Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1177/14644193221103211
Jianfeng Sun, M. Chi, Weidong Jiao, Yonghua Jiang, Gang Li, Jizhong Shi
The balance of vehicle parameters to avoid both the carbody and bogie hunting instabilities existing at different stage of vehicle operation is a long-standing problem. However, most of the existing researches focus on a single form of hunting instability and only take specific value of equivalent conicity as the worst case of wheel-rail contact relationship. To face this challenging problem, this paper studies the hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles from the perspective of modal parameters based linearized analysis. The root locus analysis is carried out first to observe the modal information and hunting stability. The continuous modal tracking method is exploited to understand the variation regularity of each mode under the speed parametric excitation, especially when the frequency coupling occurs. Two objective functions related to the minimal damping ratio are proposed to indicate the severity of carbody and bogie hunting instabilities, respectively. The proposed objective functions consider the full range of running speed and wheel-rail contact conicity during operation. Starting from the objective functions, the sensitive analysis and a vector evaluated genetic algorithm are implemented to optimize the suspension parameters. Finally, the optimal solution of the suspension parameters is obtained after a generation of 20. The research method presented in this paper deepens the understanding of hunting motion and improves the vehicle stability in a simple, efficient and effective way.
{"title":"Modal parameters-based hunting stability analysis of high-speed railway vehicles considering full range of equivalent conicity","authors":"Jianfeng Sun, M. Chi, Weidong Jiao, Yonghua Jiang, Gang Li, Jizhong Shi","doi":"10.1177/14644193221103211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193221103211","url":null,"abstract":"The balance of vehicle parameters to avoid both the carbody and bogie hunting instabilities existing at different stage of vehicle operation is a long-standing problem. However, most of the existing researches focus on a single form of hunting instability and only take specific value of equivalent conicity as the worst case of wheel-rail contact relationship. To face this challenging problem, this paper studies the hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles from the perspective of modal parameters based linearized analysis. The root locus analysis is carried out first to observe the modal information and hunting stability. The continuous modal tracking method is exploited to understand the variation regularity of each mode under the speed parametric excitation, especially when the frequency coupling occurs. Two objective functions related to the minimal damping ratio are proposed to indicate the severity of carbody and bogie hunting instabilities, respectively. The proposed objective functions consider the full range of running speed and wheel-rail contact conicity during operation. Starting from the objective functions, the sensitive analysis and a vector evaluated genetic algorithm are implemented to optimize the suspension parameters. Finally, the optimal solution of the suspension parameters is obtained after a generation of 20. The research method presented in this paper deepens the understanding of hunting motion and improves the vehicle stability in a simple, efficient and effective way.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73605272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1177/14644193221099102
Hadi Sazgar, A. K. Khalaji
A vehicle is a highly nonlinear dynamical system with high degrees of freedom. There are also very strong couplings between the longitudinal and lateral dynamics. Therefore, the simultaneous longitudinal and lateral motion control in different road conditions is a challenging problem. This paper presents an integrated adaptive control for longitudinal and lateral vehicle guidance on the highways. The contribution of this work is the design of a robust integrated controller that can handle tyre-road friction changes with low computational cost The proposed controller can adapt to the variations of tyre and road specifications. The strength of this method is that without the use of complex models, the nonlinear tyre dynamic is considered in the design of the controller. Therefore, despite the consideration of a comprehensive nonlinear vehicle dynamic model and the ability to adapt to changes in tyre and road specifications, the computational cost of the algorithm is very small. Besides, due to the controller robustness, there are no concerns about uncertainties. To validate the proposed algorithm, a full vehicle model in CarSim software is used. In obtained results, it is assumed that the yaw rate, longitudinal and lateral acceleration signals are available and have noises. The estimation of longitudinal and lateral velocities and other vehicle states has been done using these signals. Results for different road conditions as well as various vehicle movement modes confirm that tracking of longitudinal and lateral positions has been carried out with high precision. Besides, the results show that the proposed integrated control guarantees the stability of the vehicle, it will manage the tyre-road friction changes well, and also it is resistant to unmodeled uncertainties.
{"title":"Nonlinear integrated control with friction estimation for automatic lane change on the highways","authors":"Hadi Sazgar, A. K. Khalaji","doi":"10.1177/14644193221099102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193221099102","url":null,"abstract":"A vehicle is a highly nonlinear dynamical system with high degrees of freedom. There are also very strong couplings between the longitudinal and lateral dynamics. Therefore, the simultaneous longitudinal and lateral motion control in different road conditions is a challenging problem. This paper presents an integrated adaptive control for longitudinal and lateral vehicle guidance on the highways. The contribution of this work is the design of a robust integrated controller that can handle tyre-road friction changes with low computational cost The proposed controller can adapt to the variations of tyre and road specifications. The strength of this method is that without the use of complex models, the nonlinear tyre dynamic is considered in the design of the controller. Therefore, despite the consideration of a comprehensive nonlinear vehicle dynamic model and the ability to adapt to changes in tyre and road specifications, the computational cost of the algorithm is very small. Besides, due to the controller robustness, there are no concerns about uncertainties. To validate the proposed algorithm, a full vehicle model in CarSim software is used. In obtained results, it is assumed that the yaw rate, longitudinal and lateral acceleration signals are available and have noises. The estimation of longitudinal and lateral velocities and other vehicle states has been done using these signals. Results for different road conditions as well as various vehicle movement modes confirm that tracking of longitudinal and lateral positions has been carried out with high precision. Besides, the results show that the proposed integrated control guarantees the stability of the vehicle, it will manage the tyre-road friction changes well, and also it is resistant to unmodeled uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91003494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1177/14644193221099136
Sultan Singh, Anil Kumar
Developing economies focus to enhance train speed by introducing high speed corridors and upgrading existing rail infrastructure. Higher speed has adverse impact on vehicle stability and ride comfort. Therefore, in order to improve critical speed and ride comfort magneto-rheological (MR) based dampers are used. Here, the lateral dynamics of an Indian passenger rail vehicle is expressed with 17 degrees of freedom model and after validation, it is used to examine the effect of suspension parameters such as damping and stiffness on critical speed. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is performed and it is found that critical speed is the most sensitive to secondary lateral damping coefficient. Therefore, these dampers are replaced with MR fluid dampers to evaluate improvement in stability and critical speed. The modified Bouc-Wen model is formulated to characterise the behaviour of the MR damper. Herein, two distinct controllers: disturbance refusal and damper force tracking control algorithms are employed to govern the entire system. Measured random track irregularities are applied as an input to simulate the system. The results reveal that the semi-active suspension improves the critical speed by 19.38 km/h (9.89%) when compared to the existing passive suspension, and significantly reduces the vibration responses of the carbody in a wide frequency spectrum at higher speeds of the train.
{"title":"Modelling and analysis of passenger rail vehicle for the improvement of critical speed using MR damper based semi-active suspension","authors":"Sultan Singh, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1177/14644193221099136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193221099136","url":null,"abstract":"Developing economies focus to enhance train speed by introducing high speed corridors and upgrading existing rail infrastructure. Higher speed has adverse impact on vehicle stability and ride comfort. Therefore, in order to improve critical speed and ride comfort magneto-rheological (MR) based dampers are used. Here, the lateral dynamics of an Indian passenger rail vehicle is expressed with 17 degrees of freedom model and after validation, it is used to examine the effect of suspension parameters such as damping and stiffness on critical speed. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is performed and it is found that critical speed is the most sensitive to secondary lateral damping coefficient. Therefore, these dampers are replaced with MR fluid dampers to evaluate improvement in stability and critical speed. The modified Bouc-Wen model is formulated to characterise the behaviour of the MR damper. Herein, two distinct controllers: disturbance refusal and damper force tracking control algorithms are employed to govern the entire system. Measured random track irregularities are applied as an input to simulate the system. The results reveal that the semi-active suspension improves the critical speed by 19.38 km/h (9.89%) when compared to the existing passive suspension, and significantly reduces the vibration responses of the carbody in a wide frequency spectrum at higher speeds of the train.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73181059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1177/14644193221093214
Xue-long Cao, Fengxia Lu, Heyun Bao, R. Zhu
In the dynamic simulation of spiral bevel gears (SBGs), the modeling and contact analysis of the SBGs are extremely complicated; therefore, dynamic analysis of the SBGs generally simplifies the SBG model. The vibration in the meshing process will cause the meshing trajectory to deviate, resulting in changes in the meshing stiffness, oil film thickness, and load distribution between teeth. These changes cannot be realized using simplified models. To accurately calculate the dynamic behavior of the SBG pair of the intermediate reducer of a helicopter under the influence of vibration displacement, a load-tooth contact analysis(LTCA) of the SBG with error was performed based on the finite element method(FEM) and gear meshing principle. A calculation method for the meshing stiffness, considering the errors and elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) factors, is proposed. To establish the coupling nonlinear dynamic model of the tail drive thin-walled shaft Timoshenko beam element and SBG lumped mass methods, applied the Newmark conjugate gradient method. Changes in parameters such as vibration displacement, meshing trajectory, tooth side clearance, oil film thickness, and meshing stiffness were obtained. The results show that the contact stiffness after considering the oil film stiffness is reduced by 17.7% compared to that without considering the effect of the oil film, and the oil film stiffness fluctuates more because the coupled model takes into account the vibration effect of the time-varying system, and the amplitude increases by 18.5% compared to the commercial software. The coupled kinetic model calculates the dynamic meshing force, normal relative displacement, single tooth meshing period and oil film thickness, and finds that the amplitude of the relevant parameters increases. The obtained time-varying lubrication parameters provide a theoretical basis for studying the evolution of the transmission system under the loss of lubrication.
{"title":"Dynamic behavior analysis of spiral bevel gears of helicopter’s intermediate reducer with vibration error and lubrication","authors":"Xue-long Cao, Fengxia Lu, Heyun Bao, R. Zhu","doi":"10.1177/14644193221093214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193221093214","url":null,"abstract":"In the dynamic simulation of spiral bevel gears (SBGs), the modeling and contact analysis of the SBGs are extremely complicated; therefore, dynamic analysis of the SBGs generally simplifies the SBG model. The vibration in the meshing process will cause the meshing trajectory to deviate, resulting in changes in the meshing stiffness, oil film thickness, and load distribution between teeth. These changes cannot be realized using simplified models. To accurately calculate the dynamic behavior of the SBG pair of the intermediate reducer of a helicopter under the influence of vibration displacement, a load-tooth contact analysis(LTCA) of the SBG with error was performed based on the finite element method(FEM) and gear meshing principle. A calculation method for the meshing stiffness, considering the errors and elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) factors, is proposed. To establish the coupling nonlinear dynamic model of the tail drive thin-walled shaft Timoshenko beam element and SBG lumped mass methods, applied the Newmark conjugate gradient method. Changes in parameters such as vibration displacement, meshing trajectory, tooth side clearance, oil film thickness, and meshing stiffness were obtained. The results show that the contact stiffness after considering the oil film stiffness is reduced by 17.7% compared to that without considering the effect of the oil film, and the oil film stiffness fluctuates more because the coupled model takes into account the vibration effect of the time-varying system, and the amplitude increases by 18.5% compared to the commercial software. The coupled kinetic model calculates the dynamic meshing force, normal relative displacement, single tooth meshing period and oil film thickness, and finds that the amplitude of the relevant parameters increases. The obtained time-varying lubrication parameters provide a theoretical basis for studying the evolution of the transmission system under the loss of lubrication.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74616840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1177/14644193211063179
Shixiong Zhang, Wenjing Shi, Zhipei Wu, Teng Zhang, Cheng Liu, Weijie Li
Herein, a continuum damage dynamic model of a large-scale flexible multibody system comprising composite beams is proposed based on the framework of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. To accurately model the continuum damage dynamics of a multibody system, the Hashin criterion is adopted to describe damage initiation during dynamics. A type of nonlinear evolution law is used to characterize the value of material damage. Furthermore, a material stiffness degradation rule is introduced to describe the process of structural damage. A formulation for the damage element elastic force and its Jacobian are derived based on the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor. Two dynamic numerical examples, including a deployment dynamic analysis of the spatial beam structural unit, are conducted to verify the availability and applicability of the proposed model.
{"title":"Continuum damage dynamics of a large-scale flexible multibody system comprised of composite beams","authors":"Shixiong Zhang, Wenjing Shi, Zhipei Wu, Teng Zhang, Cheng Liu, Weijie Li","doi":"10.1177/14644193211063179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193211063179","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, a continuum damage dynamic model of a large-scale flexible multibody system comprising composite beams is proposed based on the framework of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. To accurately model the continuum damage dynamics of a multibody system, the Hashin criterion is adopted to describe damage initiation during dynamics. A type of nonlinear evolution law is used to characterize the value of material damage. Furthermore, a material stiffness degradation rule is introduced to describe the process of structural damage. A formulation for the damage element elastic force and its Jacobian are derived based on the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor. Two dynamic numerical examples, including a deployment dynamic analysis of the spatial beam structural unit, are conducted to verify the availability and applicability of the proposed model.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86684721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-03DOI: 10.1177/14644193221098866
Zhaowei Zhang, Wu Ren, Weijia Zhou
The Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF) is a milestone in the study of flexible multibody dynamics and is of great significance for the study of the dynamics of multi-flexible systems, of which the plate element is an important part. In this article, the construction and principles of this type of element are systematically traced, the types of elements that have been studied are summarized, and the research history of the element locking problem and extended applications in different fields are briefly described. Through the systematic summary, the shortcomings in the current research and application of the element are identified, and some suggestions for future theoretical research on the plate element are given. The functional expansion of the plate element under the conditions of constraints, materials and physical fields as well as practical engineering applications are discussed.
{"title":"Research status and prospect of plate elements in absolute nodal coordinate formulation","authors":"Zhaowei Zhang, Wu Ren, Weijia Zhou","doi":"10.1177/14644193221098866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193221098866","url":null,"abstract":"The Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF) is a milestone in the study of flexible multibody dynamics and is of great significance for the study of the dynamics of multi-flexible systems, of which the plate element is an important part. In this article, the construction and principles of this type of element are systematically traced, the types of elements that have been studied are summarized, and the research history of the element locking problem and extended applications in different fields are briefly described. Through the systematic summary, the shortcomings in the current research and application of the element are identified, and some suggestions for future theoretical research on the plate element are given. The functional expansion of the plate element under the conditions of constraints, materials and physical fields as well as practical engineering applications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90867198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1177/14644193221092723
Yi Zhang, Guangqiang Wu, Daguan Chen
In this study, Lyapunov stability theory was used to systematically investigate the stability of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber (CPVA) in terms of the shape of the absorber path, mistuning levels, damping coefficient, number of absorbers, and force of gravity. Our approach improved upon previous studies by introducing a gravity term, optimising the calculation method, and using a function diagram to represent the asymptotically stable region to produce more accurate results. Our finding that the influence of gravity on the stability of the CPVA system is reflected in the change of the tuning order prompted us to define new terminology—’gravity mistuning factor ( Δ σ η )’ and ‘zone yielding to gravity ( ZY )’—to intuitively reflect the influence of gravity. Comparison of the results obtained from numerical simulation based on a fully nonlinear equation of motion with analytical results revealed nonlinear dynamic characteristics such as bifurcation to asynchrony response, nonlinear jump, and beat phenomena. The approach and results of this study are more practical in settings in which gravity plays an important role, including vehicle engine idling, low-speed locomotive or marine engines, and drum washing machines.
{"title":"Stability study of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers in gravity field","authors":"Yi Zhang, Guangqiang Wu, Daguan Chen","doi":"10.1177/14644193221092723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193221092723","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Lyapunov stability theory was used to systematically investigate the stability of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber (CPVA) in terms of the shape of the absorber path, mistuning levels, damping coefficient, number of absorbers, and force of gravity. Our approach improved upon previous studies by introducing a gravity term, optimising the calculation method, and using a function diagram to represent the asymptotically stable region to produce more accurate results. Our finding that the influence of gravity on the stability of the CPVA system is reflected in the change of the tuning order prompted us to define new terminology—’gravity mistuning factor ( Δ σ η )’ and ‘zone yielding to gravity ( ZY )’—to intuitively reflect the influence of gravity. Comparison of the results obtained from numerical simulation based on a fully nonlinear equation of motion with analytical results revealed nonlinear dynamic characteristics such as bifurcation to asynchrony response, nonlinear jump, and beat phenomena. The approach and results of this study are more practical in settings in which gravity plays an important role, including vehicle engine idling, low-speed locomotive or marine engines, and drum washing machines.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76373174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.1177/14644193221095438
Yubo Wang, C. Yan, Zunyou Lu, Yaofeng Liu, Lixiao Wu
The vibration response of ball bearing with local defect is closely associated with its lubrication condition. The previous bearing dynamic models were mainly established based on the idealised lubrication conditions, which may not uncover the influence of thermal effect of lubricant on vibration characteristics of defective bearing. This paper presented the influence of thermal effect on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) performances of ball bearing and the vibration characteristics of defective bearing under thermal EHL. Considering the point contact thermal EHL and the time-varying displacement excitation, a dynamic model of ball bearing with a localised defect on outer raceway was developed. The model was validated by the experimental results. Compared with isothermal EHL, the simulation results with thermal EHL reveal larger pressure and thinner film thickness in the ball-raceway contact interface. Meanwhile, the rotating speed and radial load have significant effects on the thermal EHL performance of ball bearing. The effects of three contact conditions (dry friction, isothermal and thermal EHL) on vibration amplitude of defective bearing in frequency domain are discussed. The results show that the lubricant could improve the vibration of defective bearing, whereas the addition of thermal effect of EHL could increase the vibration amplitude and deteriorate the lubricating performance. The model is beneficial to the bearing model optimisation and the rational selection of lubricants.
{"title":"Effect of thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication on vibration characteristics of ball bearing with local defect","authors":"Yubo Wang, C. Yan, Zunyou Lu, Yaofeng Liu, Lixiao Wu","doi":"10.1177/14644193221095438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193221095438","url":null,"abstract":"The vibration response of ball bearing with local defect is closely associated with its lubrication condition. The previous bearing dynamic models were mainly established based on the idealised lubrication conditions, which may not uncover the influence of thermal effect of lubricant on vibration characteristics of defective bearing. This paper presented the influence of thermal effect on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) performances of ball bearing and the vibration characteristics of defective bearing under thermal EHL. Considering the point contact thermal EHL and the time-varying displacement excitation, a dynamic model of ball bearing with a localised defect on outer raceway was developed. The model was validated by the experimental results. Compared with isothermal EHL, the simulation results with thermal EHL reveal larger pressure and thinner film thickness in the ball-raceway contact interface. Meanwhile, the rotating speed and radial load have significant effects on the thermal EHL performance of ball bearing. The effects of three contact conditions (dry friction, isothermal and thermal EHL) on vibration amplitude of defective bearing in frequency domain are discussed. The results show that the lubricant could improve the vibration of defective bearing, whereas the addition of thermal effect of EHL could increase the vibration amplitude and deteriorate the lubricating performance. The model is beneficial to the bearing model optimisation and the rational selection of lubricants.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82308759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1177/14644193221093514
Zhifeng Shi, Jing Liu, Guijian Xiao
A dynamic model of a planetary needle roller bearing (PNRB) considering the waviness is proposed. This model can formulate the PNRB dynamic motions under high centrifugal acceleration conditions, which are more complicated than those of shaft-fixed bearings. The waviness distributed on the surfaces of races and needle rollers can change the contact conditions between the needle rollers and races. In this study, the effect of the waviness on the roller-race contact forces, roller-cage impact forces, and the PNRB elements’ dynamics are discussed, which were not studied in the listed literature for the PNRB models. Moreover, a case of a PNRB in a single row planetary gear train is used to analyze the relationship between the needle roller-cage impact force and cage speed variation. The effect of the waviness on the vibration characteristics frequency of PNRB races are also studied.
{"title":"Dynamics of a planetary needle roller bearing considering the waviness","authors":"Zhifeng Shi, Jing Liu, Guijian Xiao","doi":"10.1177/14644193221093514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193221093514","url":null,"abstract":"A dynamic model of a planetary needle roller bearing (PNRB) considering the waviness is proposed. This model can formulate the PNRB dynamic motions under high centrifugal acceleration conditions, which are more complicated than those of shaft-fixed bearings. The waviness distributed on the surfaces of races and needle rollers can change the contact conditions between the needle rollers and races. In this study, the effect of the waviness on the roller-race contact forces, roller-cage impact forces, and the PNRB elements’ dynamics are discussed, which were not studied in the listed literature for the PNRB models. Moreover, a case of a PNRB in a single row planetary gear train is used to analyze the relationship between the needle roller-cage impact force and cage speed variation. The effect of the waviness on the vibration characteristics frequency of PNRB races are also studied.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75115591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.1177/14644193221090871
Gonçalo Marta, C. Quental, J. Folgado, F. Guerra-Pinto
The number of people running has risen exponentially in the last decade, increasing the need for better research on running-related injuries, shoe construction and performance enhancement. Considering the key role of the ankle, the second most injured joint after the knee and the only link of the body to the ground, for human motion, the aim of this study is to provide a general overview of generic foot multibody models and their application to the analysis of ankle biomechanics during running. Searches for studies published until February 2021 were performed in scientific databases. The selected studies contemplated original foot multibody models and their running applications. Multibody models of the foot included kinematic and dynamic approaches with the foot being modelled by 3 to 26 segments. Some models have been used to understand the ankle biomechanics regarding running, but most considered only simplified models of the foot. Moreover, their application in the understanding of running mechanics is still very shallow, focusing mainly on the study of joint angle variation and ground reaction forces. This narrative review shows that detailed multibody models of the ankle, which represent its high complexity, are still scarce. An understanding of the different parameters that influence sports performance and injury prevalence has yet to be achieved. Future research should address these topics to create intervention strategies on injury prevention and to maximise sports performance.
{"title":"Multibody modelling of the foot for the biomechanical analysis of the ankle joint during running: A narrative review","authors":"Gonçalo Marta, C. Quental, J. Folgado, F. Guerra-Pinto","doi":"10.1177/14644193221090871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193221090871","url":null,"abstract":"The number of people running has risen exponentially in the last decade, increasing the need for better research on running-related injuries, shoe construction and performance enhancement. Considering the key role of the ankle, the second most injured joint after the knee and the only link of the body to the ground, for human motion, the aim of this study is to provide a general overview of generic foot multibody models and their application to the analysis of ankle biomechanics during running. Searches for studies published until February 2021 were performed in scientific databases. The selected studies contemplated original foot multibody models and their running applications. Multibody models of the foot included kinematic and dynamic approaches with the foot being modelled by 3 to 26 segments. Some models have been used to understand the ankle biomechanics regarding running, but most considered only simplified models of the foot. Moreover, their application in the understanding of running mechanics is still very shallow, focusing mainly on the study of joint angle variation and ground reaction forces. This narrative review shows that detailed multibody models of the ankle, which represent its high complexity, are still scarce. An understanding of the different parameters that influence sports performance and injury prevalence has yet to be achieved. Future research should address these topics to create intervention strategies on injury prevention and to maximise sports performance.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89314556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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