Pub Date : 1938-01-01DOI: 10.1109/jrproc.1938.228123
{"title":"Radio Progress during 1937: Part III - Report by the Technical Committee on Radio Receivers","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/jrproc.1938.228123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1938.228123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54574,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","volume":"36 1","pages":"291-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1938-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/jrproc.1938.228123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62306995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1938-01-01DOI: 10.1109/jrproc.1938.228492
F. E. Terman, J. R. Woodyard
A method of applying impedance inversion to the grid-modulated amplifier is described. Two tubes are employed in the modulated stage with their plate circuits connected through the electrical equivalent of a quarter-wave transmission line, and the modulating voltage is applied to the grids in series with the grid bias. By this means, high efficiency and large power output per tube are obtained. Efficiences of 65 to 80 per cent are readily secured during both modulated and unmodulated intervals as compared with 60 to 65 per cent for the high-efficiency linear amplifier. The output per tube is also greater than that of the high-efficiency linear amplifier. Only a small amount of modulating power is required, and this system is particularly adaptable to negative feedback. The effect of the impedance-inverting network on modulated waves is discussed. A simplified method of adjusting the tuned circuits of the impedance inverter is described. Formulas are derived for output and efficiency for both the high-efficiency grid modulator and the high-efficiency linear amplifier.
{"title":"A High-Efficiency Grid-Modulated Amplifier","authors":"F. E. Terman, J. R. Woodyard","doi":"10.1109/jrproc.1938.228492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1938.228492","url":null,"abstract":"A method of applying impedance inversion to the grid-modulated amplifier is described. Two tubes are employed in the modulated stage with their plate circuits connected through the electrical equivalent of a quarter-wave transmission line, and the modulating voltage is applied to the grids in series with the grid bias. By this means, high efficiency and large power output per tube are obtained. Efficiences of 65 to 80 per cent are readily secured during both modulated and unmodulated intervals as compared with 60 to 65 per cent for the high-efficiency linear amplifier. The output per tube is also greater than that of the high-efficiency linear amplifier. Only a small amount of modulating power is required, and this system is particularly adaptable to negative feedback. The effect of the impedance-inverting network on modulated waves is discussed. A simplified method of adjusting the tuned circuits of the impedance inverter is described. Formulas are derived for output and efficiency for both the high-efficiency grid modulator and the high-efficiency linear amplifier.","PeriodicalId":54574,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"929-945"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1938-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/jrproc.1938.228492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62307773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1938-01-01DOI: 10.1109/jrproc.1938.228687
{"title":"Report of Committee on Radio Wave Propagation","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/jrproc.1938.228687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1938.228687","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54574,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"1193-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1938-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/jrproc.1938.228687","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62308391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1938-01-01DOI: 10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228621
E. Kramar, W. Hahnemann
Part I. Proceeding from the present state of the art of air navigation in the United States and in Germany, the ultra-short-wave instrument landing system in Europe is described. The fundamental principle and the technical improvements are mentioned and practical statements and views are given. Mention is made of the experience gained in the operation of the beacon. The conditions of inversion of the signals one into the other to avoid clicking are stated. The occurrence of split beams is dealt with. Their causes are explained and advice as to how to avoid such trouble is given. In the operation of neighboring beacons, disturbed zones will occur which, by choosing the proper frequency spacing and the proper selectivity of the receivers, may be restricted to such an extent that they will not impair the use of radio beacons in any way. These problems are discussed more in detail. Part II. At first the propagation of ultra-short waves is treated on the basis of the theory of combining reflection and diffraction on the earth with respect to their application to long-range navigation. It results that for a fixed distance and flying height an optimum wave length range exists allowing the airplane to cover ranges of 250 kilometers and more. The investigation of propagation results in the possibility of long-range navigation by means of ultra-short-wave beacons. The experiments made in Australia gave very encouraging results.
{"title":"The Ultra-Short-Wave Guide-Ray Beacon and Its Application","authors":"E. Kramar, W. Hahnemann","doi":"10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228621","url":null,"abstract":"Part I. Proceeding from the present state of the art of air navigation in the United States and in Germany, the ultra-short-wave instrument landing system in Europe is described. The fundamental principle and the technical improvements are mentioned and practical statements and views are given. Mention is made of the experience gained in the operation of the beacon. The conditions of inversion of the signals one into the other to avoid clicking are stated. The occurrence of split beams is dealt with. Their causes are explained and advice as to how to avoid such trouble is given. In the operation of neighboring beacons, disturbed zones will occur which, by choosing the proper frequency spacing and the proper selectivity of the receivers, may be restricted to such an extent that they will not impair the use of radio beacons in any way. These problems are discussed more in detail. Part II. At first the propagation of ultra-short waves is treated on the basis of the theory of combining reflection and diffraction on the earth with respect to their application to long-range navigation. It results that for a fixed distance and flying height an optimum wave length range exists allowing the airplane to cover ranges of 250 kilometers and more. The investigation of propagation results in the possibility of long-range navigation by means of ultra-short-wave beacons. The experiments made in Australia gave very encouraging results.","PeriodicalId":54574,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"17-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1938-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62308289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1938-01-01DOI: 10.1109/jrproc.1938.228124
{"title":"Radio Progress during 1937: Part IV - Report by the Technical Committee on Television and Facsimile","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/jrproc.1938.228124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1938.228124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54574,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"298-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1938-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/jrproc.1938.228124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62307526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1938-01-01DOI: 10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228671
T. R. Gilliland, S. S. Kirby, N. Smith, S. E. Reymer
Data on the ordinary-wave critical frequencies and virtual heights of the ionospheric layers are presented for the period indicated in the title. The monthly average values of the maximum usable frequencies for undisturbed days, for radio transmission by way of the regular layers is also provided.
{"title":"Characteristics of the Ionosphere at Washington, D.C., November, 1937","authors":"T. R. Gilliland, S. S. Kirby, N. Smith, S. E. Reymer","doi":"10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228671","url":null,"abstract":"Data on the ordinary-wave critical frequencies and virtual heights of the ionospheric layers are presented for the period indicated in the title. The monthly average values of the maximum usable frequencies for undisturbed days, for radio transmission by way of the regular layers is also provided.","PeriodicalId":54574,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"112-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1938-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62308376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1938-01-01DOI: 10.1109/jrproc.1937.228995
Provides a list of recent commercial literature received by the Institute.
提供研究所最近收到的商业文献清单。
{"title":"Booklets, catalogs and pamphlets received","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/jrproc.1937.228995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1937.228995","url":null,"abstract":"Provides a list of recent commercial literature received by the Institute.","PeriodicalId":54574,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"1037-1037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1938-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/jrproc.1937.228995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62307192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1938-01-01DOI: 10.1109/jrproc.1938.228275
Provides a list of recent commercial literature received by the Institute.
提供研究所最近收到的商业文献清单。
{"title":"Booklets, catalogs and pamphlets received","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/jrproc.1938.228275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1938.228275","url":null,"abstract":"Provides a list of recent commercial literature received by the Institute.","PeriodicalId":54574,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"488-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1938-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/jrproc.1938.228275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62307418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1938-01-01DOI: 10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228610
J. L. Callahan, R. Mathes, A. Kahn
The paper outlines certain methods of multiplexing telegraphic signals on a common communication channel and the factors governing the application of these methods to radio circuits. The recently developed trend toward the use of multiplex methods in radiotelegraphic service is discussed. Consideration is given to the advantages of using the time division method based on the baud, at least at the present state of the radio art. General specifications for the equipment are stated, based on practical operating requirements. Major changes from practices obtaining on wire-line multiplex systems are mentioned and the reasons therefor are given. A description of a practical system based on the above considerations and its use and effectiveness in a large radiotelegraph organization is furnished.
{"title":"Time-Division Multiplex in Radiotelegraphic Practice","authors":"J. L. Callahan, R. Mathes, A. Kahn","doi":"10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228610","url":null,"abstract":"The paper outlines certain methods of multiplexing telegraphic signals on a common communication channel and the factors governing the application of these methods to radio circuits. The recently developed trend toward the use of multiplex methods in radiotelegraphic service is discussed. Consideration is given to the advantages of using the time division method based on the baud, at least at the present state of the radio art. General specifications for the equipment are stated, based on practical operating requirements. Major changes from practices obtaining on wire-line multiplex systems are mentioned and the reasons therefor are given. A description of a practical system based on the above considerations and its use and effectiveness in a large radiotelegraph organization is furnished.","PeriodicalId":54574,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"55-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1938-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62308276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1938-01-01DOI: 10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228669
F.W. Frink
By means of cathode-ray oscillograms and mathematical analyses the principal phenomena occurring in superregenerative receivers are explained. The results verify an earlier theory that in the separately quenched detector the received signal merely causes the detector to oscillate at maximum output for a longer period during each quench cycle, without increasing the maximum amplitude of the oscillations. It is also shown that in the self-quenched detector the signal merely produces an increase in the quench frequency, without increasing the maximum amplitude reached by the oscillations. The sensitivity, selectivity, and characteristic noise of superregenerative receivers are discussed.
{"title":"The Basic Principles of Super-Regenerative Reception","authors":"F.W. Frink","doi":"10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228669","url":null,"abstract":"By means of cathode-ray oscillograms and mathematical analyses the principal phenomena occurring in superregenerative receivers are explained. The results verify an earlier theory that in the separately quenched detector the received signal merely causes the detector to oscillate at maximum output for a longer period during each quench cycle, without increasing the maximum amplitude of the oscillations. It is also shown that in the self-quenched detector the signal merely produces an increase in the quench frequency, without increasing the maximum amplitude reached by the oscillations. The sensitivity, selectivity, and characteristic noise of superregenerative receivers are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54574,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers","volume":"31 1","pages":"76-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1938-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/JRPROC.1938.228669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62308324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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