{"title":"Announcement of the first Population Ecology Award","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1438-390x.12066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44884966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fundamental challenge of the inclusion of the human dimension of the oceans in the Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs) provides an opportunity for a transdisciplinary approach to create synergies between the current research by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). We have highlighted the importance of ocean inequality as a critical aspect to consider to unlock current barriers to integrate social sciences in marine integrated assessments. To create bridges between them, we develop an Ocean's Benefits to People (OBP) framework that embraces the blue economy, equity, the UN SDGs goals and support an Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) for the oceans.
{"title":"Linking Ocean's Benefits to People (OBP) with Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs)","authors":"A. Belgrano, S. Villasante","doi":"10.1002/1438-390X.12064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390X.12064","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental challenge of the inclusion of the human dimension of the oceans in the Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs) provides an opportunity for a transdisciplinary approach to create synergies between the current research by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). We have highlighted the importance of ocean inequality as a critical aspect to consider to unlock current barriers to integrate social sciences in marine integrated assessments. To create bridges between them, we develop an Ocean's Benefits to People (OBP) framework that embraces the blue economy, equity, the UN SDGs goals and support an Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) for the oceans.","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1438-390X.12064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43296776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many species show large variation in lifetime reproductive success (LRS), with a few individuals producing the majority of offspring. This variation can be explained by factors related to individuals (fixed heterogeneity) and stochastic differences in survival and reproduction (dynamic heterogeneity). In this study, we study the relative effects of these processes on the LRS of a Dutch Kestrel population, using three different methods. First, we extended neutral simulations by simulating LRS distributions of populations consisting of groups with increasingly different population parameters. Decomposition of total LRS variance into contributions from fixed and dynamic heterogeneity revealed that the proportion of fixed heterogeneity is probably lower than 10% of the total variance. Secondly, we used sensitivities of the mean and variance in LRS to each parameter to analytically show that it is impossible to get equal contributions of fixed and dynamic heterogeneity when only one parameter differs between groups. Finally, we computed the LRS probability distribution to show that even when all individuals have identical survival and reproduction rates, the variance in LRS is large (females: 27.52, males: 12.99). Although each method has its limitations, they all lead to the conclusion that the majority of the variation in kestrel LRS is caused by dynamic heterogeneity. This large effect of
{"title":"Relative contributions of fixed and dynamic heterogeneity to variation in lifetime reproductive success in kestrels (\u0000 \u0000 Falco tinnunculus\u0000 \u0000 )","authors":"M. Broekman, E. Jongejans, S. Tuljapurkar","doi":"10.1002/1438-390X.12063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390X.12063","url":null,"abstract":"Many species show large variation in lifetime reproductive success (LRS), with a few individuals producing the majority of offspring. This variation can be explained by factors related to individuals (fixed heterogeneity) and stochastic differences in survival and reproduction (dynamic heterogeneity). In this study, we study the relative effects of these processes on the LRS of a Dutch Kestrel population, using three different methods. First, we extended neutral simulations by simulating LRS distributions of populations consisting of groups with increasingly different population parameters. Decomposition of total LRS variance into contributions from fixed and dynamic heterogeneity revealed that the proportion of fixed heterogeneity is probably lower than 10% of the total variance. Secondly, we used sensitivities of the mean and variance in LRS to each parameter to analytically show that it is impossible to get equal contributions of fixed and dynamic heterogeneity when only one parameter differs between groups. Finally, we computed the LRS probability distribution to show that even when all individuals have identical survival and reproduction rates, the variance in LRS is large (females: 27.52, males: 12.99). Although each method has its limitations, they all lead to the conclusion that the majority of the variation in kestrel LRS is caused by dynamic heterogeneity. This large effect of","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1438-390X.12063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44609950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Niche relations in a small world: Epizoic algae on an intertidal gastropod","authors":"Yumiko Osawa, M. Tokeshi","doi":"10.1002/1438-390X.12065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390X.12065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":"62 1","pages":"395-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1438-390X.12065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential stocks of reef fish‐based ecosystem services in the Kuroshio Current region: Their relationship with latitude and biodiversity","authors":"Masaaki Sato, Y. Nakamura, Masakazu Hori","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1438-390x.12061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44874650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew M. Liebhold, C. Björkman, A. Roques, O. Bjørnstad, M. Klapwijk
We explore a common feature of insect population dynamics, interspecific synchrony, which refers to synchrony in population dynamics among sympatric populations of different species. Such synchrony can arise via several possible mechanisms, including shared environmental effects and shared trophic interactions, but distinguishing the relative importance among different mechanisms can be challenging. We analyze interannual time series of population densities of the larch budmoth, Zeiraphera griseana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), along with six sympatric larch-feeding folivores from a site in the European Alps 1952 – 1979. These species include five lepidopterans, Exapate duratella , Ptycholomoides aeriferana , Spilonota laricana , Epirrita autumnata and Teleiodes saltuum , and one hymenopteran sawfly Pristiphora laricis . We docu-ment that the highly regular oscillatory behavior (period 9 – 10 years) of Z . griseana populations is similarly evident in the dynamics of most of the sympatric folivores. We also find that all of the sympatric species are phase synchronized with Z . griseana populations with half of the sympatric species exhibiting nonlagged phase synchrony and three of the species exhibiting 2 – 5 year lags behind Z . griseana populations. We adapt a previously developed tritrophic model of Z . griseana dynamics to explore possible mechanisms responsible for observed phase synchronization. Results suggest that either shared stochastic influences (e.g., weather) or shared parasitoid impacts are likely causes of nonlagged phase synchronization. The model further indicates that observed patterns of lagged phase synchronization are most likely caused by either shared delayed induced host plant defenses or direct density-dependent effects shared with Z . griseana .
{"title":"Outbreaking forest insect drives phase synchrony among sympatric folivores: Exploring potential mechanisms","authors":"Andrew M. Liebhold, C. Björkman, A. Roques, O. Bjørnstad, M. Klapwijk","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12060","url":null,"abstract":"We explore a common feature of insect population dynamics, interspecific synchrony, which refers to synchrony in population dynamics among sympatric populations of different species. Such synchrony can arise via several possible mechanisms, including shared environmental effects and shared trophic interactions, but distinguishing the relative importance among different mechanisms can be challenging. We analyze interannual time series of population densities of the larch budmoth, Zeiraphera griseana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), along with six sympatric larch-feeding folivores from a site in the European Alps 1952 – 1979. These species include five lepidopterans, Exapate duratella , Ptycholomoides aeriferana , Spilonota laricana , Epirrita autumnata and Teleiodes saltuum , and one hymenopteran sawfly Pristiphora laricis . We docu-ment that the highly regular oscillatory behavior (period 9 – 10 years) of Z . griseana populations is similarly evident in the dynamics of most of the sympatric folivores. We also find that all of the sympatric species are phase synchronized with Z . griseana populations with half of the sympatric species exhibiting nonlagged phase synchrony and three of the species exhibiting 2 – 5 year lags behind Z . griseana populations. We adapt a previously developed tritrophic model of Z . griseana dynamics to explore possible mechanisms responsible for observed phase synchronization. Results suggest that either shared stochastic influences (e.g., weather) or shared parasitoid impacts are likely causes of nonlagged phase synchronization. The model further indicates that observed patterns of lagged phase synchronization are most likely caused by either shared delayed induced host plant defenses or direct density-dependent effects shared with Z . griseana .","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1438-390x.12060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48469531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organisms can respond to fluctuating environments by phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution, both occurring on similar timescales to the environmental fluctuations. Because each adaptation mechanism has been independently studied, the effects of different adaptation mechanisms on ecological dynamics are not well understood. Here, using mathematical modeling, we compared the advantages of phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution under conditions where the environment fluctuated between two states on various timescales. The results indicate that the advantages of phenotypic plasticity under environmental fluctuations on different timescales depend on the cost and the speed of plasticity. Both the speed of plastic adaptation and the cost of plasticity affect competition results, while the quantitative effects of them vary depending on the timescales. When the environment fluctuates on short timescales, the two populations with evolution and plasticity coexist, although the population with evolution is dominant. On moderate timescales, the two populations also coexist; however, the population with plasticity becomes dominant. On long timescales, whether the population with phenotypic plasticity or evolution is more advantageous depended on the cost of plasticity. Moreover,
{"title":"The timescale of environmental fluctuations determines the competitive advantages of phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution","authors":"Minoru Kasada, Takehito Yoshida","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12059","url":null,"abstract":"Organisms can respond to fluctuating environments by phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution, both occurring on similar timescales to the environmental fluctuations. Because each adaptation mechanism has been independently studied, the effects of different adaptation mechanisms on ecological dynamics are not well understood. Here, using mathematical modeling, we compared the advantages of phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution under conditions where the environment fluctuated between two states on various timescales. The results indicate that the advantages of phenotypic plasticity under environmental fluctuations on different timescales depend on the cost and the speed of plasticity. Both the speed of plastic adaptation and the cost of plasticity affect competition results, while the quantitative effects of them vary depending on the timescales. When the environment fluctuates on short timescales, the two populations with evolution and plasticity coexist, although the population with evolution is dominant. On moderate timescales, the two populations also coexist; however, the population with plasticity becomes dominant. On long timescales, whether the population with phenotypic plasticity or evolution is more advantageous depended on the cost of plasticity. Moreover,","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1438-390x.12059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42948024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial variation in breeding phenology at small spatial scales: A stochastic effect of population size","authors":"Kae Takahashi, Takuya Sato","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":"62 1","pages":"332-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1438-390x.12049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48627673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Competitive abilities and distribution ranges of four asexual\u0000 \u0000 Daphnia pulex\u0000 \u0000 lineages and\u0000 \u0000 Daphnia mitsukuri\u0000 \u0000 in Eurasian continental islands","authors":"Natsumi Maruoka, J. Urabe","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":"62 1","pages":"353-363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1438-390x.12054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46709932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of environmental synchrony and density‐dependent dispersal on temporal and spatial slopes of Taylor's law","authors":"T. Saitoh","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":"62 1","pages":"300-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1438-390x.12051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42237805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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