The vibration characteristics and skidding behaviour of deep groove ball bearings (DGBBs) are significantly influenced by the evolution of local defects and thermal effects. In previous studies, the influences of skidding and thermal effects were not considered in order to simplify the model of defective bearings. But the presence of skidding and thermal should not be ignored to accurately simulate the operation of bearing. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the operational mechanism of defective bearings, it is crucial to examine the skidding and thermal characteristics of various defect types using dynamic modelling approaches. In this study, the DGBB dynamic model for seven types of defects is established, which considers the self-rotation, rotation, and radial motion of ball, the contact force, ball/cage and ball/raceway skidding, and the effects of thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL). Experimental data from a machine fault simulator test rig is utilized to validate the accuracy of the proposed modelling methods. The results indicate that compound defects (CDs) result in higher vibration amplitudes and more severe skidding phenomena compared to single defects (SDs). Furthermore, compound defects exhibit a greater thermal effect on the oil film in the contact area than SDs, significantly impacting the operational performance of the bearing.
{"title":"Dynamic modelling of deep groove ball bearings with different local defects considering skidding and thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication","authors":"Yubao Tian, C. Yan, Yaofeng Liu, Jianxiong Kang, Zunyou Lu, Lixiao Wu","doi":"10.1177/14644193231182038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193231182038","url":null,"abstract":"The vibration characteristics and skidding behaviour of deep groove ball bearings (DGBBs) are significantly influenced by the evolution of local defects and thermal effects. In previous studies, the influences of skidding and thermal effects were not considered in order to simplify the model of defective bearings. But the presence of skidding and thermal should not be ignored to accurately simulate the operation of bearing. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the operational mechanism of defective bearings, it is crucial to examine the skidding and thermal characteristics of various defect types using dynamic modelling approaches. In this study, the DGBB dynamic model for seven types of defects is established, which considers the self-rotation, rotation, and radial motion of ball, the contact force, ball/cage and ball/raceway skidding, and the effects of thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL). Experimental data from a machine fault simulator test rig is utilized to validate the accuracy of the proposed modelling methods. The results indicate that compound defects (CDs) result in higher vibration amplitudes and more severe skidding phenomena compared to single defects (SDs). Furthermore, compound defects exhibit a greater thermal effect on the oil film in the contact area than SDs, significantly impacting the operational performance of the bearing.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90227981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1177/14644193231181666
H. Rahnejat, P. Johns-Rahnejat, N. Dolatabadi, R. Rahmani
Since Euler's original gyro-dynamic analysis nearly two and a half centuries ago, the use of multi-body dynamics (MBD) has spread widely in application scope from large displacement rigid body dynamics to infinitesimal amplitude elastodynamics. In some cases, MBD has become a multi-physics multi-scale analysis, comprising contact mechanics, tribo-dynamics, terramechanics, thermodynamics, biomechanics, etc. It is an essential part of all analyses in many engineering disciplines, including vehicle engineering. This paper provides an overview of historical developments with emphasis on vehicle development and investigation of observed phenomena, including noise, vibration and harshness. The approach undertaken is comprehensive and provides a uniquely focused perspective, one which has not hitherto been reported in the literature.
{"title":"Multi-body dynamics in vehicle engineering","authors":"H. Rahnejat, P. Johns-Rahnejat, N. Dolatabadi, R. Rahmani","doi":"10.1177/14644193231181666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193231181666","url":null,"abstract":"Since Euler's original gyro-dynamic analysis nearly two and a half centuries ago, the use of multi-body dynamics (MBD) has spread widely in application scope from large displacement rigid body dynamics to infinitesimal amplitude elastodynamics. In some cases, MBD has become a multi-physics multi-scale analysis, comprising contact mechanics, tribo-dynamics, terramechanics, thermodynamics, biomechanics, etc. It is an essential part of all analyses in many engineering disciplines, including vehicle engineering. This paper provides an overview of historical developments with emphasis on vehicle development and investigation of observed phenomena, including noise, vibration and harshness. The approach undertaken is comprehensive and provides a uniquely focused perspective, one which has not hitherto been reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85037332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the feasibility of using the coupled smooth particle hydrodynamics–finite element method (SPH–FEM) to study the gear rack and meshing impact problem. Firstly, a numerical model containing both SPH and FEM units is established, and its accuracy is verified. Then, the principle of gear rack meshing impact is analyzed from the perspective of impact dynamics theory, and the formula of maximum meshing impact force is derived. Finally, the meshing impact process of the rack and pinion is simulated using the coupled SPH–FEM method, and experiments are designed to verify it. The analysis results show that the SPH–FEM coupling method can simulate the meshing impact behavior of the gear mechanism more accurately. On the other hand, the severity of the impact in each operating section was obtained. It is also found that the impact stress has reached the material's tensile limit, revealing the mechanism of tooth surface wear caused by the impact. The results of the study provide a choice of research methods for gear mechanism meshing impact and also provide some reference for gear rack tooth shape optimization.
{"title":"Meshing impact analysis of the gear and rack of the pumping machine based on the SPH–FEM coupling method","authors":"Fankai Di, Mutellip Ahmat, Duanzheng Li, Huafeng Zhou","doi":"10.1177/14644193231180685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193231180685","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the feasibility of using the coupled smooth particle hydrodynamics–finite element method (SPH–FEM) to study the gear rack and meshing impact problem. Firstly, a numerical model containing both SPH and FEM units is established, and its accuracy is verified. Then, the principle of gear rack meshing impact is analyzed from the perspective of impact dynamics theory, and the formula of maximum meshing impact force is derived. Finally, the meshing impact process of the rack and pinion is simulated using the coupled SPH–FEM method, and experiments are designed to verify it. The analysis results show that the SPH–FEM coupling method can simulate the meshing impact behavior of the gear mechanism more accurately. On the other hand, the severity of the impact in each operating section was obtained. It is also found that the impact stress has reached the material's tensile limit, revealing the mechanism of tooth surface wear caused by the impact. The results of the study provide a choice of research methods for gear mechanism meshing impact and also provide some reference for gear rack tooth shape optimization.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85915987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1177/14644193231179858
J. Liu, Wanli Fancheng, Xinbin Li, S. Ding
Vibration analysis of double-row cylindrical roller bearing systems is useful for controlling the vibrations of rotating transmission systems. However, most current works only formulated the rotor system with single-row cylindrical roller bearings. Moreover, the vibration characteristics of the rotor system with defective double-row cylindrical roller bearings are not clearly. To overcome this problem, a vibration model of a flexible rotor system with the defective double-row cylindrical roller bearing is proposed in this work. The effects of the speed and defect on the vibrations of flexible rotor systems are studied. The vibrations from flexible and rigid models are compared under different rotation speeds. Note that the vibration waveforms from rigid and flexible models are similar. The vibrations of different nodes are different under different speeds, which cannot be formulated by the previous rigid models. The vibration model can better represent the vibrations of rotor systems with and without the defect. Moreover, this paper can provide a comprehensive analytical method for vibrations and acoustics of flexible rotor systems with the double-row cylindrical roller bearings.
{"title":"A vibration model of a flexible rotor-bearing system considering the defect in a double-row cylindrical roller bearing","authors":"J. Liu, Wanli Fancheng, Xinbin Li, S. Ding","doi":"10.1177/14644193231179858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193231179858","url":null,"abstract":"Vibration analysis of double-row cylindrical roller bearing systems is useful for controlling the vibrations of rotating transmission systems. However, most current works only formulated the rotor system with single-row cylindrical roller bearings. Moreover, the vibration characteristics of the rotor system with defective double-row cylindrical roller bearings are not clearly. To overcome this problem, a vibration model of a flexible rotor system with the defective double-row cylindrical roller bearing is proposed in this work. The effects of the speed and defect on the vibrations of flexible rotor systems are studied. The vibrations from flexible and rigid models are compared under different rotation speeds. Note that the vibration waveforms from rigid and flexible models are similar. The vibrations of different nodes are different under different speeds, which cannot be formulated by the previous rigid models. The vibration model can better represent the vibrations of rotor systems with and without the defect. Moreover, this paper can provide a comprehensive analytical method for vibrations and acoustics of flexible rotor systems with the double-row cylindrical roller bearings.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83529221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1177/14644193231176956
Yixiao Li, Jianfeng Sun, Liangcheng Dai, Zhaotuan Guo, M. Chi
Cross-line operation that can improve the utilization of railway equipment and transportation efficiency is expected to be the development of the future, and the key to realizing this is to guarantee the dynamics performance of high-speed trains operating on different railway lines. To this end, this study focuses on determining the parameters of a suspension system for a high-speed train equipped with semi-active dampers. Multi-body dynamics method is used to establish a mathematical model of a high-speed vehicle, and a numerical integration method is applied to calculate the system response. An improved genetic algorithm adopting the dynamic Hamming distance, dynamic crossover, and mutation coefficients is integrated into the numerical simulation process to determine the parameters. Based on the numerical analysis, the optimized damping values for various hydraulic dampers in their passive modes are obtained. Finally, an experimental validation based on roller-rig and field loop-line tests is performed, and the test results verify the effectiveness of the optimized parameters. Thus, the study findings can serve as a reference to enhance the realization of cross-line operation.
{"title":"Numerical and experimental investigation on parameters determination of the suspension system for a high-speed train aiming at cross-line operation","authors":"Yixiao Li, Jianfeng Sun, Liangcheng Dai, Zhaotuan Guo, M. Chi","doi":"10.1177/14644193231176956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193231176956","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-line operation that can improve the utilization of railway equipment and transportation efficiency is expected to be the development of the future, and the key to realizing this is to guarantee the dynamics performance of high-speed trains operating on different railway lines. To this end, this study focuses on determining the parameters of a suspension system for a high-speed train equipped with semi-active dampers. Multi-body dynamics method is used to establish a mathematical model of a high-speed vehicle, and a numerical integration method is applied to calculate the system response. An improved genetic algorithm adopting the dynamic Hamming distance, dynamic crossover, and mutation coefficients is integrated into the numerical simulation process to determine the parameters. Based on the numerical analysis, the optimized damping values for various hydraulic dampers in their passive modes are obtained. Finally, an experimental validation based on roller-rig and field loop-line tests is performed, and the test results verify the effectiveness of the optimized parameters. Thus, the study findings can serve as a reference to enhance the realization of cross-line operation.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89422064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-04DOI: 10.1177/14644193231180242
W. Tu, Benmeng Yang, Wennian Yu, Ya Luo
To illustrate the vibration characteristics of the defective bearing more precisely, a dynamic model considering the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage when the roller passes through the defect has been proposed. It overcomes the shortcomings of the previous models in which the roller's and cage's rotational speeds are set as constant values. The proposed model considers the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage when the roller passes through the bearing defect. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model were verified by an experimental study. The motion characteristics, force characteristics, and vibration characteristics, when the roller passes through the defect, are analyzed. In addition, the vibration signals of the roller passing through two different types of defects are studied. The results show that the roller's rotational speed suddenly increases and the fluctuation amplitude of the revolution speed increases when the roller exits from the large defect. The large defect leads to high-frequency unstable collisions between the roller and the defective raceway. In addition, the slip velocity and the friction force between the roller and the raceway intensify the collision amplitude and generate high-frequency components of the vibration signal. They will also lower the frequency of the roller passing through the outer raceway, especially under high speed and light load conditions. The slipping and the restress between the roller and the defected raceway lead to small variations and big shocks in the vibration acceleration signal, respectively. These phenomena demonstrate the necessity of considering the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage in the dynamic model.
{"title":"A dynamic model of defective bearing considering the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage","authors":"W. Tu, Benmeng Yang, Wennian Yu, Ya Luo","doi":"10.1177/14644193231180242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193231180242","url":null,"abstract":"To illustrate the vibration characteristics of the defective bearing more precisely, a dynamic model considering the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage when the roller passes through the defect has been proposed. It overcomes the shortcomings of the previous models in which the roller's and cage's rotational speeds are set as constant values. The proposed model considers the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage when the roller passes through the bearing defect. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model were verified by an experimental study. The motion characteristics, force characteristics, and vibration characteristics, when the roller passes through the defect, are analyzed. In addition, the vibration signals of the roller passing through two different types of defects are studied. The results show that the roller's rotational speed suddenly increases and the fluctuation amplitude of the revolution speed increases when the roller exits from the large defect. The large defect leads to high-frequency unstable collisions between the roller and the defective raceway. In addition, the slip velocity and the friction force between the roller and the raceway intensify the collision amplitude and generate high-frequency components of the vibration signal. They will also lower the frequency of the roller passing through the outer raceway, especially under high speed and light load conditions. The slipping and the restress between the roller and the defected raceway lead to small variations and big shocks in the vibration acceleration signal, respectively. These phenomena demonstrate the necessity of considering the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage in the dynamic model.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78773858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a novel velocity estimation method for an articulated steering vehicle to improve the automation and safety of articulated steering vehicle. The estimation method process is done in three steps: First, the articulated steering vehicle's tire forces are calculated separately against articulated steering vehicle's asymmetric tire load transfers. Then the tire forces are used to build a concise dynamic model, which only needs to consider the single centroid's dynamics in a fixed direction of the vehicle body. Finally, an unscented Kalman filter estimator is developed further based on the articulated steering vehicle dynamics model for velocity estimation. The main contribution of this paper to the related literature lies in two aspects. On the one hand, by converting the velocity vectors of each vehicle body to a fixed coordinate system, a concise dynamic model is built to avoid complex calculations and high sensor costs. On the other hand, an additional moment equilibrium equation is introduced to assist the simplified estimator in calculating the asymmetric tire dynamics of articulated steering vehicle, which ensures the accuracy and universality of the method. The simulation results from ADAMS/MATLAB indicate that the proposed model can effectively reflect the dynamics of articulated steering vehicle even under obvious load transfer. In addition, the developed unscented Kalman filter estimator can obtain accurate and robust estimation results in several typical vehicle manoeuvres.
{"title":"An unscented Kalman filter based velocity estimation method for articulated steering vehicle using a novel dynamic model","authors":"Changlin Yang, Qingyuan Zhu, Qianjie Liu, Xuanwei Chen","doi":"10.1177/14644193231174775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193231174775","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel velocity estimation method for an articulated steering vehicle to improve the automation and safety of articulated steering vehicle. The estimation method process is done in three steps: First, the articulated steering vehicle's tire forces are calculated separately against articulated steering vehicle's asymmetric tire load transfers. Then the tire forces are used to build a concise dynamic model, which only needs to consider the single centroid's dynamics in a fixed direction of the vehicle body. Finally, an unscented Kalman filter estimator is developed further based on the articulated steering vehicle dynamics model for velocity estimation. The main contribution of this paper to the related literature lies in two aspects. On the one hand, by converting the velocity vectors of each vehicle body to a fixed coordinate system, a concise dynamic model is built to avoid complex calculations and high sensor costs. On the other hand, an additional moment equilibrium equation is introduced to assist the simplified estimator in calculating the asymmetric tire dynamics of articulated steering vehicle, which ensures the accuracy and universality of the method. The simulation results from ADAMS/MATLAB indicate that the proposed model can effectively reflect the dynamics of articulated steering vehicle even under obvious load transfer. In addition, the developed unscented Kalman filter estimator can obtain accurate and robust estimation results in several typical vehicle manoeuvres.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90884290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-21DOI: 10.1177/14644193231176640
Chunzheng Hu, H. Song, Yi Liu, Heng Liu, Fengtao Wang
This article provides a dynamic model of a cylindrical roller bearing–rotor system by combining the finite element method of the rotor and the interaction between the components of the bearing to study the dynamic response of the rotor with asymmetric support mode. The shaft is discretized by beam elements with five degrees of freedom. The bearing inner ring is consolidated with the journal of the shaft. The simulation results show that variable compliance vibration can stimulate resonance of the rotor in the sub-critical speed region. The variable compliance vibration of the rolling bearings does not occur synchronously on both sides of the asymmetric supported rotor. The increase in radial load and clearance exacerbates variable compliance vibration, while rotor imbalance has a smaller impact on variable compliance vibration. Usually, the presented coupled model can be applied to the comprehensive analysis of the vibration characteristics of all components in any cylindrical roller bearing–rotor system.
{"title":"Dynamic characteristics of asymmetrically supported cylindrical roller bearing–rotor coupled system considering variable compliance vibration","authors":"Chunzheng Hu, H. Song, Yi Liu, Heng Liu, Fengtao Wang","doi":"10.1177/14644193231176640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193231176640","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a dynamic model of a cylindrical roller bearing–rotor system by combining the finite element method of the rotor and the interaction between the components of the bearing to study the dynamic response of the rotor with asymmetric support mode. The shaft is discretized by beam elements with five degrees of freedom. The bearing inner ring is consolidated with the journal of the shaft. The simulation results show that variable compliance vibration can stimulate resonance of the rotor in the sub-critical speed region. The variable compliance vibration of the rolling bearings does not occur synchronously on both sides of the asymmetric supported rotor. The increase in radial load and clearance exacerbates variable compliance vibration, while rotor imbalance has a smaller impact on variable compliance vibration. Usually, the presented coupled model can be applied to the comprehensive analysis of the vibration characteristics of all components in any cylindrical roller bearing–rotor system.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83044426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.1177/14644193231176606
Samira Deylaghian, H. Mirzaeinejad
The anti-lock braking system (ABS) adjusts the longitudinal wheel slip at its optimum value to achieve the maximum braking forces. The highest braking force capacity happens at a specific slip value and depends on the friction coefficient between the tire and the road, vertical tire force, and vehicle speed. Hence, using a fixed value for the desired longitudinal slip is not appropriate. To solve this problem, the instantaneous optimum wheel slip is determined via the sliding mode-based extremum seeking algorithm in combination with the fuzzy method to achieve the maximum possible brake deceleration. Then the nonlinear prediction-based controller is designed to find the braking torque by adjusting the longitudinal slip in the calculated desired value. In addition, a nonlinear half-vehicle model considering pitch dynamics is developed and validated with the Carsim software. The main contribution of the present work involves the combination of the optimal nonlinear predictive control method with the fuzzy extremum seeking algorithm to design a wheel slip controller. Additionally, the pitch dynamics has been taken into account in the design of the control system. The performance of the designed control system is investigated through conducted simulations in Matlab/Simulink software environment. The obtained results show an enhancement in the braking performance along with a considerable reduction in the stopping distance.
{"title":"Instantaneous optimum wheel slip estimation of anti-lock braking system based on extremum seeking algorithm and fuzzy method","authors":"Samira Deylaghian, H. Mirzaeinejad","doi":"10.1177/14644193231176606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193231176606","url":null,"abstract":"The anti-lock braking system (ABS) adjusts the longitudinal wheel slip at its optimum value to achieve the maximum braking forces. The highest braking force capacity happens at a specific slip value and depends on the friction coefficient between the tire and the road, vertical tire force, and vehicle speed. Hence, using a fixed value for the desired longitudinal slip is not appropriate. To solve this problem, the instantaneous optimum wheel slip is determined via the sliding mode-based extremum seeking algorithm in combination with the fuzzy method to achieve the maximum possible brake deceleration. Then the nonlinear prediction-based controller is designed to find the braking torque by adjusting the longitudinal slip in the calculated desired value. In addition, a nonlinear half-vehicle model considering pitch dynamics is developed and validated with the Carsim software. The main contribution of the present work involves the combination of the optimal nonlinear predictive control method with the fuzzy extremum seeking algorithm to design a wheel slip controller. Additionally, the pitch dynamics has been taken into account in the design of the control system. The performance of the designed control system is investigated through conducted simulations in Matlab/Simulink software environment. The obtained results show an enhancement in the braking performance along with a considerable reduction in the stopping distance.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82165745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1177/14644193231173025
Ruihao Peng, Pan Fang, Liming Yang, N. Chen, Xiaohai Zhao
In the petroleum drilling industry, the smoothly functioning vibrating screens play a critical role in control of solid–liquid and recovery of drilling fluid. Due to the mechanical coupling, the surface of the vibrating screen tends to produce unbalanced swings, which makes the motion trajectory inconsistent with the situation at the center of mass, thus affecting the screening efficiency. In order to reveal the reasons for the unbalanced swings of the vibration system and the principle of the trajectory equilibrium characteristics (TECs), the self-synchronization characteristics of two eccentric rotors (ERs) driven by elliptical trajectory dual-motor vibrating system are investigated. The kinematic differential equations of the vibration system are determined by the Lagrange method. Then, the conditions of synchronization and stability of the vibration system are determined, respectively, by the small parameter average approach and the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. Subsequently, the impact of the structural parameters about the synchronization stability is examined by numerical discussion. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the theoretical research is confirmed by comparing the results between dynamics simulation and experiment under different structural parameters. Finally, by focusing on the analysis of the trajectories of different measuring points in the experiment, the relevant conclusions on how to reduce the unbalanced swings and maintain the TECs of the vibration system are obtained. The elliptical trajectory form of the system is most affected by the motor installation angle and installation distance in vibrating body, while less affected by the installation deflection angle and installation offset distance between the motors. In addition, the elliptical trajectories of the oscillating body are in a good equilibrium when reducing the swing angle of the vibration system, in other words, increasing the installation angle and reducing the installation distance of the exciters in the stable state.
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental study for implementation of the elliptical trajectory in dual-motor vibration system","authors":"Ruihao Peng, Pan Fang, Liming Yang, N. Chen, Xiaohai Zhao","doi":"10.1177/14644193231173025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644193231173025","url":null,"abstract":"In the petroleum drilling industry, the smoothly functioning vibrating screens play a critical role in control of solid–liquid and recovery of drilling fluid. Due to the mechanical coupling, the surface of the vibrating screen tends to produce unbalanced swings, which makes the motion trajectory inconsistent with the situation at the center of mass, thus affecting the screening efficiency. In order to reveal the reasons for the unbalanced swings of the vibration system and the principle of the trajectory equilibrium characteristics (TECs), the self-synchronization characteristics of two eccentric rotors (ERs) driven by elliptical trajectory dual-motor vibrating system are investigated. The kinematic differential equations of the vibration system are determined by the Lagrange method. Then, the conditions of synchronization and stability of the vibration system are determined, respectively, by the small parameter average approach and the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. Subsequently, the impact of the structural parameters about the synchronization stability is examined by numerical discussion. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the theoretical research is confirmed by comparing the results between dynamics simulation and experiment under different structural parameters. Finally, by focusing on the analysis of the trajectories of different measuring points in the experiment, the relevant conclusions on how to reduce the unbalanced swings and maintain the TECs of the vibration system are obtained. The elliptical trajectory form of the system is most affected by the motor installation angle and installation distance in vibrating body, while less affected by the installation deflection angle and installation offset distance between the motors. In addition, the elliptical trajectories of the oscillating body are in a good equilibrium when reducing the swing angle of the vibration system, in other words, increasing the installation angle and reducing the installation distance of the exciters in the stable state.","PeriodicalId":54565,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K-Journal of Multi-Body Dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82374643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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