究对软件开发中的不同机器人进行描述和分析。本研究通过系统的文献综述,介绍了应用于软件开发的机器人和拟议机器人的最新发展状况。我们的研究横跨 2003 年至 2022 年的文献,其中有 82 种不同的机器人应用于软件开发活动,涵盖 83 项主要研究。我们发现了四种机器人原型:侧重于与开发人员直接交流以帮助他们的聊天机器人、在不同任务中显示有用信息的分析机器人、解决软件缺陷的修复机器人,以及结合其他机器人技术为开发人员提供服务的开发机器人。使用机器人的主要好处是提高软件质量、为开发人员提供有用信息,以及通过部分或全部自动化开发活动节省时间。不过,也有一些缺点,包括完成任务的效率有限、与第三方技术的耦合度高,以及开发人员对机器人及其贡献的一些偏见。我们发现,将机器人纳入软件开发是软件工程中一个大有可为的研究领域,但尚未得到充分探索。
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引用次数: 0
Gradient-Free Algorithms for Solving Stochastic Saddle Optimization Problems with the Polyak–Łojasiewicz Condition 求解Polyak -Łojasiewicz条件下随机鞍型优化问题的无梯度算法
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0361768823060063
S. I. Sadykov, A. V. Lobanov, A. M. Raigorodskii

Abstract

This paper focuses on solving a subclass of stochastic nonconvex-nonconcave black box optimization problems with a saddle point that satisfy the Polyak–Łojasiewicz (PL) condition. To solve this problem, we provide the first (to our best knowledge) gradient-free algorithm. The proposed approach is based on applying a gradient approximation (kernel approximation) to an oracle-biased stochastic gradient descent algorithm. We present theoretical estimates that guarantee its global linear rate of convergence to the desired accuracy. The theoretical results are checked on a model example by comparison with an algorithm using Gaussian approximation.

摘要研究了一类鞍点满足Polyak -Łojasiewicz (PL)条件的随机非凸非凹黑箱优化问题。为了解决这个问题,我们提供了第一个(据我们所知)无梯度算法。该方法基于将梯度近似(核近似)应用于oracle-biased stochastic gradient descent算法。我们给出了保证其全局线性收敛速度达到期望精度的理论估计。通过与高斯近似算法的比较,验证了理论结果。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Variant of the Frank–Wolfe Algorithm for Convex Optimization Problems 求解凸优化问题的Frank-Wolfe算法的自适应变体
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0361768823060038
G. V. Aivazian, F. S. Stonyakin, D. A. Pasechnyk, M. S. Alkousa, A. M. Raigorodsky, I. V. Baran

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate a variant of the Frank–Wolfe method for convex optimization problems with the adaptive selection of the step parameter corresponding to information about the smoothness of the objective function (the Lipschitz constant of the gradient). Theoretical estimates of the quality of the approximate solution provided by the method using adaptively selected parameters Lk are presented. For a class of problems on a convex feasible set with a convex objective function, the guaranteed convergence rate of the proposed method is sublinear. A special subclass of these problems (an objective function with the gradient dominance condition) is considered and the convergence rate of the method using adaptively selected parameters Lk is estimated. An important feature of the result obtained is the elaboration of the case where it is possible to guarantee, after the completion of the iteration, at least double reduction in the residual of the function. At the same time, the use of adaptively selected parameters in theoretical estimates makes the method applicable to both smooth and non-smooth problems, provided that the iteration termination criterion is met. For smooth problems, it can be proved that the theoretical estimates of the method are reliably optimal up to multiplication by a constant factor. Computational experiments are carried out and a comparison with two other algorithms is made to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm on a number of both smooth and non-smooth problems.

摘要本文研究了求解凸优化问题的一种变体Frank-Wolfe方法,该方法自适应选择步长参数对应于目标函数的平滑信息(梯度的Lipschitz常数)。给出了采用自适应选择参数Lk的方法所提供的近似解质量的理论估计。对于一类具有凸目标函数的凸可行集问题,该方法的保证收敛速度是次线性的。考虑了这些问题的一个特殊子类(具有梯度优势条件的目标函数),并估计了自适应选择参数Lk的方法的收敛速度。所得结果的一个重要特征是详细说明了在迭代完成后可以保证函数残差至少减少一倍的情况。同时,在理论估计中采用自适应选择参数,使得该方法在满足迭代终止准则的前提下,既适用于光滑问题,也适用于非光滑问题。对于光滑问题,可以证明该方法的理论估计是可靠的最优的,直到乘以一个常数因子。通过计算实验,并与其他两种算法进行了比较,证明了该算法在许多光滑和非光滑问题上的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
On Accelerated Coordinate Descent Methods for Searching Equilibria in Two-Stage Transportation Equilibrium Traffic Flow Distribution Model 两阶段交通均衡交通流分配模型中寻找平衡点的加速坐标下降法
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s036176882306004x
N. A. Il’tyakov, M. A. Obozov, I. M. Dyshlevski, D. V. Yarmoshik, M. B. Kubentaeva, A. V. Gasnikov, E. V. Gasnikova

Abstract

The search for equilibrium in a two-stage traffic flow model reduces to the solution of a special nonsmooth convex optimization problem with two groups of different variables. For numerical solution of this problem, it is proposed to use the accelerated block-coordinate Nesterov–Stich method with a special choice of block probabilities at each iteration. Theoretical estimates of the complexity of this approach can appreciably improve the estimates of previously used approaches. However, in the general case they do not guarantee faster convergence. Numerical experiments with the proposed algorithms are carried out.

摘要两阶段交通流模型的均衡问题可归结为两组不同变量的特殊非光滑凸优化问题的求解。对于该问题的数值求解,提出了采用加速块坐标Nesterov-Stich方法,并在每次迭代时选择特定的块概率。对这种方法复杂性的理论估计可以显著地改进以前使用的方法的估计。然而,在一般情况下,它们不能保证更快的收敛。对所提出的算法进行了数值实验。
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引用次数: 0
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Programming and Computer Software
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