A nonlinear finite element-macro-element-based multipurpose algorithm to simulate the reinforced concrete (RC) structural members (SMs) “RC-SMs” such as columns, beams, beam-columns, and shear walls under cyclic combined loading is proposed which can be applied for several different types of loading. In the proposed algorithm, the SMs are divided into an appropriate number of macro-elements (MEs) and the surfaces of the critical sections are discretized into a large number of fixed rectangular finite fibers. The proposed algorithm has been validated by comparing the simulated results to the results of the experimental test on full-scale RC-SMs. To illustrate the influence of mechanical properties of materials, the influences of reinforcement percentage, the lateral force orientation angle, and the axial force on the behavior of the SM, a parametric study has been performed. The parametric study allows one to optimize the choices in compliance with the safety and economic criteria in building construction projects. Furthermore, the application of the proposed algorithm illustrates how a heavy axial force makes the SMs brittle, reduces the ductility, imposes a large amount of material loss, and causes the quick failure of the SM.
{"title":"Multipurpose algorithm to simulate RC structural members: A finite element macro modeling","authors":"K. Sadeghi, Fatemeh Nouban","doi":"10.1680/jstbu.22.00220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.22.00220","url":null,"abstract":"A nonlinear finite element-macro-element-based multipurpose algorithm to simulate the reinforced concrete (RC) structural members (SMs) “RC-SMs” such as columns, beams, beam-columns, and shear walls under cyclic combined loading is proposed which can be applied for several different types of loading. In the proposed algorithm, the SMs are divided into an appropriate number of macro-elements (MEs) and the surfaces of the critical sections are discretized into a large number of fixed rectangular finite fibers. The proposed algorithm has been validated by comparing the simulated results to the results of the experimental test on full-scale RC-SMs. To illustrate the influence of mechanical properties of materials, the influences of reinforcement percentage, the lateral force orientation angle, and the axial force on the behavior of the SM, a parametric study has been performed. The parametric study allows one to optimize the choices in compliance with the safety and economic criteria in building construction projects. Furthermore, the application of the proposed algorithm illustrates how a heavy axial force makes the SMs brittle, reduces the ductility, imposes a large amount of material loss, and causes the quick failure of the SM.","PeriodicalId":54570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74437121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evangelia Frangedaki, L. Sardone, G. Marano, N. Lagaros
Digital tools (DTs) and services relying on the digital technology are becoming more pervasive, with a widespread in many different stages of the design process of structures. In this study, design optimisation from the perspective of architectural and structural engineering design is explored. Although, until recent years, optimisation was recognized as a “tough” mathematical tool, it's evolution in usability and efficiency made it attractive for improving architectural design from the earliest stages of the design approach. Specialized digital tools able to support all structural engineering optimizing requirements, are rather difficult to be developed, but instead customized structural design optimisation services have recently appeared. This work presents different strategies for parametrising distinctive variables involved in the definition of each architectural synthesis, which are defined as the main goal in the Architectural Design Optimisation (ADO) and the Structural Design Optimisation (SDO). Subsequently a review of optimisation processes and optimisation tools in the field Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) is provided. Recent paradigms from the built environment in which parametric optimisation procedures have been applied in real world design practice are presented.
{"title":"Optimisation driven design in architectural, engineering and construction industry: an overview","authors":"Evangelia Frangedaki, L. Sardone, G. Marano, N. Lagaros","doi":"10.1680/jstbu.22.00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.22.00032","url":null,"abstract":"Digital tools (DTs) and services relying on the digital technology are becoming more pervasive, with a widespread in many different stages of the design process of structures. In this study, design optimisation from the perspective of architectural and structural engineering design is explored. Although, until recent years, optimisation was recognized as a “tough” mathematical tool, it's evolution in usability and efficiency made it attractive for improving architectural design from the earliest stages of the design approach. Specialized digital tools able to support all structural engineering optimizing requirements, are rather difficult to be developed, but instead customized structural design optimisation services have recently appeared. This work presents different strategies for parametrising distinctive variables involved in the definition of each architectural synthesis, which are defined as the main goal in the Architectural Design Optimisation (ADO) and the Structural Design Optimisation (SDO). Subsequently a review of optimisation processes and optimisation tools in the field Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) is provided. Recent paradigms from the built environment in which parametric optimisation procedures have been applied in real world design practice are presented.","PeriodicalId":54570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90563772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A brief commentary on my route to Fellowship of the Institution of Civil Engineers","authors":"K. Cashell","doi":"10.1680/jstbu.22.00196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.22.00196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75285918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng-Fa Gao, Y. Guo, H. Hou, Pengying Wang, S. Wang
The paper analyzes the assembly process by the example of assembly-modular containers using building information modeling technologies. This paper simulates a 3D model of the Huoshenshan Hospital with a description of the assembly mechanism process based on information modeling of prefabricated buildings. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the sources on prefabricated houses and explore the concept of creating a digital prototype of a building based on Huoshenshan Hospital, using the Autodesk Revit software. The article describes the methodology of installing modular containers and assembly structures using building information modeling technologies to improve rapid construction technology. The study results showed that building object implementation directly depends on a proper model with a step-by-step mechanism for installation, which can reduce the initial project cost due to the supply of prefabricated structures on the construction site, as well as reduce the project time. The prefabricated house technology demonstrated the high efficiency of using information technology in the assembly of the Huoshenshan Hospital, with which the simulated facility was implemented in 10 days. The need for information modeling data exchange with modern gadgets and systems is investigated, which allows one to get acquainted with the object at the construction site before installation work start.
{"title":"Assembly process based on supply chain management of prefabricated houses using building information modeling","authors":"Meng-Fa Gao, Y. Guo, H. Hou, Pengying Wang, S. Wang","doi":"10.1680/jstbu.22.00153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.22.00153","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the assembly process by the example of assembly-modular containers using building information modeling technologies. This paper simulates a 3D model of the Huoshenshan Hospital with a description of the assembly mechanism process based on information modeling of prefabricated buildings. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the sources on prefabricated houses and explore the concept of creating a digital prototype of a building based on Huoshenshan Hospital, using the Autodesk Revit software. The article describes the methodology of installing modular containers and assembly structures using building information modeling technologies to improve rapid construction technology. The study results showed that building object implementation directly depends on a proper model with a step-by-step mechanism for installation, which can reduce the initial project cost due to the supply of prefabricated structures on the construction site, as well as reduce the project time. The prefabricated house technology demonstrated the high efficiency of using information technology in the assembly of the Huoshenshan Hospital, with which the simulated facility was implemented in 10 days. The need for information modeling data exchange with modern gadgets and systems is investigated, which allows one to get acquainted with the object at the construction site before installation work start.","PeriodicalId":54570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83168271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhang Kexin, Liu Dachao, He Liu, Xue Xingwei, Fei Teng
The mechanical properties of cooperative system bridges are complex. This paper describes the construction monitoring and load tests of a cable-stayed and arch cooperative bridge. The cable force, girder stress, and arch alignment were monitored during construction to ensure the safety of the bridge structure and attain the intended internal force state in the completed bridge. Meanwhile, static and dynamic load tests were performed after completing the bridge to test its bearing capacity. The construction monitoring observations indicated that the cable force and suspender force change of the bridge during construction were generally consistent with theoretical calculations. The measured cable force of cable C01 was between 2155 and 3085 kN, and the measured value of suspender LS15 was between 980 and 1250 kN; these values conform to the laws of mechanics. The load test results demonstrated that the maximum deflection of the mid-span section of the girder was 5.8 mm, which was less than the theoretical value (6.3 mm). The measured impact coefficients of the bridge under four sets of working conditions based on dynamic load testing were similar to the computed results. These results confirm that the girder has sufficient structural stiffness.
{"title":"Construction Verification of a Cable-Stayed Arch Cooperative Bridge in China","authors":"Zhang Kexin, Liu Dachao, He Liu, Xue Xingwei, Fei Teng","doi":"10.1680/jstbu.22.00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.22.00029","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical properties of cooperative system bridges are complex. This paper describes the construction monitoring and load tests of a cable-stayed and arch cooperative bridge. The cable force, girder stress, and arch alignment were monitored during construction to ensure the safety of the bridge structure and attain the intended internal force state in the completed bridge. Meanwhile, static and dynamic load tests were performed after completing the bridge to test its bearing capacity. The construction monitoring observations indicated that the cable force and suspender force change of the bridge during construction were generally consistent with theoretical calculations. The measured cable force of cable C01 was between 2155 and 3085 kN, and the measured value of suspender LS15 was between 980 and 1250 kN; these values conform to the laws of mechanics. The load test results demonstrated that the maximum deflection of the mid-span section of the girder was 5.8 mm, which was less than the theoretical value (6.3 mm). The measured impact coefficients of the bridge under four sets of working conditions based on dynamic load testing were similar to the computed results. These results confirm that the girder has sufficient structural stiffness.","PeriodicalId":54570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72539497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unbonded Fiber-reinforced Elastomeric Isolator (UFREI) as laminated elastomeric isolator is a relatively new approach to base-isolation devices with improved efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ease. Base-isolated structures also become more susceptible to wind loads due to an increase in the period of the structure, and UFREIs have been found to be effective in mitigating occasional wind loads on isolated structures with the help of supplemental devices. This study investigates the multi-hazard response of the benchmark structures isolated using UFREIs under several hazards over a period of time. Hazard timelines consisting of probable prominent seismic and long-term wind events are generated for the analysis. Since fiber layers in UFREI are flexible in bending, the bond strength demand between elastomer and fiber layer decreases by a huge margin which delays any delamination failure. Thus, fatigue losses in the elastomer layers are used to characterize the damage induced in the UFREI due to multiple hazards throughout the timeline. Maximum principal strain in elastomer layers at various displacement amplitudes is calculated using finite element modeling, and it is further used to characterize the fatigue damage in elastomer layers. The final fatigue life of the designed UFREI is predicted using the obtained damage indices.
{"title":"Multihazard Response of Unbonded Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolator-Isolated Structures","authors":"Shivanhalli Prakash, R. S. Jangid","doi":"10.1680/jstbu.22.00170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.22.00170","url":null,"abstract":"Unbonded Fiber-reinforced Elastomeric Isolator (UFREI) as laminated elastomeric isolator is a relatively new approach to base-isolation devices with improved efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ease. Base-isolated structures also become more susceptible to wind loads due to an increase in the period of the structure, and UFREIs have been found to be effective in mitigating occasional wind loads on isolated structures with the help of supplemental devices. This study investigates the multi-hazard response of the benchmark structures isolated using UFREIs under several hazards over a period of time. Hazard timelines consisting of probable prominent seismic and long-term wind events are generated for the analysis. Since fiber layers in UFREI are flexible in bending, the bond strength demand between elastomer and fiber layer decreases by a huge margin which delays any delamination failure. Thus, fatigue losses in the elastomer layers are used to characterize the damage induced in the UFREI due to multiple hazards throughout the timeline. Maximum principal strain in elastomer layers at various displacement amplitudes is calculated using finite element modeling, and it is further used to characterize the fatigue damage in elastomer layers. The final fatigue life of the designed UFREI is predicted using the obtained damage indices.","PeriodicalId":54570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83892167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bayraktar, Arif Erdiş, Altok Kurşun, Yavuzhan Tas, M. Akköse
Cable-stayed bridges are flexible and complex structures. Impact-induced vibrations may play an important role on the behaviors of the structural elements. Many efforts have been devoted to clarifying the experimental static and dynamic responses of cable-stayed bridges. However, experimental dynamic responses of structural elements of cable-stayed bridges under impact-induced vibrations have not been addressed widely in the literature. The paper focuses on the real experimental dynamic behaviors of cables, deck, and pylon in cable-stayed bridges under impact-induced vibration effects due to fully loaded trucks passing over a bump positioned on the deck center. The tests have been implemented on the new Kömürhan cable-stayed bridge under the passage of two-40 ton trucks. The thickness of the timber bumps and speed of the trucks are selected as 50mm and 30km/h, respectively. The dynamic responses of the structural elements have been recorded using load cells, 2D and 3D accelerometers. Forces, accelerations and frequencies of the main and back span cables, and acceleration responses of deck and pylon recorded with and without impact effects are evaluated and compared with each other. Significant impact-induced amplification ratios on the responses of the main and back span cables, deck and pylon are observed on the selected bridge.
{"title":"Impact-induced vibration effects on the real dynamic behavior of cable-stayed bridges","authors":"A. Bayraktar, Arif Erdiş, Altok Kurşun, Yavuzhan Tas, M. Akköse","doi":"10.1680/jstbu.21.00186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.21.00186","url":null,"abstract":"Cable-stayed bridges are flexible and complex structures. Impact-induced vibrations may play an important role on the behaviors of the structural elements. Many efforts have been devoted to clarifying the experimental static and dynamic responses of cable-stayed bridges. However, experimental dynamic responses of structural elements of cable-stayed bridges under impact-induced vibrations have not been addressed widely in the literature. The paper focuses on the real experimental dynamic behaviors of cables, deck, and pylon in cable-stayed bridges under impact-induced vibration effects due to fully loaded trucks passing over a bump positioned on the deck center. The tests have been implemented on the new Kömürhan cable-stayed bridge under the passage of two-40 ton trucks. The thickness of the timber bumps and speed of the trucks are selected as 50mm and 30km/h, respectively. The dynamic responses of the structural elements have been recorded using load cells, 2D and 3D accelerometers. Forces, accelerations and frequencies of the main and back span cables, and acceleration responses of deck and pylon recorded with and without impact effects are evaluated and compared with each other. Significant impact-induced amplification ratios on the responses of the main and back span cables, deck and pylon are observed on the selected bridge.","PeriodicalId":54570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79716050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Vougioukas, G. Kotsovos, Apostolos Roulias, M. Kotsovos
The deviation of the flexural reinforcement spacing from code specifications appears to underly the causes of loss of bond between concrete and steel which preceded the unexpected collapse of the top-floor balcony of a building under service loading conditions on 15th October 2021 in Athens. Although rare, loss of bond has also been identified as the cause of collapse of buildings under similar conditions in the U.K. and Canada. Yet, Codes of Practice for reinforced concrete design neither make reference to the effect of loss of bond on structural behaviour, nor include loss of bond in the parameters which the formulae currently used for assessing load-carrying capacity are dependent on. In view of the above, the paper provides a description of the effect of loss of bond on the function of reinforced-concrete beams and this description is used as the basis for the derivation of a formula linking loss of bond with load-carrying capacity. The validity of the proposed formula is verified through the use of published experimental information on the subject and applied for the structural assessment of the collapsed balcony taking into account design details, physical state and loading conditions of structural members similar to that which collapsed.
{"title":"Effect of loss of bond on the behaviour of RC beams under service loading conditions","authors":"E. Vougioukas, G. Kotsovos, Apostolos Roulias, M. Kotsovos","doi":"10.1680/jstbu.22.00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.22.00181","url":null,"abstract":"The deviation of the flexural reinforcement spacing from code specifications appears to underly the causes of loss of bond between concrete and steel which preceded the unexpected collapse of the top-floor balcony of a building under service loading conditions on 15th October 2021 in Athens. Although rare, loss of bond has also been identified as the cause of collapse of buildings under similar conditions in the U.K. and Canada. Yet, Codes of Practice for reinforced concrete design neither make reference to the effect of loss of bond on structural behaviour, nor include loss of bond in the parameters which the formulae currently used for assessing load-carrying capacity are dependent on. In view of the above, the paper provides a description of the effect of loss of bond on the function of reinforced-concrete beams and this description is used as the basis for the derivation of a formula linking loss of bond with load-carrying capacity. The validity of the proposed formula is verified through the use of published experimental information on the subject and applied for the structural assessment of the collapsed balcony taking into account design details, physical state and loading conditions of structural members similar to that which collapsed.","PeriodicalId":54570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81679741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the industrial revolution, civil engineers who have created a built environment for a civilisation that is based on fossil fuel have been admired. For over 250 years engineers have been educated and trained for the ‘upslope’ of using ever more carbon to fuel engineering needs. But now there is an urgent requirement to enter an era which is an order of magnitude shorter, and which is on the steep ‘downslope’ towards net-zero carbon by 2050, or earlier. The difference between what it means to be an engineer on the ‘upslope’ and what it means to be engineer on the ‘downslope’ is colossally different. The first step for all educators is to realise this, to embrace it, and to be part of the solution by instilling a ‘downslope’ mentality in engineering students. Recently, the Joint Board of Moderators (JBM) has reviewed and updated its guidelines for universities. It has placed the climate emergency central to the education of future civil engineers. This paper describes the background to, and details of, the changes which have been made by JBM. Given that creativity is enhanced further through these additional challenges, what could possibly be more exciting for engineering students of today than knowing that they will lead the profession in achieving massive reductions in emissions, to the benefit of all humanity? The JBM, and society, require of civil engineering education that this ambition is fulfilled.
{"title":"The climate is right for a fundamental change in civil engineering education","authors":"T. Ibell, N. Russell","doi":"10.1680/jstbu.21.00149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.21.00149","url":null,"abstract":"Since the industrial revolution, civil engineers who have created a built environment for a civilisation that is based on fossil fuel have been admired. For over 250 years engineers have been educated and trained for the ‘upslope’ of using ever more carbon to fuel engineering needs. But now there is an urgent requirement to enter an era which is an order of magnitude shorter, and which is on the steep ‘downslope’ towards net-zero carbon by 2050, or earlier. The difference between what it means to be an engineer on the ‘upslope’ and what it means to be engineer on the ‘downslope’ is colossally different. The first step for all educators is to realise this, to embrace it, and to be part of the solution by instilling a ‘downslope’ mentality in engineering students. Recently, the Joint Board of Moderators (JBM) has reviewed and updated its guidelines for universities. It has placed the climate emergency central to the education of future civil engineers. This paper describes the background to, and details of, the changes which have been made by JBM. Given that creativity is enhanced further through these additional challenges, what could possibly be more exciting for engineering students of today than knowing that they will lead the profession in achieving massive reductions in emissions, to the benefit of all humanity? The JBM, and society, require of civil engineering education that this ambition is fulfilled.","PeriodicalId":54570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79248935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guo Chen, Enhao Zhang, Di Wu, Chang Wang, Tong Zhou
Experiments on connections were done to evaluate the effect of shank diameter, shank type, penetration depth, and insertion direction on the nail-holding behaviour of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL). It is found that shank type of fasteners has significant effect on failure modes. Nails were pulled out directly from the LBL without other visible damage due to smooth shank, while the bamboo fibers around the screws were tore under the action of screw thread. The load-slip curves of specimens are linear up to the maximum load and relative slip between the fasteners and LBL is small at this stage. However, the post-peak performance of nails and screws varies significantly on the descending portion of the curves. The specimens with nails inserted parallel to grain have the lowest withdrawal capacity, followed by those of the tangential and radial directions. As expected, the withdrawal capacity of the specimens increases linearly with the increase of the embedment depth and shank diameter. The measured load-slip curves were recorded and compared with the existing theoretical models. Results show that the Yuan and Ling model can be used to predict the load-slip relationship of the withdrawal behaviour of nails and screws in LBL respectively.
{"title":"Withdrawal behaviour of mechanical fasteners on laminated bamboo lumber","authors":"Guo Chen, Enhao Zhang, Di Wu, Chang Wang, Tong Zhou","doi":"10.1680/jstbu.22.00118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.22.00118","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments on connections were done to evaluate the effect of shank diameter, shank type, penetration depth, and insertion direction on the nail-holding behaviour of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL). It is found that shank type of fasteners has significant effect on failure modes. Nails were pulled out directly from the LBL without other visible damage due to smooth shank, while the bamboo fibers around the screws were tore under the action of screw thread. The load-slip curves of specimens are linear up to the maximum load and relative slip between the fasteners and LBL is small at this stage. However, the post-peak performance of nails and screws varies significantly on the descending portion of the curves. The specimens with nails inserted parallel to grain have the lowest withdrawal capacity, followed by those of the tangential and radial directions. As expected, the withdrawal capacity of the specimens increases linearly with the increase of the embedment depth and shank diameter. The measured load-slip curves were recorded and compared with the existing theoretical models. Results show that the Yuan and Ling model can be used to predict the load-slip relationship of the withdrawal behaviour of nails and screws in LBL respectively.","PeriodicalId":54570,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89277096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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