ABSTRACT. Alvin R. Cahn (1892-1971) was Professor of Zoology at the University of Illinois and latterly worked in conservation for the Tennessee Valley Authority. In the years following World War II he was on the staff of Allied General Headquarters in Tokyo, where he produced several major reports on mollusks. This paper focuses on his GHQ career and in particular his relationship with Tokubei Kuroda (1886-1987), the most important Japanese malacologist of the 20th century.
{"title":"Alvin Cahn: a man of science in post-war Japan","authors":"P. Callomon","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Alvin R. Cahn (1892-1971) was Professor of Zoology at the University of Illinois and latterly worked in conservation for the Tennessee Valley Authority. In the years following World War II he was on the staff of Allied General Headquarters in Tokyo, where he produced several major reports on mollusks. This paper focuses on his GHQ career and in particular his relationship with Tokubei Kuroda (1886-1987), the most important Japanese malacologist of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"167 1","pages":"27 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41552450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Herbivorous fishes feed on stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, and nuts of diverse aquatic plants, as well as algae. Pacus are the herbivorous cousins of piranhas and consume a myriad of diets comprised of these plant products, but a few species are phytophages, herbivores that feed almost exclusively on rapids-dwelling (rheophilic) riverweed plants from the family Podostemaceae. The degree to which pacus feed on riverweed varies from obligate year-round consumption to strictly seasonal, facultative feeding. Obligate phytophages feed heavily on riverweed and strictly occur in river rapids, while facultative phytophages only consume riverweed during seasons with low flow. Does ecological specialization (diet) beget morphological specialization in the feeding apparatus and/or body shape of phytophages? Under a phylogenetic framework, we used micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning to compare functional feeding traits among 26 species of serrasalmids, four of which are obligate phytophages. We also compared body shape between pacus using geometric morphometrics to identify potential locomotor adaptations for rheophily. Obligate phytophages have dentitions and slicing jaws well-suited for shearing fleshy plant material relative to other pacus, which are equipped with fruit and seed crushing morphologies. Unrelated obligate phytophages have also converged on a similar body shape that is distinct from sympatric congeneric herbivores. Phytophagy involves more consistent changes to body shape than to feeding morphology, suggesting that body shape has more important ties to diet.
{"title":"Body shape separates guilds of rheophilic herbivores (Myleinae: Serrasalmidae) better than feeding morphology","authors":"J. Huie, A. Summers, M. Kolmann","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0116","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Herbivorous fishes feed on stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, and nuts of diverse aquatic plants, as well as algae. Pacus are the herbivorous cousins of piranhas and consume a myriad of diets comprised of these plant products, but a few species are phytophages, herbivores that feed almost exclusively on rapids-dwelling (rheophilic) riverweed plants from the family Podostemaceae. The degree to which pacus feed on riverweed varies from obligate year-round consumption to strictly seasonal, facultative feeding. Obligate phytophages feed heavily on riverweed and strictly occur in river rapids, while facultative phytophages only consume riverweed during seasons with low flow. Does ecological specialization (diet) beget morphological specialization in the feeding apparatus and/or body shape of phytophages? Under a phylogenetic framework, we used micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning to compare functional feeding traits among 26 species of serrasalmids, four of which are obligate phytophages. We also compared body shape between pacus using geometric morphometrics to identify potential locomotor adaptations for rheophily. Obligate phytophages have dentitions and slicing jaws well-suited for shearing fleshy plant material relative to other pacus, which are equipped with fruit and seed crushing morphologies. Unrelated obligate phytophages have also converged on a similar body shape that is distinct from sympatric congeneric herbivores. Phytophagy involves more consistent changes to body shape than to feeding morphology, suggesting that body shape has more important ties to diet.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"166 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49020876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cárlison Silva-Oliveira, M. Sabaj, R. P. Ota, L. R. Py-Daniel
ABSTRACT. A new species of Bryconops is described from the rio Xingu Basin, Brazil, that differs from all congeners by the following combination of characters: predorsal scales 8–9, perforated scales in the lateral line 43–45, and pigmentation pattern composed of wide silvery midlateral band on body, hyaline dorsal and anal fins (in alcohol), and dark blotch on distal half of dorsal caudal-fin lobe. The new species shares with members of the subgenus Bryconops maxillary relatively short, edentulous or with one conical tooth, and gill rakers without ossified denticles. The middle and lower Xingu support a remarkable diversity of Bryconops composed of at least nine species-level taxa; comments on their local distributions and habitats are provided, as well as a key to their identification.
{"title":"Bryconops rheorubrum (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae), new species from the Rio Xingu Rapids, Brazil","authors":"Cárlison Silva-Oliveira, M. Sabaj, R. P. Ota, L. R. Py-Daniel","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0115","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A new species of Bryconops is described from the rio Xingu Basin, Brazil, that differs from all congeners by the following combination of characters: predorsal scales 8–9, perforated scales in the lateral line 43–45, and pigmentation pattern composed of wide silvery midlateral band on body, hyaline dorsal and anal fins (in alcohol), and dark blotch on distal half of dorsal caudal-fin lobe. The new species shares with members of the subgenus Bryconops maxillary relatively short, edentulous or with one conical tooth, and gill rakers without ossified denticles. The middle and lower Xingu support a remarkable diversity of Bryconops composed of at least nine species-level taxa; comments on their local distributions and habitats are provided, as well as a key to their identification.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"166 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42488751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. Thomas Say (1787–1834) based his description of the ammonite species Baculites ovata (= B. ovatus) on a single specimen in the collection of his childhood friend, the Quaker naturalist Reuben Haines III (1786–1831). However, the specimen's whereabouts faded from memory after Haines and Say both died unexpectedly in the early 1830s. The holotype specimen has been missing for more than 180 years, and was thought to be lost or destroyed until 2017, when I relocated it at Haines's ancestral home (Wyck) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where his collection was preserved by his descendants in its original wooden cabinet. Herein, I present the first photographic images, an illustration of its suture line, and quantitative measurements for use by systematic paleontologists.
摘要托马斯·萨伊(1787-1834)对鹦鹉螺物种Baculites ovata (= B. ovatus)的描述是基于他儿时的朋友、贵格会博物学家鲁本·海恩斯三世(1786-1831)收集的一个标本。然而，在海恩斯和萨伊于19世纪30年代初意外去世后，这个标本的下落逐渐淡出人们的记忆。这个全模标本已经失踪了180多年，一直被认为是丢失或毁坏了，直到2017年，我把它重新安置在海恩斯位于宾夕法尼亚州费城的祖宅(Wyck)，他的藏品被他的后代保存在原来的木柜里。在这里，我展示了第一批摄影图像，它的缝合线的插图，以及供系统古生物学家使用的定量测量。
{"title":"Rediscovery of the holotype of the extinct cephalopod Baculites ovatus Say, 1820 after nearly two centuries","authors":"Matthew R. Halley","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Thomas Say (1787–1834) based his description of the ammonite species Baculites ovata (= B. ovatus) on a single specimen in the collection of his childhood friend, the Quaker naturalist Reuben Haines III (1786–1831). However, the specimen's whereabouts faded from memory after Haines and Say both died unexpectedly in the early 1830s. The holotype specimen has been missing for more than 180 years, and was thought to be lost or destroyed until 2017, when I relocated it at Haines's ancestral home (Wyck) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where his collection was preserved by his descendants in its original wooden cabinet. Herein, I present the first photographic images, an illustration of its suture line, and quantitative measurements for use by systematic paleontologists.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"167 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42102411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. New material from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Catskill Formation of Pennsylvania, USA, reveals anatomical details previously lacking from the enigmatic fossil species that Newberry (1889, U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 16:1–228) named Holoptychius ? radiatus. The original material (scales and lepidotrichia) was attributed to Holoptychius (Sarcopterygii, Porolepiformes) according to the ridged ornament on the exposed portion of the scales. Scale and cranial anatomy revealed by the new material supports a reassignment of the species to Langlieria (Sarcopterygii, Tristichopteridae). The emended diagnosis of the new combination includes the grooved scale ornament that was noted, though described differently by Newberry, and a posterior oblique pitline groove of the parietal that extends to the caudal margin of the element. Along with Hyneria lindae and Eusthenodon sp. indet., there are now at least three known species of Tristichopteridae from the Catskill Formation. Temporal/spatial separation of these species, along with supporting anatomical characteristics, suggests that tristichopterids commonly filled the ecological niche of top predator in the Famennian-age nonmarine ecosystems of the Catskill Delta Complex. The presence of a Langlieria species in the Catskill Formation lends further support to a biogeographic connection between Pennsylvania, USA, and Belgium during the Famennian Stage of the Upper Devonian.
{"title":"New material supports a description and taxonomic revision of Holoptychius ? radiatus (Sarcopterygii, Tristichopteridae) from the Upper Devonian Catskill Formation in Pennsylvania, USA","authors":"E. Daeschler, J. Downs, Chelsea Matzko","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. New material from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Catskill Formation of Pennsylvania, USA, reveals anatomical details previously lacking from the enigmatic fossil species that Newberry (1889, U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 16:1–228) named Holoptychius ? radiatus. The original material (scales and lepidotrichia) was attributed to Holoptychius (Sarcopterygii, Porolepiformes) according to the ridged ornament on the exposed portion of the scales. Scale and cranial anatomy revealed by the new material supports a reassignment of the species to Langlieria (Sarcopterygii, Tristichopteridae). The emended diagnosis of the new combination includes the grooved scale ornament that was noted, though described differently by Newberry, and a posterior oblique pitline groove of the parietal that extends to the caudal margin of the element. Along with Hyneria lindae and Eusthenodon sp. indet., there are now at least three known species of Tristichopteridae from the Catskill Formation. Temporal/spatial separation of these species, along with supporting anatomical characteristics, suggests that tristichopterids commonly filled the ecological niche of top predator in the Famennian-age nonmarine ecosystems of the Catskill Delta Complex. The presence of a Langlieria species in the Catskill Formation lends further support to a biogeographic connection between Pennsylvania, USA, and Belgium during the Famennian Stage of the Upper Devonian.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"167 1","pages":"11 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44044885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. A new species of Creagrutus is described from the upper rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters that includes dorsal fin mostly black, a dark oblique blotch on middle and upper-inferior caudal-fin rays, and presence of only two rows of premaxillary teeth. Creagrutus mucipu, formerly known only from the upper rio Tocantins basin in Brazil, is recorded herein as occurring syntopically with the new species in the upper rio Xingu basin.
{"title":"A new Creagrutus from the upper rio Xingu basin, Brazil (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)","authors":"Nelson Flausino, Flávio C. T. Lima","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0114","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A new species of Creagrutus is described from the upper rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters that includes dorsal fin mostly black, a dark oblique blotch on middle and upper-inferior caudal-fin rays, and presence of only two rows of premaxillary teeth. Creagrutus mucipu, formerly known only from the upper rio Tocantins basin in Brazil, is recorded herein as occurring syntopically with the new species in the upper rio Xingu basin.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"166 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44578029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Volkmer-Ribeiro, M. Mansur, D. Pereira, J. Tiemann, K. Cummings, M. Sabaj
ABSTRACT. During a pilot survey, sponges and mollusks were sampled from the bottom of the middle Xingu River (rapids) and lower Xingu River (ria) via hand-picking in shallows and trawling and surface-supplied dives in deeper waters. The survey revealed a benthic community composed of eight sponge species in four genera and three families, and added six species to the Xingu Basin fauna. Sponges exhibited distinct variation in body shape corresponding to local environmental conditions such as water depth, current velocity and available substrates. Sponges inhabiting rocky bottoms in swift currents (rapids) typically formed crusts. Those in the deeper, calmer waters of the ria attained massive and elaborate forms while attached to infaunal bivalves. Oncosclera navicella and Drulia cristata exhibited crusts and massive forms as adaptations to rapids and ria, respectively. In the middle to lower Xingu, sponges encrusted the shells of eleven species of bivalves (seven infaunal, three epifaunal, and one infaunal/epifaunal) and one infaunal/epifaunal gastropod. Bivalves provide key substrates for supporting sponges above the sand, mud and detritus of the Xingu ria. Potential impacts of the Belo Monte Dam complex on the sponge fauna of the middle Xingu rapids are discussed.
{"title":"Sponge and mollusk associations in a benthic filter-feeding assemblage in the middle and lower Xingu River, Brazil","authors":"C. Volkmer-Ribeiro, M. Mansur, D. Pereira, J. Tiemann, K. Cummings, M. Sabaj","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0113","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. During a pilot survey, sponges and mollusks were sampled from the bottom of the middle Xingu River (rapids) and lower Xingu River (ria) via hand-picking in shallows and trawling and surface-supplied dives in deeper waters. The survey revealed a benthic community composed of eight sponge species in four genera and three families, and added six species to the Xingu Basin fauna. Sponges exhibited distinct variation in body shape corresponding to local environmental conditions such as water depth, current velocity and available substrates. Sponges inhabiting rocky bottoms in swift currents (rapids) typically formed crusts. Those in the deeper, calmer waters of the ria attained massive and elaborate forms while attached to infaunal bivalves. Oncosclera navicella and Drulia cristata exhibited crusts and massive forms as adaptations to rapids and ria, respectively. In the middle to lower Xingu, sponges encrusted the shells of eleven species of bivalves (seven infaunal, three epifaunal, and one infaunal/epifaunal) and one infaunal/epifaunal gastropod. Bivalves provide key substrates for supporting sponges above the sand, mud and detritus of the Xingu ria. Potential impacts of the Belo Monte Dam complex on the sponge fauna of the middle Xingu rapids are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"166 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45027064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Magalhães, R. Robles, E. Souza-Carvalho, F. L. Carvalho, J. Malta, F. L. Mantelatto
ABSTRACT. Results are presented on species richness and distribution of the crustacean fauna obtained by iXingu Project expeditions along the middle and lower Xingu River during low and high water seasons primarily from 2013–2014, prior to the completion of the Belo Monte dam complex. The checklist includes the parasitic and decapod crustacean species surveyed in the Xingu River from the mouth of its tributary, the Iriri River, to its confluence with the Amazon River. With the addition of records from the scientific literature, a total of 32 species representing 18 genera in eight families are known to occur in the middle to lower Xingu basin: four species of fish lice, family Argulidae, four parasitic isopods, families Corallanidae (1 species) and Cymothoidae (3), 13 decapod crabs, families Pseudothelphusidae (5) and Trichodactylidae (8), and 11 decapod shrimps, families Sergestidae (1), Euryrhynchidae (3), and Palaemonidae (7). Seventeen species are recorded for the first time from the Xingu basin, highlighting the importance of focused sampling of decapods and other crustaceans in major sub-basins of the Amazon. The lower Xingu, below the Volta Grande rapids, held the most diversity with 19 species. The Volta Grande rapids (between Altamira and the lower Xingu) and the middle Xingu above Altamira exhibited 17 and 15 species, respectively. Based on comparisons to other Amazon and South American river basins, the middle and lower Xingu River supports a remarkably high diversity of decapods.
{"title":"Annotated checklist of parasitic and decapod crustaceans from the middle and lower Xingu (Amazon Basin) above and below the Belo Monte dam complex, Pará State, Brazil","authors":"C. Magalhães, R. Robles, E. Souza-Carvalho, F. L. Carvalho, J. Malta, F. L. Mantelatto","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Results are presented on species richness and distribution of the crustacean fauna obtained by iXingu Project expeditions along the middle and lower Xingu River during low and high water seasons primarily from 2013–2014, prior to the completion of the Belo Monte dam complex. The checklist includes the parasitic and decapod crustacean species surveyed in the Xingu River from the mouth of its tributary, the Iriri River, to its confluence with the Amazon River. With the addition of records from the scientific literature, a total of 32 species representing 18 genera in eight families are known to occur in the middle to lower Xingu basin: four species of fish lice, family Argulidae, four parasitic isopods, families Corallanidae (1 species) and Cymothoidae (3), 13 decapod crabs, families Pseudothelphusidae (5) and Trichodactylidae (8), and 11 decapod shrimps, families Sergestidae (1), Euryrhynchidae (3), and Palaemonidae (7). Seventeen species are recorded for the first time from the Xingu basin, highlighting the importance of focused sampling of decapods and other crustaceans in major sub-basins of the Amazon. The lower Xingu, below the Volta Grande rapids, held the most diversity with 19 species. The Volta Grande rapids (between Altamira and the lower Xingu) and the middle Xingu above Altamira exhibited 17 and 15 species, respectively. Based on comparisons to other Amazon and South American river basins, the middle and lower Xingu River supports a remarkably high diversity of decapods.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":"166 1","pages":"1 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1635/053.166.0105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41827223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Magalhães, R. Robles, E. Souza-Carvalho, F. L. Carvalho, J. Malta, F. L. Mantelatto
ABSTRACT. Results are presented on species richness and distribution of the crustacean fauna obtained by iXingu Project expeditions along the middle and lower Xingu River during low and high water seasons primarily from 2013-2014, prior to the completion of the Belo Monte dam complex. The checklist includes the parasitic and decapod crustacean species surveyed in the Xingu River from the mouth of its tributary, the Iriri River, to its confluence with the Amazon River. With the addition of records from the scientific literature, a total of 32 species representing 18 genera in eight families are known to occur in the middle to lower Xingu basin: four species of fish lice, family Argulidae, four parasitic isopods, families Corallanidae (1 species) and Cymothoidae (3), 13 decapod crabs, families Pseudothelphusidae (5) and Trichodactylidae (8), and 11 decapod shrimps, families Sergestidae (1), Euryrhynchidae (3), and Palaemonidae (7). Seventeen species are recorded for the first time from the Xingu basin, highlighting the importance of focused sampling of decapods and other crustaceans in major sub-basins of the Amazon. The lower Xingu, below the Volta Grande rapids, held the most diversity with 19 species. The Volta Grande rapids (between Altamira and the lower Xingu) and the middle Xingu above Altamira exhibited 17 and 15 species, respectively. Based on comparisons to other Amazon and South American river basins, the middle and lower Xingu River supports a remarkably high diversity of decapods.
{"title":"Annotated checklist of parasitic and decapod crustaceans from the middle and lower Xingu (Amazon Basin) above and below the Belo Monte dam complex, Pará State, Brazil","authors":"C. Magalhães, R. Robles, E. Souza-Carvalho, F. L. Carvalho, J. Malta, F. L. Mantelatto","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. \u0000 Results are presented on species richness and distribution of the crustacean fauna obtained by iXingu Project expeditions along the middle and lower Xingu River during low and high water seasons primarily from 2013-2014, prior to the completion of the Belo Monte dam complex. The checklist includes the parasitic and decapod crustacean species surveyed in the Xingu River from the mouth of its tributary, the Iriri River, to its confluence with the Amazon River. With the addition of records from the scientific literature, a total of 32 species representing 18 genera in eight families are known to occur in the middle to lower Xingu basin: four species of fish lice, family Argulidae, four parasitic isopods, families Corallanidae (1 species) and Cymothoidae (3), 13 decapod crabs, families Pseudothelphusidae (5) and Trichodactylidae (8), and 11 decapod shrimps, families Sergestidae (1), Euryrhynchidae (3), and Palaemonidae (7). Seventeen species are recorded for the first time from the Xingu basin, highlighting the importance of focused sampling of decapods and other crustaceans in major sub-basins of the Amazon. The lower Xingu, below the Volta Grande rapids, held the most diversity with 19 species. The Volta Grande rapids (between Altamira and the lower Xingu) and the middle Xingu above Altamira exhibited 17 and 15 species, respectively. Based on comparisons to other Amazon and South American river basins, the middle and lower Xingu River supports a remarkably high diversity of decapods.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47100380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. Trachydoras is a genus of Doradidae (thorny catfishes) with five nominal valid species distributed in lowland areas of the Amazon, Orinoco, Paraná-Paraguay and Essequibo river basins of South America. A sixth species is described here as Trachydoras gepharti and diagnosed by five characteristics unique among congeners: mental barbels thick, tapered and profusely ornamented with many elongate fleshy papillae loosely arranged in 2–3 rows (vs. mental barbels thinner, papillae lacking or fewer, arranged in 1–2 rows); distinct columns of small, soft papillae along medial and lateral margins of gill filaments on all gill arches (vs. gill filaments lacking conspicuous papillae in congeners); gas bladder acorn-shaped (vs. cordiform) with smooth anterolateral shoulder (vs. shoulder with accessory diverticulum) and terminal diverticula medially united into singular, finger-like projection formed mostly by elongation of only one of the two posterior chambers (vs. both chambers elongated, contributing more or less equally to terminal diverticula in congeners or terminal diverticula absent or reduced in some specimens of T. nattereri and T. paraguayensis). Trachydoras gepharti is known from the Amazon and Orinoco basins where it often occurs syntopically with T. microstomus, T. nattereri and a separate undescribed species of Trachydoras. Like other species of Trachydoras, T. gepharti is specialized for vacuuming chironomid larvae from sandy substrates in medium to large river channels. Redescriptions and diagnoses are provided for the five nominal valid species of Trachydoras along with a key to identification and comments on characteristics used to diagnose the genus and delimit species. Designations include a lectotype (NMW 46375, 91.7 mm SL) for Trachydoras brevis (Kner 1853) and neotype (ANSP 178443, 100 mm SL) for T. nattereri (Steindachner 1881). The true holotype of T. microstomus (Eigenmann 1912) is identified as FMNH 118302 [ex. FMNH 53207, ex. CM 1650] and the specimen previously cataloged as the holotype (FMNH 53206) is identified as T. brevis.
摘要。Trachydoras是多刺鲶鱼科的一个属，有五种名义有效物种，分布在南美洲亚马逊、奥里诺科、巴拉那-巴拉圭和埃塞奎博河流域的低地地区。第六个物种在这里被描述为Trachydoras gepharti，并通过同类中特有的五个特征进行诊断：精神杠铃厚、锥形，装饰丰富，有许多细长的肉质乳头，松散地排列在2-3排（而精神杠铃更薄，乳头缺失或更少，排列在1-2排）；在所有鳃弓上，沿着鳃丝的内侧和外侧边缘有明显的小而软的乳头列（与同类中缺乏明显乳头的鳃丝相比）；具有光滑的前外侧肩（相对于具有副憩室的肩）和末端憩室的气囊橡子形（相对于心形）向内合并为单一的，指状突起主要由两个后腔中的一个的伸长形成（与两个腔伸长相比，两个腔都伸长，对同类中的终末期憩室的贡献或多或少相等，或对纳特勒氏锥虫和巴拉圭锥虫的一些标本中缺失或减少的终末憩室的贡献）。在亚马逊和奥里诺科河流域，人们都知道gepharti Trachydoras，在那里它经常与微小T.tomus、纳特勒T.nattereri和一个单独的未描述的Trachydora物种同生。与其他Trachydoras物种一样，T.gepharti专门用于从中大型河道的沙质基质中抽真空处理摇蚊幼虫。对Trachydoras的五个名义有效物种进行了重新描述和诊断，并提供了识别关键和对用于诊断属和界定物种的特征的评论。名称包括Trachydoras brevis（Kner 1853）的选择型（NMW 46375，91.7 mm SL）和T.nattereri（Steindachner 1881）的新型（ANSP 178443，100 mm SL）。微小T.microtomus的真正正模标本（Eigenmann 1912）被鉴定为FMNH 118302[例如，FMNH 53207，例如，CM 1650]，并且之前被编目为正模标本的标本（FMNH 53/206）被鉴定为由短T.brevis。
{"title":"Taxonomic assessment of the Hard-Nosed Thornycats (Siluriformes: Doradidae: Trachydoras Eigenmann 1925) with description of Trachydoras gepharti, n. sp.","authors":"M. Sabaj, Mariangeles Arce Hernández","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0107","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. \u0000 Trachydoras is a genus of Doradidae (thorny catfishes) with five nominal valid species distributed in lowland areas of the Amazon, Orinoco, Paraná-Paraguay and Essequibo river basins of South America. A sixth species is described here as Trachydoras gepharti and diagnosed by five characteristics unique among congeners: mental barbels thick, tapered and profusely ornamented with many elongate fleshy papillae loosely arranged in 2–3 rows (vs. mental barbels thinner, papillae lacking or fewer, arranged in 1–2 rows); distinct columns of small, soft papillae along medial and lateral margins of gill filaments on all gill arches (vs. gill filaments lacking conspicuous papillae in congeners); gas bladder acorn-shaped (vs. cordiform) with smooth anterolateral shoulder (vs. shoulder with accessory diverticulum) and terminal diverticula medially united into singular, finger-like projection formed mostly by elongation of only one of the two posterior chambers (vs. both chambers elongated, contributing more or less equally to terminal diverticula in congeners or terminal diverticula absent or reduced in some specimens of T. nattereri and T. paraguayensis). Trachydoras gepharti is known from the Amazon and Orinoco basins where it often occurs syntopically with T. microstomus, T. nattereri and a separate undescribed species of Trachydoras. Like other species of Trachydoras, T. gepharti is specialized for vacuuming chironomid larvae from sandy substrates in medium to large river channels. Redescriptions and diagnoses are provided for the five nominal valid species of Trachydoras along with a key to identification and comments on characteristics used to diagnose the genus and delimit species. Designations include a lectotype (NMW 46375, 91.7 mm SL) for Trachydoras brevis (Kner 1853) and neotype (ANSP 178443, 100 mm SL) for T. nattereri (Steindachner 1881). The true holotype of T. microstomus (Eigenmann 1912) is identified as FMNH 118302 [ex. FMNH 53207, ex. CM 1650] and the specimen previously cataloged as the holotype (FMNH 53206) is identified as T. brevis.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48365876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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