Abstract I describe a new species of small microhylid frog from the southern versant of New Guinea that is characterized by its long and narrow proboscis, relatively large size and long legs, narrow discs on all fingers, hidden tympanum, and details of color pattern. This represents the twelfth species of long-snouted Choerophryne known and the third from the southern versant of the island's Central Dividing Range. It is only known from a single specimen, so phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships remain unassessed.
{"title":"A new species of Choerophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea","authors":"F. Kraus","doi":"10.2988/17-00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2988/17-00027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract I describe a new species of small microhylid frog from the southern versant of New Guinea that is characterized by its long and narrow proboscis, relatively large size and long legs, narrow discs on all fingers, hidden tympanum, and details of color pattern. This represents the twelfth species of long-snouted Choerophryne known and the third from the southern versant of the island's Central Dividing Range. It is only known from a single specimen, so phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships remain unassessed.","PeriodicalId":54578,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2988/17-00027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43020070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. R. De los Ríos-Escalante, E. Arancibia, J. Pérez-Schultheiss
Abstract The crustaceans of non-marine environments on Chilean oceanic islands have been poorly studied, principally due to their geographical isolation and difficult access. The aim of this study is to present a checklist of non-marine (non-hexapod) crustaceans on Chilean oceanic islands based on a review of the literature, with hopes of stimulating further research on this poorly known fauna. The checklist includes records of 27 species from Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Island archipelago, and reveals an absence of records from Sala y Gómez, San Ambrosio, and San Felix Islands.
智利海洋岛屿上非海洋环境的甲壳类动物的研究很少，主要是由于它们的地理隔离和难以进入。本研究的目的是在回顾文献的基础上，提出一份智利海洋岛屿上的非海洋(非六足动物)甲壳类动物清单，希望能促进对这种鲜为人知的动物群的进一步研究。该清单包括来自复活节岛和胡安Fernández岛群岛的27个物种的记录，并显示Sala y Gómez, San Ambrosio和San Felix群岛的记录缺失。
{"title":"A checklist of non-marine crustaceans from Chilean oceanic islands","authors":"P. R. De los Ríos-Escalante, E. Arancibia, J. Pérez-Schultheiss","doi":"10.2988/17-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2988/17-00007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The crustaceans of non-marine environments on Chilean oceanic islands have been poorly studied, principally due to their geographical isolation and difficult access. The aim of this study is to present a checklist of non-marine (non-hexapod) crustaceans on Chilean oceanic islands based on a review of the literature, with hopes of stimulating further research on this poorly known fauna. The checklist includes records of 27 species from Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Island archipelago, and reveals an absence of records from Sala y Gómez, San Ambrosio, and San Felix Islands.","PeriodicalId":54578,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2988/17-00007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43931630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. V. Randsø, M. Domenico, M. Herranz, E. Lorenzen, M. Sørensen
Abstract Barriers to gene flow in marine environments vary between species and are highly dependent on dispersal ability and habitat discontinuity. Intertidal sand and mud flats are discontinuous areas, separated by other habitat types along a coastline or by subtidal zones. The São Sebastião Channel in eastern Brazil, which is situated between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, harbors two intertidal mud flats where populations of the kinorhynch Echinoderes marthae are found, one on the mainland (Araçá Bay) and one on São Sebastião Island (Ilhabela). Here, we investigated the genetic structure of two E. marthae populations across the São Sebastião Channel, in order to contribute to the ongoing debate on biogeography of meiobenthic animals. Based on 628 bp of the mitochondrial CO1 gene, we find that E. marthae shows low levels of structure in the São Sebastião Channel (FST = 0.165), and find evidence of recent demographic expansion across populations.
{"title":"Population genetic structure of the intertidal kinorhynch Echinoderes marthae (Kinorhyncha; Cyclorhagida; Echinoderidae) across the São Sebastião Channel, Brazil","authors":"P. V. Randsø, M. Domenico, M. Herranz, E. Lorenzen, M. Sørensen","doi":"10.2988/17-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2988/17-00005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Barriers to gene flow in marine environments vary between species and are highly dependent on dispersal ability and habitat discontinuity. Intertidal sand and mud flats are discontinuous areas, separated by other habitat types along a coastline or by subtidal zones. The São Sebastião Channel in eastern Brazil, which is situated between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, harbors two intertidal mud flats where populations of the kinorhynch Echinoderes marthae are found, one on the mainland (Araçá Bay) and one on São Sebastião Island (Ilhabela). Here, we investigated the genetic structure of two E. marthae populations across the São Sebastião Channel, in order to contribute to the ongoing debate on biogeography of meiobenthic animals. Based on 628 bp of the mitochondrial CO1 gene, we find that E. marthae shows low levels of structure in the São Sebastião Channel (FST = 0.165), and find evidence of recent demographic expansion across populations.","PeriodicalId":54578,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2988/17-00005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42030764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Xenochrophis bellulus (Stolickza, 1871) was described as Tropidonotus bellulus based on a single specimen collected from Myanmar in the late 19th century. Since then the holotype has been lost, and the species has been transferred to several genera in the subfamily Natricinae including Natrix, Sinonatrix and finally Xenochrophis based on one museum specimen matching the original description. Herpetofaunal surveys of the Moyingyi Wildlife Sanctuary and vicinity, Bago Region, Myanmar revealed three individuals obtained in 2001 and 2003 that match the type description of X. bellulus. This small series of newly collected specimens allows us to redescribe this species based on all known material, provide a description of the hemipenis, designate a neotype and comment on its taxonomic status.
{"title":"Rediscovery of Xenochrophis bellulus (Stoliczka, 1871) from Myanmar (Serpentes: Natricinae) with comments on its taxonomic status","authors":"Justin L. Lee, G. Vogel, Aryeh H. Miller, G. Zug","doi":"10.2988/17-00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2988/17-00025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Xenochrophis bellulus (Stolickza, 1871) was described as Tropidonotus bellulus based on a single specimen collected from Myanmar in the late 19th century. Since then the holotype has been lost, and the species has been transferred to several genera in the subfamily Natricinae including Natrix, Sinonatrix and finally Xenochrophis based on one museum specimen matching the original description. Herpetofaunal surveys of the Moyingyi Wildlife Sanctuary and vicinity, Bago Region, Myanmar revealed three individuals obtained in 2001 and 2003 that match the type description of X. bellulus. This small series of newly collected specimens allows us to redescribe this species based on all known material, provide a description of the hemipenis, designate a neotype and comment on its taxonomic status.","PeriodicalId":54578,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2988/17-00025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44797958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obituary: Dr. John J. McDermott (1927–2017)","authors":"Jason D. Williams","doi":"10.2988/17-00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2988/17-00028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54578,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2988/17-00028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45034983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The biodiversity of the deep-sea of the Gulf of California has received some attention during the last two decades. Preliminary observations have revealed a high diversity of benthic and hyperbenthic copepods. Copepods of the genus Rhizothrix were found in sediment samples taken during the Talud X cruise in the Guaymas Basin. These specimens belong to a new species, Rhizothrix longiseta. The new species is related to R. quadriseta Wells, 1967 from Inhaca Island, Mozambique by the armature complement of the third exopodal segment of the second, third and fourth swimming legs, and of the second endopodal segment of the third swimming leg. The females of these two species can be distinguished by the armature complement of the second endopodal segment of the first and second swimming legs, by the relative length of the inner seta on the third exopodal segment of the second, third and fourth swimming legs, by the shape and number of setae on the exopod of the fifth leg, by the length:width ratio of the caudal rami, and by the number of segments of the antennule. This is the first record of the genus Rhizothrix from the deep-sea down to 1570 m depth, and is also the first record of the genus for Mexico. Additionally, R. reducta noodti Galhano, 1970 is given full species rank as R. noodti.
{"title":"A new record and a new species of the genus Rhizothrix (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Rhizothrichidae) from the deep sea of the Gulf of California","authors":"S. Gómez","doi":"10.2988/17-00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2988/17-00021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The biodiversity of the deep-sea of the Gulf of California has received some attention during the last two decades. Preliminary observations have revealed a high diversity of benthic and hyperbenthic copepods. Copepods of the genus Rhizothrix were found in sediment samples taken during the Talud X cruise in the Guaymas Basin. These specimens belong to a new species, Rhizothrix longiseta. The new species is related to R. quadriseta Wells, 1967 from Inhaca Island, Mozambique by the armature complement of the third exopodal segment of the second, third and fourth swimming legs, and of the second endopodal segment of the third swimming leg. The females of these two species can be distinguished by the armature complement of the second endopodal segment of the first and second swimming legs, by the relative length of the inner seta on the third exopodal segment of the second, third and fourth swimming legs, by the shape and number of setae on the exopod of the fifth leg, by the length:width ratio of the caudal rami, and by the number of segments of the antennule. This is the first record of the genus Rhizothrix from the deep-sea down to 1570 m depth, and is also the first record of the genus for Mexico. Additionally, R. reducta noodti Galhano, 1970 is given full species rank as R. noodti.","PeriodicalId":54578,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2988/17-00021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42517685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.2988/0006-324X-131.1.194
{"title":"Biological Society of Washington Annual Meeting, 1 June 2018","authors":"","doi":"10.2988/0006-324X-131.1.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-131.1.194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54578,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69657255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The mesoparasitic copepod Cardiodectes bellottii is described from specimens recovered from the myctophid fish, Benthosema glaciale in the Mediterranean Sea. Another parasitic copepod, found on the same host species, Cardiodectes meduseaus, exhibits identical external morphology, is conspecific with C. bellottii and is considered as a junior synonym.
{"title":"Cardiodectes medusaeus (Copepoda: Pennellidae) a synonym of Cardiodectes bellottii, a parasite of mid-water fishes in the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea","authors":"W. E. Hogans","doi":"10.2988/17-00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2988/17-00019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The mesoparasitic copepod Cardiodectes bellottii is described from specimens recovered from the myctophid fish, Benthosema glaciale in the Mediterranean Sea. Another parasitic copepod, found on the same host species, Cardiodectes meduseaus, exhibits identical external morphology, is conspecific with C. bellottii and is considered as a junior synonym.","PeriodicalId":54578,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2988/17-00019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47865907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Sexual dimorphism patterns in wing area, wing loading, and wing aspect ratio of Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) and Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) are unknown but are of particular interest given the prevalence of these species in scavenging communities in the Western Hemisphere. I assessed these variables in sexed specimens from wintering populations in Nashville, Tennessee. Black Vultures exhibited higher wing loading and a lower wing aspect ratio than Turkey Vultures. Neither species exhibited significant age-related or sexual dimorphism in body weight, wing span, wing area, wing loading, or wing aspect ratio. The relatively low variance observed in the pooled sample of immatures (∼9–21 mo old) and adults suggests that definitive wing size and shape are acquired several years before individuals develop the bare rugose skin and head caruncles characteristic of adults. In a broader context, this study tentatively suggests that variance estimates for wing morphology obtained from unsexed vulture populations may not be unduly inflated by undetected sexual or age-related dimorphism.
{"title":"Sexual monomorphism in wing loading and wing aspect ratio in Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) and Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura)","authors":"G. Graves","doi":"10.2988/17-00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2988/17-00018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sexual dimorphism patterns in wing area, wing loading, and wing aspect ratio of Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) and Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) are unknown but are of particular interest given the prevalence of these species in scavenging communities in the Western Hemisphere. I assessed these variables in sexed specimens from wintering populations in Nashville, Tennessee. Black Vultures exhibited higher wing loading and a lower wing aspect ratio than Turkey Vultures. Neither species exhibited significant age-related or sexual dimorphism in body weight, wing span, wing area, wing loading, or wing aspect ratio. The relatively low variance observed in the pooled sample of immatures (∼9–21 mo old) and adults suggests that definitive wing size and shape are acquired several years before individuals develop the bare rugose skin and head caruncles characteristic of adults. In a broader context, this study tentatively suggests that variance estimates for wing morphology obtained from unsexed vulture populations may not be unduly inflated by undetected sexual or age-related dimorphism.","PeriodicalId":54578,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2988/17-00018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45082486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in abundance, species richness, and diversity of epiphytic Gastrotricha in the littoral of a mesotrophic lake. The influence of pH and oxygen on their occurrence was also investigated. Gastrotricha occurred throughout the year: 27 species were identified together, and species richness varied at different seasons. The highest number of species on water vegetation was found in the summer (26 species), while in the winter season only 7 species were present. Species diversity expressed by the Shannon index, in spring, summer, and autumn was high and amounted 2.10, 2.37, and 2.31, respectively. In winter, the value of the index was significantly lower and amounted 0.59. Three species were found to be dominant from spring to autumn with the dominance over 9.0%: Heterolepidoderma macrops Kisielewski, 1981, H. ocellatum (Mečnikow, 1865), and Lepidodermella squamata (Dujardin, 1841). The GLM analysis revealed that number of collected species in spring, summer, and autumn does not depend either on season or on pH and oxygen content. The lowest density of gastrotrichs was found in winter (average of 33 10−3 indiv. m−2), whereas the highest was found in summer (average of 1392 10−3 indiv. m−2). The density differed with season and neither pH nor oxygen content had an effect upon gastrotrich densities.
{"title":"Seasonal changes in the diversity and abundance of epiphytic Gastrotricha","authors":"T. Nesteruk","doi":"10.2988/17-00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2988/17-00015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in abundance, species richness, and diversity of epiphytic Gastrotricha in the littoral of a mesotrophic lake. The influence of pH and oxygen on their occurrence was also investigated. Gastrotricha occurred throughout the year: 27 species were identified together, and species richness varied at different seasons. The highest number of species on water vegetation was found in the summer (26 species), while in the winter season only 7 species were present. Species diversity expressed by the Shannon index, in spring, summer, and autumn was high and amounted 2.10, 2.37, and 2.31, respectively. In winter, the value of the index was significantly lower and amounted 0.59. Three species were found to be dominant from spring to autumn with the dominance over 9.0%: Heterolepidoderma macrops Kisielewski, 1981, H. ocellatum (Mečnikow, 1865), and Lepidodermella squamata (Dujardin, 1841). The GLM analysis revealed that number of collected species in spring, summer, and autumn does not depend either on season or on pH and oxygen content. The lowest density of gastrotrichs was found in winter (average of 33 10−3 indiv. m−2), whereas the highest was found in summer (average of 1392 10−3 indiv. m−2). The density differed with season and neither pH nor oxygen content had an effect upon gastrotrich densities.","PeriodicalId":54578,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2988/17-00015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44988134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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