ABSTRACT. Five Gobio species viz. G. battalgilae, G. gymnostethus, G. hettitorum, G. insuyanus and G. microlepidotus inhabit the Konya endorheic basin. Some studies have suggested the synonymy of G. battalgilae and G. microlepidotus based on molecular characters. Therefore, this study aimed to test the hypothesis of synonymy of G. battalgilae and G. microlepidotus. Based on our results, the morphometric and meristic characters of G. battalgilae largely overlap with those of G. microlepidotus, and we find no evidence to support the distinctiveness of the two species. Therefore, G. battalgilae Naseka, Erk'akan & Küçük, 2006 is treated as a junior synonym of G. microlepidotus Battalgil, 1942.
{"title":"Gobio battalgilae Naseka, Erk'akan & Küçük, 2006 is a junior synonym of Gobio microlepidotus Battalgil, 1942 (Actinopterygii: Gobionidae)","authors":"E. Çiçek, S. Eagderi, S. Sungur","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0111","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Five Gobio species viz. G. battalgilae, G. gymnostethus, G. hettitorum, G. insuyanus and G. microlepidotus inhabit the Konya endorheic basin. Some studies have suggested the synonymy of G. battalgilae and G. microlepidotus based on molecular characters. Therefore, this study aimed to test the hypothesis of synonymy of G. battalgilae and G. microlepidotus. Based on our results, the morphometric and meristic characters of G. battalgilae largely overlap with those of G. microlepidotus, and we find no evidence to support the distinctiveness of the two species. Therefore, G. battalgilae Naseka, Erk'akan & Küçük, 2006 is treated as a junior synonym of G. microlepidotus Battalgil, 1942.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"167 1","pages":"163 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44134100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. The first collection of Oecetis inconspicua (Walker) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from the Florida Keys (Monroe County, Florida) is reported. Specimens were collected from Flamingo Island (Marathon), Key Largo, and Long Key. This is the fifth caddisfly species known from the Florida Keys and the only species not in the family Hydroptilidae.
摘要报道了在佛罗里达群岛(Monroe County, Florida Keys)首次采集到的细尾蛾(Oecetis inua (Walker))(毛翅目:细尾蛾科)。标本采集于火烈鸟岛(马拉松)、基拉戈岛和长基岛。这是佛罗里达群岛已知的第五个球蝇物种，也是唯一不属于球蝇科的物种。
{"title":"Oecetis inconspicua (Walker) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) added to the caddisfly fauna of Monroe County, Florida","authors":"L. Hribar, A. Rasmussen","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. The first collection of Oecetis inconspicua (Walker) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from the Florida Keys (Monroe County, Florida) is reported. Specimens were collected from Flamingo Island (Marathon), Key Largo, and Long Key. This is the fifth caddisfly species known from the Florida Keys and the only species not in the family Hydroptilidae.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"167 1","pages":"159 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41598323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. Based on the examination of type and recently collected specimens, Moenkhausia lepidura madeirae Fowler is resurrected from the synonymy of M. intermedia and redescribed as a valid species. Moenkhausia madeirae can be diagnosed from all congeners by the following combination of characters: presence of two symmetrical dark blotches on caudal fin (one on each lobe), a conspicuous humeral blotch, 18-22 branched anal-fin rays, and mature males with two (rarely three) well-developed hooks on the last simple and first branched anal-fin rays, respectively. The species occurs in the middle and upper rio Madeira basin in Brazil and Bolivia. Comparisons are made with the other species of Moenkhausia presenting symmetrical dark blotches on the caudal-fin lobes, i.e., M. barbouri, M. bonita, M. dichroura, and M. intermedia.
{"title":"Revalidation and redescription of Moenkhausia madeirae Fowler from the rio Madeira basin in Brazil and Bolivia (Characiformes: Characidae)","authors":"F. Lima, T. C. Faria, W. Ohara, B. Barros","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0109","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Based on the examination of type and recently collected specimens, Moenkhausia lepidura madeirae Fowler is resurrected from the synonymy of M. intermedia and redescribed as a valid species. Moenkhausia madeirae can be diagnosed from all congeners by the following combination of characters: presence of two symmetrical dark blotches on caudal fin (one on each lobe), a conspicuous humeral blotch, 18-22 branched anal-fin rays, and mature males with two (rarely three) well-developed hooks on the last simple and first branched anal-fin rays, respectively. The species occurs in the middle and upper rio Madeira basin in Brazil and Bolivia. Comparisons are made with the other species of Moenkhausia presenting symmetrical dark blotches on the caudal-fin lobes, i.e., M. barbouri, M. bonita, M. dichroura, and M. intermedia.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"167 1","pages":"147 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48161232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kalacska, J. Arroyo-Mora, O. Lucanus, L. Sousa, T. Pereira, T. Vieira
ABSTRACT. Remote sensing is an invaluable tool to objectively illustrate the rapid decline in habitat extents worldwide. The many operational Earth Observation platforms provide options for the generation of land cover maps, each with unique characteristics and considerable semantic differences in the definition of classes. As a result, differences in baseline estimates are inevitable. Here we compare forest cover and surface water estimates over four time periods spanning three decades (1989–2018) for ∼1.3 million km2 encompassing the Xingu River Basin, Brazil, from published, freely accessible remotely sensed land cover classifications. While all showed a decrease in forest extent over time, the total deforested area reported by each ranged widely for all time periods. The greatest differences ranged from 9% to 17% (116,958 to 219,778 km2) deforestation of the total area for year 2000 and 2014–2018 time period, respectively. We also show the high sensitivity of forest fragmentation metrics (entropy and foreground area density) to data quality and spatial resolution, with cloud cover and sensor artefacts resulting in errors. Surface water classifications must be chosen carefully because sources differ greatly in location and mapped area of surface water. After operationalization of the Belo Monte dam complex, the large reservoirs are notably absent from several of the classifications illustrating land cover. Freshwater ecosystem health is influenced by the land cover surrounding water bodies (e.g., riparian zones). Understanding differences between the many remotely sensed baselines is fundamentally important to avoid information misuse, and to objectively choose the most appropriate classification for ecological studies, conservation, or policy making. The differences between the classifications examined here are not a failure of the technology, but due to different interpretations of ‘forest cover’ and characteristics of the input data (e.g., spatial resolution). Our findings demonstrate the importance of transparency in the generation of remotely sensed classifications and the need for users to familiarize themselves with the characteristics and limitations of each data set.
{"title":"Deciphering the many maps of the Xingu River Basin – an assessment of land cover classifications at multiple scales","authors":"M. Kalacska, J. Arroyo-Mora, O. Lucanus, L. Sousa, T. Pereira, T. Vieira","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0118","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Remote sensing is an invaluable tool to objectively illustrate the rapid decline in habitat extents worldwide. The many operational Earth Observation platforms provide options for the generation of land cover maps, each with unique characteristics and considerable semantic differences in the definition of classes. As a result, differences in baseline estimates are inevitable. Here we compare forest cover and surface water estimates over four time periods spanning three decades (1989–2018) for ∼1.3 million km2 encompassing the Xingu River Basin, Brazil, from published, freely accessible remotely sensed land cover classifications. While all showed a decrease in forest extent over time, the total deforested area reported by each ranged widely for all time periods. The greatest differences ranged from 9% to 17% (116,958 to 219,778 km2) deforestation of the total area for year 2000 and 2014–2018 time period, respectively. We also show the high sensitivity of forest fragmentation metrics (entropy and foreground area density) to data quality and spatial resolution, with cloud cover and sensor artefacts resulting in errors. Surface water classifications must be chosen carefully because sources differ greatly in location and mapped area of surface water. After operationalization of the Belo Monte dam complex, the large reservoirs are notably absent from several of the classifications illustrating land cover. Freshwater ecosystem health is influenced by the land cover surrounding water bodies (e.g., riparian zones). Understanding differences between the many remotely sensed baselines is fundamentally important to avoid information misuse, and to objectively choose the most appropriate classification for ecological studies, conservation, or policy making. The differences between the classifications examined here are not a failure of the technology, but due to different interpretations of ‘forest cover’ and characteristics of the input data (e.g., spatial resolution). Our findings demonstrate the importance of transparency in the generation of remotely sensed classifications and the need for users to familiarize themselves with the characteristics and limitations of each data set.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"166 1","pages":"1 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49200497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships is presented for species of the South American catfish subfamily Centromochlinae (Auchenipteridae) based on parsimony analysis of 133 morphological characters in 47 potential ingroup taxa and one outgroup taxon. Of the 48 species previously considered valid in the subfamily, only one, Centromochlus steindachneri, was not evaluated in the present study. The phylogenetic analysis generated two most parsimonious trees, each with 202 steps, that support the monophyly of Centromochlinae composed of five valid genera: Glanidium, Gephyromochlus, Gelanoglanis, Centromochlus and Tatia. Although those five genera form a clade sister to the monotypic Pseudotatia, we exclude Pseudotatia from Centromochlinae. The parsimony analysis placed Glanidium (six species) as the sister group to all other species of Centromochlinae. Gephyromochlus contained a single species, Gephyromochlus leopardus, that is sister to the clade Gelanoglanis (five species) + Centromochlus (eight species). Based on the new taxonomic arrangement herein, Balroglanis Grant 2015 and Sauronglanis Grant 2015 are placed in the synonymy of Centromochlus. Tatia is the most diverse genus within Centromochlinae, with twenty-six species in three monophyletic clades. The species composition of Tatia differs from that of Calegari et al. (2019). Duringlanis Grant 2015 and Ferrarissoaresia Grant 2015 are considered synonyms of Tatia. All generic taxa within Centromochlinae are diagnosed based on synapomorphic morphological characters. An identification key for Centromochlinae is provided.
摘要本文通过对南美鲶鱼centrromochlinae (Auchenipteridae) 47个群内分类群和1个群外分类群的133个形态特征的简约性分析，提出了一种系统发育关系假说。在以前认为有效的48种亚科中，只有一种没有在本研究中进行评估，即centromochus steindachneri。系统发育分析生成了两棵最简洁的树，每棵树都有202个台阶，它们支持由五个有效属组成的Centromochlinae单系:Glanidium, Gephyromochlus, Gelanoglanis, Centromochlus和Tatia。虽然这5个属与单型的pseudoatia形成了一个分支姐妹，但我们将pseudoatia排除在Centromochlinae之外。简约分析将Glanidium(6种)列为Centromochlinae所有其他物种的姊妹类群。gephyromochus包含一个单一种，gephyromochus leopardus，它是Gelanoglanis(5种)和centromochus(8种)的姐妹。根据本文的新分类安排，Balroglanis Grant 2015和Sauronglanis Grant 2015被置于Centromochlus的同义词中。Tatia是Centromochlinae中最多样化的属，在三个单系分支中有26种。Tatia的物种组成与Calegari et al.(2019)不同。Duringlanis Grant 2015和Ferrarissoaresia Grant 2015被认为是Tatia的同义词。所有属分类群都是基于突触形态特征进行诊断的。提供了一种鉴定棘球蚴的关键字。
{"title":"A reappraisal of phylogenetic relationships among auchenipterid catfishes of the subfamily Centromochlinae and diagnosis of its genera (Teleostei: Siluriformes)","authors":"L. M. Sarmento-Soares, R. F. Martins-Pinheiro","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0108","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships is presented for species of the South American catfish subfamily Centromochlinae (Auchenipteridae) based on parsimony analysis of 133 morphological characters in 47 potential ingroup taxa and one outgroup taxon. Of the 48 species previously considered valid in the subfamily, only one, Centromochlus steindachneri, was not evaluated in the present study. The phylogenetic analysis generated two most parsimonious trees, each with 202 steps, that support the monophyly of Centromochlinae composed of five valid genera: Glanidium, Gephyromochlus, Gelanoglanis, Centromochlus and Tatia. Although those five genera form a clade sister to the monotypic Pseudotatia, we exclude Pseudotatia from Centromochlinae. The parsimony analysis placed Glanidium (six species) as the sister group to all other species of Centromochlinae. Gephyromochlus contained a single species, Gephyromochlus leopardus, that is sister to the clade Gelanoglanis (five species) + Centromochlus (eight species). Based on the new taxonomic arrangement herein, Balroglanis Grant 2015 and Sauronglanis Grant 2015 are placed in the synonymy of Centromochlus. Tatia is the most diverse genus within Centromochlinae, with twenty-six species in three monophyletic clades. The species composition of Tatia differs from that of Calegari et al. (2019). Duringlanis Grant 2015 and Ferrarissoaresia Grant 2015 are considered synonyms of Tatia. All generic taxa within Centromochlinae are diagnosed based on synapomorphic morphological characters. An identification key for Centromochlinae is provided.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"167 1","pages":"85 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67547034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. Long-term sediment accretion and nutrient concentrations were investigated in tidal marsh sediments of the Murderkill River, Delaware. Radionuclides (210Pb and 137Cs), stable isotopes (13C and 15N), organic matter concentrations and nutrient concentrations were measured. Tidal marsh sediment accumulation rates ranged from 0.10 to 0.20 g cm-2 yr-1, and accretion rates ranged from 0.31 to 0.74 cm yr-1. The Carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratio (∼24) was higher in the downcore of upstream sites, and a similar C/N ratio was identified in surface sediment cores at the downstream sites. The sediment N concentration in the surface sediments was highest at the upstream sites (mostly ≥1% of N) and decreased downstream. Total nitrogen concentrations were highest from 1910 to 1920 (∼1.5% N), decreased to approximately 0.6% N by 1940, and then remained constant to present. The dominance of the C4 plant Spartina (cordgrass) over C3 plants after the 1940s may be due to an upward movement of saline water associated with hydrologic changes and a rise in relative sea level. Surface sediments in all of the cores have more total phosphorus (TP) than below ground. The downstream site closest to the estuary had an abrupt increase in surface TP (i.e., 0–10 cm). Sediment TP increased slightly from 2003 to present time (i.e., from 0.07 to 0.11% P). Sediment accumulation and accretion rates in the Murderkill River marshes are similar to the accretion rates determined by previous studies in the region.
摘要。对特拉华州Murderkill河潮汐沼泽沉积物中的长期沉积物堆积和营养物浓度进行了研究。测量了放射性核素（210Pb和137Cs）、稳定同位素（13C和15N）、有机物浓度和营养物浓度。潮沼沉积物堆积速率范围为0.10至0.20 g cm-2 yr-1，吸积速率范围为0.31至0.74 cm yr-1。上游站点的下孔中碳（C）与氮（N）之比（~24）较高，下游站点的表层沉积物岩芯中也发现了类似的C/N比。表层沉积物中的沉积物氮浓度在上游最高（大部分≥1%的氮），在下游下降。总氮浓度在1910年至1920年间最高（～1.5%氮），到1940年降至约0.6%氮，然后保持不变。1940年代后，C4植物Spartina（灯芯草）对C3植物的优势可能是由于与水文变化和相对海平面上升相关的盐水向上运动。所有岩芯中的表层沉积物的总磷含量均高于地下沉积物。最靠近河口的下游站点的表面TP突然增加（即0–10 cm）。从2003年到现在，沉积物TP略有增加（即从0.07%P增加到0.11%P）。Murderkill河沼泽地的沉积物堆积和堆积速率与该地区先前研究确定的堆积速率相似。
{"title":"Long-term sediment accretion and nutrient deposition in a tidal marsh of the Delaware Bay","authors":"D. Velinsky, Bhanu Paudel, C. Sommerfield","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0107","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Long-term sediment accretion and nutrient concentrations were investigated in tidal marsh sediments of the Murderkill River, Delaware. Radionuclides (210Pb and 137Cs), stable isotopes (13C and 15N), organic matter concentrations and nutrient concentrations were measured. Tidal marsh sediment accumulation rates ranged from 0.10 to 0.20 g cm-2 yr-1, and accretion rates ranged from 0.31 to 0.74 cm yr-1. The Carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratio (∼24) was higher in the downcore of upstream sites, and a similar C/N ratio was identified in surface sediment cores at the downstream sites. The sediment N concentration in the surface sediments was highest at the upstream sites (mostly ≥1% of N) and decreased downstream. Total nitrogen concentrations were highest from 1910 to 1920 (∼1.5% N), decreased to approximately 0.6% N by 1940, and then remained constant to present. The dominance of the C4 plant Spartina (cordgrass) over C3 plants after the 1940s may be due to an upward movement of saline water associated with hydrologic changes and a rise in relative sea level. Surface sediments in all of the cores have more total phosphorus (TP) than below ground. The downstream site closest to the estuary had an abrupt increase in surface TP (i.e., 0–10 cm). Sediment TP increased slightly from 2003 to present time (i.e., from 0.07 to 0.11% P). Sediment accumulation and accretion rates in the Murderkill River marshes are similar to the accretion rates determined by previous studies in the region.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"167 1","pages":"87 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49138123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. A capybara jaw (Rodentia, Caviidae, Hydrochoerinae) and an isolated lower tooth fragment were recovered from dredge spoils on Pelican Island in Galveston Bay, Gulf Coast of Texas. The attached matrix on the jaw and most of the dredged material is clay, indicative of the latest Pleistocene Beaumont Formation which underlies the Holocene deposits. In the latest Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of the United States, capybaras are known from along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts in Texas, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia.These Rancholabrean capybaras have been assigned to three different taxa: Neochoerus pinckneyi Hay, 1923 for the largest size specimens, Hydrochoerus holmesi Simpson, 1928 for the somewhat smaller specimens, or Neochoerus aesopi Leidy, 1853, a name that had been considered invalid because it was not adequately diagnosed, if there is only one late Pleistocene species of North American capybara. The p4 in the new Texas mandible is much smaller than the genotype of N. pinckneyi from the Aransas River in South Texas and similar in size to H. holmesi from the Pleistocene of Florida and Recent H. hydrochaeris. However cheek tooth size and occlusal pattern in Recent capybaras varies significantly with age. Hydrochoerus holmesi cannot be distinguished from N. pinckneyi. None of the late Pleistocene capybaras of South Carolina, including the type and referred specimens of N. aesopi, have any characteristics to differentiate them from H. holmesi or N. pinckneyi. We therefore assign all the Texas and South Carolina specimens to N. aesopi.
{"title":"A Late Pleistocene capybara (Rodentia, Caviidae, Hydrochoerinae) from near Houston, Texas, USA, with a brief review of North American fossil capybaras","authors":"Jon Baskin, P. Gervais, C. Gervais","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A capybara jaw (Rodentia, Caviidae, Hydrochoerinae) and an isolated lower tooth fragment were recovered from dredge spoils on Pelican Island in Galveston Bay, Gulf Coast of Texas. The attached matrix on the jaw and most of the dredged material is clay, indicative of the latest Pleistocene Beaumont Formation which underlies the Holocene deposits. In the latest Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of the United States, capybaras are known from along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts in Texas, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia.These Rancholabrean capybaras have been assigned to three different taxa: Neochoerus pinckneyi Hay, 1923 for the largest size specimens, Hydrochoerus holmesi Simpson, 1928 for the somewhat smaller specimens, or Neochoerus aesopi Leidy, 1853, a name that had been considered invalid because it was not adequately diagnosed, if there is only one late Pleistocene species of North American capybara. The p4 in the new Texas mandible is much smaller than the genotype of N. pinckneyi from the Aransas River in South Texas and similar in size to H. holmesi from the Pleistocene of Florida and Recent H. hydrochaeris. However cheek tooth size and occlusal pattern in Recent capybaras varies significantly with age. Hydrochoerus holmesi cannot be distinguished from N. pinckneyi. None of the late Pleistocene capybaras of South Carolina, including the type and referred specimens of N. aesopi, have any characteristics to differentiate them from H. holmesi or N. pinckneyi. We therefore assign all the Texas and South Carolina specimens to N. aesopi.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"167 1","pages":"57 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47687366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sabaj, H. López-Fernández, S. Willis, Devya D. Hemraj, D. Taphorn, K. Winemiller
ABSTRACT. A new species of peacock bass, Cichla cataractae, is distinguished from all congeners by molecular evidence and unique patterns of adult and juvenile pigmentation. Juveniles (<150 mm SL) have sides of body dominated by a series of three conspicuous dark blotches with the one below soft dorsal fin largest, attenuated posteriorly (long teardrop shape) but distinctly separated from elliptical caudal blotch; same blotches eventually with pale border (ocellated) in largest juveniles. Adult pattern on sides dominated by two distinct dark blotches, each one ocellated; anterior blotch rounded, located below anterior base of spinous dorsal fin and not extending above anterior lateral line; posterior blotch highly irregular in shape, located below soft dorsal fin and often displaced dorsally; additional dark blotch below posterior base of spinous dorsal fin generally absent or small, ocellated or not, and level with anterior blotch; vertical bars on sides generally absent or faint; postorbital stripe always present, highly broken into irregular series of dark spots, each one usually ocellated. Cichla cataractae is endemic to the Essequibo Basin where it typically inhabits rocky shoals in river channels with swift current. The new species is sympatric with the more widely distributed C. ocellaris, a species that prefers lentic habitats. Molecular analysis supports C. cataractae as a distinct lineage in a clade of Cichla containing C. temensis, C. melaniae, C. mirianae, C. piquiti and C. pinima. The oldest extant specimens of the new species were collected by Carl H. Eigenmann in 1908 and documented in his seminal "The Freshwater Fishes of British Guiana" (Eigenmann, 1912).
{"title":"Cichla cataractae (Cichliformes: Cichlidae), new species of peacock bass from the Essequibo Basin, Guyana and Venezuela","authors":"M. Sabaj, H. López-Fernández, S. Willis, Devya D. Hemraj, D. Taphorn, K. Winemiller","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0106","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A new species of peacock bass, Cichla cataractae, is distinguished from all congeners by molecular evidence and unique patterns of adult and juvenile pigmentation. Juveniles (<150 mm SL) have sides of body dominated by a series of three conspicuous dark blotches with the one below soft dorsal fin largest, attenuated posteriorly (long teardrop shape) but distinctly separated from elliptical caudal blotch; same blotches eventually with pale border (ocellated) in largest juveniles. Adult pattern on sides dominated by two distinct dark blotches, each one ocellated; anterior blotch rounded, located below anterior base of spinous dorsal fin and not extending above anterior lateral line; posterior blotch highly irregular in shape, located below soft dorsal fin and often displaced dorsally; additional dark blotch below posterior base of spinous dorsal fin generally absent or small, ocellated or not, and level with anterior blotch; vertical bars on sides generally absent or faint; postorbital stripe always present, highly broken into irregular series of dark spots, each one usually ocellated. Cichla cataractae is endemic to the Essequibo Basin where it typically inhabits rocky shoals in river channels with swift current. The new species is sympatric with the more widely distributed C. ocellaris, a species that prefers lentic habitats. Molecular analysis supports C. cataractae as a distinct lineage in a clade of Cichla containing C. temensis, C. melaniae, C. mirianae, C. piquiti and C. pinima. The oldest extant specimens of the new species were collected by Carl H. Eigenmann in 1908 and documented in his seminal \"The Freshwater Fishes of British Guiana\" (Eigenmann, 1912).","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"167 1","pages":"69 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44389644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. We discuss new applications of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) systems based on recordings of Amazonian freshwater fauna during a long-term fish monitoring program in the Xingu River, Brazil. BRUVs facilitated estimates of relative abundance and frequency of occurrence for species of river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis, P. expansa, Rhinoclemmys punctularia), river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) and spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in a variety of habitats including rocky rapids, submerged sandy beaches, an artificial reservoir and the Xingu Ria.
{"title":"More than Fish – The Potential of Baited Remote Underwater Video to Assess Freshwater Herpetofauna and Dolphins","authors":"K. Schmid, T. Giarrizzo","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. We discuss new applications of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) systems based on recordings of Amazonian freshwater fauna during a long-term fish monitoring program in the Xingu River, Brazil. BRUVs facilitated estimates of relative abundance and frequency of occurrence for species of river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis, P. expansa, Rhinoclemmys punctularia), river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) and spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in a variety of habitats including rocky rapids, submerged sandy beaches, an artificial reservoir and the Xingu Ria.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"166 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45818889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Anné, Allison R. Tumarkin-Deratzian, Hope J. Cuff, P. Orsini, B. Grandstaff
ABSTRACT. Our understanding of pathological conditions is usually centered on human and domesticated species. Thus, a vast array of pathologies within vertebrates are unknown, especially those that occur in exotics and those that lack external characters, such as conditions that affect the skeleton. Exotics represent a majority of the vertebrates housed in zoos and other wildlife centers, and in the larger picture of conservation, represent the best way to determine potential health threats and cures for endangered and threatened species in the wild. Here we describe a case of acromegaly, a rare condition of excess growth hormone, in a hog badger (Arctonyx collaris) based on Computed Tomography (CT). This is the first documented occurrence of this condition in non-human or non-domesticated mammals, and the first occurrence within Mustelidae. The recognition of this rare condition within a badger suggests that acromegaly may be more widespread within mammals than previously thought, and has implications for diagnosis of other exotics within zoos.
{"title":"Acromegaly in a Hog Badger (Arctonyx collaris)","authors":"J. Anné, Allison R. Tumarkin-Deratzian, Hope J. Cuff, P. Orsini, B. Grandstaff","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Our understanding of pathological conditions is usually centered on human and domesticated species. Thus, a vast array of pathologies within vertebrates are unknown, especially those that occur in exotics and those that lack external characters, such as conditions that affect the skeleton. Exotics represent a majority of the vertebrates housed in zoos and other wildlife centers, and in the larger picture of conservation, represent the best way to determine potential health threats and cures for endangered and threatened species in the wild. Here we describe a case of acromegaly, a rare condition of excess growth hormone, in a hog badger (Arctonyx collaris) based on Computed Tomography (CT). This is the first documented occurrence of this condition in non-human or non-domesticated mammals, and the first occurrence within Mustelidae. The recognition of this rare condition within a badger suggests that acromegaly may be more widespread within mammals than previously thought, and has implications for diagnosis of other exotics within zoos.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"167 1","pages":"49 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49577671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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