M. Sabaj, H. López-Fernández, S. Willis, Devya D. Hemraj, D. Taphorn, K. Winemiller
ABSTRACT. A new species of peacock bass, Cichla cataractae, is distinguished from all congeners by molecular evidence and unique patterns of adult and juvenile pigmentation. Juveniles (<150 mm SL) have sides of body dominated by a series of three conspicuous dark blotches with the one below soft dorsal fin largest, attenuated posteriorly (long teardrop shape) but distinctly separated from elliptical caudal blotch; same blotches eventually with pale border (ocellated) in largest juveniles. Adult pattern on sides dominated by two distinct dark blotches, each one ocellated; anterior blotch rounded, located below anterior base of spinous dorsal fin and not extending above anterior lateral line; posterior blotch highly irregular in shape, located below soft dorsal fin and often displaced dorsally; additional dark blotch below posterior base of spinous dorsal fin generally absent or small, ocellated or not, and level with anterior blotch; vertical bars on sides generally absent or faint; postorbital stripe always present, highly broken into irregular series of dark spots, each one usually ocellated. Cichla cataractae is endemic to the Essequibo Basin where it typically inhabits rocky shoals in river channels with swift current. The new species is sympatric with the more widely distributed C. ocellaris, a species that prefers lentic habitats. Molecular analysis supports C. cataractae as a distinct lineage in a clade of Cichla containing C. temensis, C. melaniae, C. mirianae, C. piquiti and C. pinima. The oldest extant specimens of the new species were collected by Carl H. Eigenmann in 1908 and documented in his seminal "The Freshwater Fishes of British Guiana" (Eigenmann, 1912).
{"title":"Cichla cataractae (Cichliformes: Cichlidae), new species of peacock bass from the Essequibo Basin, Guyana and Venezuela","authors":"M. Sabaj, H. López-Fernández, S. Willis, Devya D. Hemraj, D. Taphorn, K. Winemiller","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0106","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A new species of peacock bass, Cichla cataractae, is distinguished from all congeners by molecular evidence and unique patterns of adult and juvenile pigmentation. Juveniles (<150 mm SL) have sides of body dominated by a series of three conspicuous dark blotches with the one below soft dorsal fin largest, attenuated posteriorly (long teardrop shape) but distinctly separated from elliptical caudal blotch; same blotches eventually with pale border (ocellated) in largest juveniles. Adult pattern on sides dominated by two distinct dark blotches, each one ocellated; anterior blotch rounded, located below anterior base of spinous dorsal fin and not extending above anterior lateral line; posterior blotch highly irregular in shape, located below soft dorsal fin and often displaced dorsally; additional dark blotch below posterior base of spinous dorsal fin generally absent or small, ocellated or not, and level with anterior blotch; vertical bars on sides generally absent or faint; postorbital stripe always present, highly broken into irregular series of dark spots, each one usually ocellated. Cichla cataractae is endemic to the Essequibo Basin where it typically inhabits rocky shoals in river channels with swift current. The new species is sympatric with the more widely distributed C. ocellaris, a species that prefers lentic habitats. Molecular analysis supports C. cataractae as a distinct lineage in a clade of Cichla containing C. temensis, C. melaniae, C. mirianae, C. piquiti and C. pinima. The oldest extant specimens of the new species were collected by Carl H. Eigenmann in 1908 and documented in his seminal \"The Freshwater Fishes of British Guiana\" (Eigenmann, 1912).","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44389644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. We discuss new applications of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) systems based on recordings of Amazonian freshwater fauna during a long-term fish monitoring program in the Xingu River, Brazil. BRUVs facilitated estimates of relative abundance and frequency of occurrence for species of river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis, P. expansa, Rhinoclemmys punctularia), river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) and spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in a variety of habitats including rocky rapids, submerged sandy beaches, an artificial reservoir and the Xingu Ria.
{"title":"More than Fish – The Potential of Baited Remote Underwater Video to Assess Freshwater Herpetofauna and Dolphins","authors":"K. Schmid, T. Giarrizzo","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. We discuss new applications of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) systems based on recordings of Amazonian freshwater fauna during a long-term fish monitoring program in the Xingu River, Brazil. BRUVs facilitated estimates of relative abundance and frequency of occurrence for species of river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis, P. expansa, Rhinoclemmys punctularia), river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) and spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in a variety of habitats including rocky rapids, submerged sandy beaches, an artificial reservoir and the Xingu Ria.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45818889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Anné, Allison R. Tumarkin-Deratzian, Hope J. Cuff, P. Orsini, B. Grandstaff
ABSTRACT. Our understanding of pathological conditions is usually centered on human and domesticated species. Thus, a vast array of pathologies within vertebrates are unknown, especially those that occur in exotics and those that lack external characters, such as conditions that affect the skeleton. Exotics represent a majority of the vertebrates housed in zoos and other wildlife centers, and in the larger picture of conservation, represent the best way to determine potential health threats and cures for endangered and threatened species in the wild. Here we describe a case of acromegaly, a rare condition of excess growth hormone, in a hog badger (Arctonyx collaris) based on Computed Tomography (CT). This is the first documented occurrence of this condition in non-human or non-domesticated mammals, and the first occurrence within Mustelidae. The recognition of this rare condition within a badger suggests that acromegaly may be more widespread within mammals than previously thought, and has implications for diagnosis of other exotics within zoos.
{"title":"Acromegaly in a Hog Badger (Arctonyx collaris)","authors":"J. Anné, Allison R. Tumarkin-Deratzian, Hope J. Cuff, P. Orsini, B. Grandstaff","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Our understanding of pathological conditions is usually centered on human and domesticated species. Thus, a vast array of pathologies within vertebrates are unknown, especially those that occur in exotics and those that lack external characters, such as conditions that affect the skeleton. Exotics represent a majority of the vertebrates housed in zoos and other wildlife centers, and in the larger picture of conservation, represent the best way to determine potential health threats and cures for endangered and threatened species in the wild. Here we describe a case of acromegaly, a rare condition of excess growth hormone, in a hog badger (Arctonyx collaris) based on Computed Tomography (CT). This is the first documented occurrence of this condition in non-human or non-domesticated mammals, and the first occurrence within Mustelidae. The recognition of this rare condition within a badger suggests that acromegaly may be more widespread within mammals than previously thought, and has implications for diagnosis of other exotics within zoos.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49577671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. Alvin R. Cahn (1892-1971) was Professor of Zoology at the University of Illinois and latterly worked in conservation for the Tennessee Valley Authority. In the years following World War II he was on the staff of Allied General Headquarters in Tokyo, where he produced several major reports on mollusks. This paper focuses on his GHQ career and in particular his relationship with Tokubei Kuroda (1886-1987), the most important Japanese malacologist of the 20th century.
{"title":"Alvin Cahn: a man of science in post-war Japan","authors":"P. Callomon","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Alvin R. Cahn (1892-1971) was Professor of Zoology at the University of Illinois and latterly worked in conservation for the Tennessee Valley Authority. In the years following World War II he was on the staff of Allied General Headquarters in Tokyo, where he produced several major reports on mollusks. This paper focuses on his GHQ career and in particular his relationship with Tokubei Kuroda (1886-1987), the most important Japanese malacologist of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41552450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Herbivorous fishes feed on stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, and nuts of diverse aquatic plants, as well as algae. Pacus are the herbivorous cousins of piranhas and consume a myriad of diets comprised of these plant products, but a few species are phytophages, herbivores that feed almost exclusively on rapids-dwelling (rheophilic) riverweed plants from the family Podostemaceae. The degree to which pacus feed on riverweed varies from obligate year-round consumption to strictly seasonal, facultative feeding. Obligate phytophages feed heavily on riverweed and strictly occur in river rapids, while facultative phytophages only consume riverweed during seasons with low flow. Does ecological specialization (diet) beget morphological specialization in the feeding apparatus and/or body shape of phytophages? Under a phylogenetic framework, we used micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning to compare functional feeding traits among 26 species of serrasalmids, four of which are obligate phytophages. We also compared body shape between pacus using geometric morphometrics to identify potential locomotor adaptations for rheophily. Obligate phytophages have dentitions and slicing jaws well-suited for shearing fleshy plant material relative to other pacus, which are equipped with fruit and seed crushing morphologies. Unrelated obligate phytophages have also converged on a similar body shape that is distinct from sympatric congeneric herbivores. Phytophagy involves more consistent changes to body shape than to feeding morphology, suggesting that body shape has more important ties to diet.
{"title":"Body shape separates guilds of rheophilic herbivores (Myleinae: Serrasalmidae) better than feeding morphology","authors":"J. Huie, A. Summers, M. Kolmann","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0116","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Herbivorous fishes feed on stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, and nuts of diverse aquatic plants, as well as algae. Pacus are the herbivorous cousins of piranhas and consume a myriad of diets comprised of these plant products, but a few species are phytophages, herbivores that feed almost exclusively on rapids-dwelling (rheophilic) riverweed plants from the family Podostemaceae. The degree to which pacus feed on riverweed varies from obligate year-round consumption to strictly seasonal, facultative feeding. Obligate phytophages feed heavily on riverweed and strictly occur in river rapids, while facultative phytophages only consume riverweed during seasons with low flow. Does ecological specialization (diet) beget morphological specialization in the feeding apparatus and/or body shape of phytophages? Under a phylogenetic framework, we used micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning to compare functional feeding traits among 26 species of serrasalmids, four of which are obligate phytophages. We also compared body shape between pacus using geometric morphometrics to identify potential locomotor adaptations for rheophily. Obligate phytophages have dentitions and slicing jaws well-suited for shearing fleshy plant material relative to other pacus, which are equipped with fruit and seed crushing morphologies. Unrelated obligate phytophages have also converged on a similar body shape that is distinct from sympatric congeneric herbivores. Phytophagy involves more consistent changes to body shape than to feeding morphology, suggesting that body shape has more important ties to diet.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49020876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cárlison Silva-Oliveira, M. Sabaj, R. P. Ota, L. R. Py-Daniel
ABSTRACT. A new species of Bryconops is described from the rio Xingu Basin, Brazil, that differs from all congeners by the following combination of characters: predorsal scales 8–9, perforated scales in the lateral line 43–45, and pigmentation pattern composed of wide silvery midlateral band on body, hyaline dorsal and anal fins (in alcohol), and dark blotch on distal half of dorsal caudal-fin lobe. The new species shares with members of the subgenus Bryconops maxillary relatively short, edentulous or with one conical tooth, and gill rakers without ossified denticles. The middle and lower Xingu support a remarkable diversity of Bryconops composed of at least nine species-level taxa; comments on their local distributions and habitats are provided, as well as a key to their identification.
{"title":"Bryconops rheorubrum (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae), new species from the Rio Xingu Rapids, Brazil","authors":"Cárlison Silva-Oliveira, M. Sabaj, R. P. Ota, L. R. Py-Daniel","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0115","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A new species of Bryconops is described from the rio Xingu Basin, Brazil, that differs from all congeners by the following combination of characters: predorsal scales 8–9, perforated scales in the lateral line 43–45, and pigmentation pattern composed of wide silvery midlateral band on body, hyaline dorsal and anal fins (in alcohol), and dark blotch on distal half of dorsal caudal-fin lobe. The new species shares with members of the subgenus Bryconops maxillary relatively short, edentulous or with one conical tooth, and gill rakers without ossified denticles. The middle and lower Xingu support a remarkable diversity of Bryconops composed of at least nine species-level taxa; comments on their local distributions and habitats are provided, as well as a key to their identification.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42488751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. Thomas Say (1787–1834) based his description of the ammonite species Baculites ovata (= B. ovatus) on a single specimen in the collection of his childhood friend, the Quaker naturalist Reuben Haines III (1786–1831). However, the specimen's whereabouts faded from memory after Haines and Say both died unexpectedly in the early 1830s. The holotype specimen has been missing for more than 180 years, and was thought to be lost or destroyed until 2017, when I relocated it at Haines's ancestral home (Wyck) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where his collection was preserved by his descendants in its original wooden cabinet. Herein, I present the first photographic images, an illustration of its suture line, and quantitative measurements for use by systematic paleontologists.
摘要托马斯·萨伊(1787-1834)对鹦鹉螺物种Baculites ovata (= B. ovatus)的描述是基于他儿时的朋友、贵格会博物学家鲁本·海恩斯三世(1786-1831)收集的一个标本。然而，在海恩斯和萨伊于19世纪30年代初意外去世后，这个标本的下落逐渐淡出人们的记忆。这个全模标本已经失踪了180多年，一直被认为是丢失或毁坏了，直到2017年，我把它重新安置在海恩斯位于宾夕法尼亚州费城的祖宅(Wyck)，他的藏品被他的后代保存在原来的木柜里。在这里，我展示了第一批摄影图像，它的缝合线的插图，以及供系统古生物学家使用的定量测量。
{"title":"Rediscovery of the holotype of the extinct cephalopod Baculites ovatus Say, 1820 after nearly two centuries","authors":"Matthew R. Halley","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Thomas Say (1787–1834) based his description of the ammonite species Baculites ovata (= B. ovatus) on a single specimen in the collection of his childhood friend, the Quaker naturalist Reuben Haines III (1786–1831). However, the specimen's whereabouts faded from memory after Haines and Say both died unexpectedly in the early 1830s. The holotype specimen has been missing for more than 180 years, and was thought to be lost or destroyed until 2017, when I relocated it at Haines's ancestral home (Wyck) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where his collection was preserved by his descendants in its original wooden cabinet. Herein, I present the first photographic images, an illustration of its suture line, and quantitative measurements for use by systematic paleontologists.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42102411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. New material from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Catskill Formation of Pennsylvania, USA, reveals anatomical details previously lacking from the enigmatic fossil species that Newberry (1889, U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 16:1–228) named Holoptychius ? radiatus. The original material (scales and lepidotrichia) was attributed to Holoptychius (Sarcopterygii, Porolepiformes) according to the ridged ornament on the exposed portion of the scales. Scale and cranial anatomy revealed by the new material supports a reassignment of the species to Langlieria (Sarcopterygii, Tristichopteridae). The emended diagnosis of the new combination includes the grooved scale ornament that was noted, though described differently by Newberry, and a posterior oblique pitline groove of the parietal that extends to the caudal margin of the element. Along with Hyneria lindae and Eusthenodon sp. indet., there are now at least three known species of Tristichopteridae from the Catskill Formation. Temporal/spatial separation of these species, along with supporting anatomical characteristics, suggests that tristichopterids commonly filled the ecological niche of top predator in the Famennian-age nonmarine ecosystems of the Catskill Delta Complex. The presence of a Langlieria species in the Catskill Formation lends further support to a biogeographic connection between Pennsylvania, USA, and Belgium during the Famennian Stage of the Upper Devonian.
{"title":"New material supports a description and taxonomic revision of Holoptychius ? radiatus (Sarcopterygii, Tristichopteridae) from the Upper Devonian Catskill Formation in Pennsylvania, USA","authors":"E. Daeschler, J. Downs, Chelsea Matzko","doi":"10.1635/053.167.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. New material from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Catskill Formation of Pennsylvania, USA, reveals anatomical details previously lacking from the enigmatic fossil species that Newberry (1889, U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 16:1–228) named Holoptychius ? radiatus. The original material (scales and lepidotrichia) was attributed to Holoptychius (Sarcopterygii, Porolepiformes) according to the ridged ornament on the exposed portion of the scales. Scale and cranial anatomy revealed by the new material supports a reassignment of the species to Langlieria (Sarcopterygii, Tristichopteridae). The emended diagnosis of the new combination includes the grooved scale ornament that was noted, though described differently by Newberry, and a posterior oblique pitline groove of the parietal that extends to the caudal margin of the element. Along with Hyneria lindae and Eusthenodon sp. indet., there are now at least three known species of Tristichopteridae from the Catskill Formation. Temporal/spatial separation of these species, along with supporting anatomical characteristics, suggests that tristichopterids commonly filled the ecological niche of top predator in the Famennian-age nonmarine ecosystems of the Catskill Delta Complex. The presence of a Langlieria species in the Catskill Formation lends further support to a biogeographic connection between Pennsylvania, USA, and Belgium during the Famennian Stage of the Upper Devonian.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44044885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. A new species of Creagrutus is described from the upper rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters that includes dorsal fin mostly black, a dark oblique blotch on middle and upper-inferior caudal-fin rays, and presence of only two rows of premaxillary teeth. Creagrutus mucipu, formerly known only from the upper rio Tocantins basin in Brazil, is recorded herein as occurring syntopically with the new species in the upper rio Xingu basin.
{"title":"A new Creagrutus from the upper rio Xingu basin, Brazil (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)","authors":"Nelson Flausino, Flávio C. T. Lima","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0114","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A new species of Creagrutus is described from the upper rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters that includes dorsal fin mostly black, a dark oblique blotch on middle and upper-inferior caudal-fin rays, and presence of only two rows of premaxillary teeth. Creagrutus mucipu, formerly known only from the upper rio Tocantins basin in Brazil, is recorded herein as occurring syntopically with the new species in the upper rio Xingu basin.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44578029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Volkmer-Ribeiro, M. Mansur, D. Pereira, J. Tiemann, K. Cummings, M. Sabaj
ABSTRACT. During a pilot survey, sponges and mollusks were sampled from the bottom of the middle Xingu River (rapids) and lower Xingu River (ria) via hand-picking in shallows and trawling and surface-supplied dives in deeper waters. The survey revealed a benthic community composed of eight sponge species in four genera and three families, and added six species to the Xingu Basin fauna. Sponges exhibited distinct variation in body shape corresponding to local environmental conditions such as water depth, current velocity and available substrates. Sponges inhabiting rocky bottoms in swift currents (rapids) typically formed crusts. Those in the deeper, calmer waters of the ria attained massive and elaborate forms while attached to infaunal bivalves. Oncosclera navicella and Drulia cristata exhibited crusts and massive forms as adaptations to rapids and ria, respectively. In the middle to lower Xingu, sponges encrusted the shells of eleven species of bivalves (seven infaunal, three epifaunal, and one infaunal/epifaunal) and one infaunal/epifaunal gastropod. Bivalves provide key substrates for supporting sponges above the sand, mud and detritus of the Xingu ria. Potential impacts of the Belo Monte Dam complex on the sponge fauna of the middle Xingu rapids are discussed.
{"title":"Sponge and mollusk associations in a benthic filter-feeding assemblage in the middle and lower Xingu River, Brazil","authors":"C. Volkmer-Ribeiro, M. Mansur, D. Pereira, J. Tiemann, K. Cummings, M. Sabaj","doi":"10.1635/053.166.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1635/053.166.0113","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. During a pilot survey, sponges and mollusks were sampled from the bottom of the middle Xingu River (rapids) and lower Xingu River (ria) via hand-picking in shallows and trawling and surface-supplied dives in deeper waters. The survey revealed a benthic community composed of eight sponge species in four genera and three families, and added six species to the Xingu Basin fauna. Sponges exhibited distinct variation in body shape corresponding to local environmental conditions such as water depth, current velocity and available substrates. Sponges inhabiting rocky bottoms in swift currents (rapids) typically formed crusts. Those in the deeper, calmer waters of the ria attained massive and elaborate forms while attached to infaunal bivalves. Oncosclera navicella and Drulia cristata exhibited crusts and massive forms as adaptations to rapids and ria, respectively. In the middle to lower Xingu, sponges encrusted the shells of eleven species of bivalves (seven infaunal, three epifaunal, and one infaunal/epifaunal) and one infaunal/epifaunal gastropod. Bivalves provide key substrates for supporting sponges above the sand, mud and detritus of the Xingu ria. Potential impacts of the Belo Monte Dam complex on the sponge fauna of the middle Xingu rapids are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54579,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45027064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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