In reproductive interference (RI), the fitness of individuals or populations is decreased through reproductive interactions with other species. This process results in positive frequency dependence, hindering species coexistence. However, theory predicts that species can coexist under weak RI. Habitat segregation can decrease the opportunity for reproductive interactions between species. Thus, a difference in habitat preference between species may weaken RI and facilitate coexistence. We examined this hypothesis by investigating the habitat uses of closely related Ohomopterus ground beetle species under RI, Carabus insulicola and C. esakii, in limited zones of sympatry at their distributional boundary. The effect of RI may be stronger for females of C. esakii than those of C. insulicola due to asymmetry in the genital size mismatch between the species (C. insulicola males have larger genitalia). Field surveys of local abundances and associations with local environmental parameters revealed contrasting habitat uses between the species. C. insulicola preferred open environments, while C. esakii inhabited forest environments. Interestingly, the habitat use of C. esakii, not C. insulicola, changed depending on the frequency of the other species; the species utilized habitats with a low frequency of C. insulicola. The difference in habitat use and its dependence on the frequency of the other species may facilitate species coexistence by promoting habitat segregation within a continuous landscape. Our findings provide insights into the importance of (plastic) trait differences in species distributions and coexistence under RI.
在生殖干扰（RI）中，个体或种群的适合度会因与其他物种的生殖互动而降低。这一过程会导致正频率依赖性，阻碍物种共存。然而，理论预测物种可以在弱生殖干扰下共存。生境隔离会减少物种间的生殖互动机会。因此，物种之间对栖息地偏好的差异可能会削弱 RI 并促进物种共存。我们通过在分布边界的有限共生区研究了在 RI 下密切相关的大鳞翅目地鳖物种 Carabus insulicola 和 C. esakii 对栖息地的利用，从而验证了这一假设。esakii的雌虫受到的RI影响可能比C. insulicola的雌虫更大，这是因为两个物种的生殖器大小不匹配（C. insulicola雄虫的生殖器更大）。通过实地调查当地的丰度以及与当地环境参数的关联，发现这两个物种对栖息地的利用情况截然不同。C. insulicola喜欢开阔的环境，而 C. esakii则栖息在森林环境中。有趣的是，C. esakii（而非 C. insulicola）对栖息地的利用随其他物种出现频率的变化而变化；该物种利用 C. insulicola 出现频率较低的栖息地。栖息地利用的差异及其对其他物种出现频率的依赖可能会通过促进连续景观中的栖息地隔离来促进物种共存。我们的研究结果让我们深入了解了（可塑性）性状差异在 RI 下物种分布和共存中的重要性。
{"title":"Interspecific difference and frequency dependence in habitat use of coexisting Ohomopterus ground beetle species under reproductive interference","authors":"Masayuki Ujiie, Kohei Kubota, Y. Takami","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12194","url":null,"abstract":"In reproductive interference (RI), the fitness of individuals or populations is decreased through reproductive interactions with other species. This process results in positive frequency dependence, hindering species coexistence. However, theory predicts that species can coexist under weak RI. Habitat segregation can decrease the opportunity for reproductive interactions between species. Thus, a difference in habitat preference between species may weaken RI and facilitate coexistence. We examined this hypothesis by investigating the habitat uses of closely related Ohomopterus ground beetle species under RI, Carabus insulicola and C. esakii, in limited zones of sympatry at their distributional boundary. The effect of RI may be stronger for females of C. esakii than those of C. insulicola due to asymmetry in the genital size mismatch between the species (C. insulicola males have larger genitalia). Field surveys of local abundances and associations with local environmental parameters revealed contrasting habitat uses between the species. C. insulicola preferred open environments, while C. esakii inhabited forest environments. Interestingly, the habitat use of C. esakii, not C. insulicola, changed depending on the frequency of the other species; the species utilized habitats with a low frequency of C. insulicola. The difference in habitat use and its dependence on the frequency of the other species may facilitate species coexistence by promoting habitat segregation within a continuous landscape. Our findings provide insights into the importance of (plastic) trait differences in species distributions and coexistence under RI.","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because populations are at the mercy of random disturbances large and small, they rarely, if ever, converge on predicted long‐term behaviors. Therefore, when employing matrix population models, ecologists study the dynamics of populations that depart from stable distributions. Necessary for such studies are indices of transient dynamics that measure the size of short‐term population fluctuations. These indices advance our understanding of population dynamics by revealing that population growth rate in a single timestep can far exceed the stable population growth rate. Despite their value, indices of transient behavior possess two major shortcomings: they are scale dependent and easily distorted by outsized population classes. Distortion occurs whenever immature classes, due to their sheer size, carry greater weight in the calculation of population size than mature classes. Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso), for example, have an immature age class (eggs) that is several orders of magnitude larger than its mature age classes. To remove the undue influence of outsized classes, I use balancing, which rescales classes by the stable population distribution and makes the indices of transient dynamics scale invariant. I apply balancing to 1800 population projection matrices for various species across the Animal Kingdom, using reactivity and the Henrici metric of non‐normality as indices of transient dynamics. I found that balancing profoundly changes the picture of which populations have the greatest or least potential transient dynamics. Using a population projection matrix for northern pike (Esox lucius), I demonstrate how balancing influences pseudospectra contour plots that are used to infer transient dynamics.
{"title":"Balancing: A solution to our distorted indices of transient dynamics","authors":"R. A. Hinrichsen","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12178","url":null,"abstract":"Because populations are at the mercy of random disturbances large and small, they rarely, if ever, converge on predicted long‐term behaviors. Therefore, when employing matrix population models, ecologists study the dynamics of populations that depart from stable distributions. Necessary for such studies are indices of transient dynamics that measure the size of short‐term population fluctuations. These indices advance our understanding of population dynamics by revealing that population growth rate in a single timestep can far exceed the stable population growth rate. Despite their value, indices of transient behavior possess two major shortcomings: they are scale dependent and easily distorted by outsized population classes. Distortion occurs whenever immature classes, due to their sheer size, carry greater weight in the calculation of population size than mature classes. Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso), for example, have an immature age class (eggs) that is several orders of magnitude larger than its mature age classes. To remove the undue influence of outsized classes, I use balancing, which rescales classes by the stable population distribution and makes the indices of transient dynamics scale invariant. I apply balancing to 1800 population projection matrices for various species across the Animal Kingdom, using reactivity and the Henrici metric of non‐normality as indices of transient dynamics. I found that balancing profoundly changes the picture of which populations have the greatest or least potential transient dynamics. Using a population projection matrix for northern pike (Esox lucius), I demonstrate how balancing influences pseudospectra contour plots that are used to infer transient dynamics.","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID‐19, caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2), is an emerging infectious disease (EID) with a relatively high infectivity and mortality rate. During the state of emergency announced by the Japanese government in the spring of 2020, citizens were requested to stay home, and the number of infected people was drastically reduced without a legally‐binding lockdown. It is well‐acknowledged that there is a trade‐off between maintaining economic activity and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. We aimed to reduce the total loss caused by the epidemic of an EID like COVID‐19 in the present study. We focused on early and late stages of the epidemic and proposed a framework to reduce the total loss resulted from the damage by infection and the cost for the countermeasure. Mathematical epidemic models were used to estimate the effect of interventions on the number of deaths by infection. The total loss was converted into the monetary base and different policies were compared. In the early stage, we calculated the damage by infection when behavioral restrictions were implemented. The favorable intensity of the intervention depended on the basic reproduction number, infection fatality rate, and the economic impact. In the late stage, we calculated indicators and showed it depended on the ratio of the cost to maintain the hospitalization system to the monetary loss per deaths caused by infection to determine which strategy should be adopted.
{"title":"The trade‐off between deaths by infection and socio‐economic costs in the emerging infectious disease","authors":"Akira Watanabe, Hiroyuki Matsuda","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12177","url":null,"abstract":"COVID‐19, caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2), is an emerging infectious disease (EID) with a relatively high infectivity and mortality rate. During the state of emergency announced by the Japanese government in the spring of 2020, citizens were requested to stay home, and the number of infected people was drastically reduced without a legally‐binding lockdown. It is well‐acknowledged that there is a trade‐off between maintaining economic activity and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. We aimed to reduce the total loss caused by the epidemic of an EID like COVID‐19 in the present study. We focused on early and late stages of the epidemic and proposed a framework to reduce the total loss resulted from the damage by infection and the cost for the countermeasure. Mathematical epidemic models were used to estimate the effect of interventions on the number of deaths by infection. The total loss was converted into the monetary base and different policies were compared. In the early stage, we calculated the damage by infection when behavioral restrictions were implemented. The favorable intensity of the intervention depended on the basic reproduction number, infection fatality rate, and the economic impact. In the late stage, we calculated indicators and showed it depended on the ratio of the cost to maintain the hospitalization system to the monetary loss per deaths caused by infection to determine which strategy should be adopted.","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taylor's law (TL) describes the relationship between the variance and mean of population density: log10(variance) ≈ log10(a) + b × log10(mean), a > 0. This study analyzed the temporal TL, for which mean and variance are calculated over time, separately for each population in a collection of populations, considering the effects of the parameters of the Gompertz model (a second‐order autoregressive time‐series model) and the skewness of the density frequency distribution. Time series of 162 populations of the gray‐sided vole in Hokkaido, Japan, spanning 23–31 years, satisfied the temporal TL: log10(variancej) ≈ 0.199 + 1.687 × log10(meanj). This model explained 62% of the variation of log10(variancej). An extended model with explanatory variables log10(meanj), the density‐dependent coefficient for 1‐year lag (α1,j), that for 2‐year lag (α2,j), the density‐independent variability (σj2), and the skewness (γj), explained 93.9% of the log10(variancej) variation. In the extended model, the coefficient of log10(meanj) was 1.949, close to the null value (b = 2) of the TL slope. The standardized partial regression coefficients indicated that density‐independent effects (σj2 and γj) dominated density‐dependent effects (α1,j and α2,j) apart from log10(meanj). The negative correlations observed between σj2 and log10(meanj), and between γj and log10(meanj), played an essential role in explaining the difference between the estimated slope of TL (b = 1.687) and the null slope (b = 2). The effects of those explanatory variables on log10(variancej) were interpreted based on the theory of a second‐order autoregressive time‐series model.
{"title":"Quantifying factors that explain the slopes of the temporal Taylor's law of Hokkaido vole populations","authors":"Takashi Saitoh, Joel E. Cohen","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12176","url":null,"abstract":"Taylor's law (TL) describes the relationship between the variance and mean of population density: log10(variance) ≈ log10(a) + b × log10(mean), a > 0. This study analyzed the temporal TL, for which mean and variance are calculated over time, separately for each population in a collection of populations, considering the effects of the parameters of the Gompertz model (a second‐order autoregressive time‐series model) and the skewness of the density frequency distribution. Time series of 162 populations of the gray‐sided vole in Hokkaido, Japan, spanning 23–31 years, satisfied the temporal TL: log10(variancej) ≈ 0.199 + 1.687 × log10(meanj). This model explained 62% of the variation of log10(variancej). An extended model with explanatory variables log10(meanj), the density‐dependent coefficient for 1‐year lag (α1,j), that for 2‐year lag (α2,j), the density‐independent variability (σj2), and the skewness (γj), explained 93.9% of the log10(variancej) variation. In the extended model, the coefficient of log10(meanj) was 1.949, close to the null value (b = 2) of the TL slope. The standardized partial regression coefficients indicated that density‐independent effects (σj2 and γj) dominated density‐dependent effects (α1,j and α2,j) apart from log10(meanj). The negative correlations observed between σj2 and log10(meanj), and between γj and log10(meanj), played an essential role in explaining the difference between the estimated slope of TL (b = 1.687) and the null slope (b = 2). The effects of those explanatory variables on log10(variancej) were interpreted based on the theory of a second‐order autoregressive time‐series model.","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139625612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Almost all ecosystems are open systems, meaning that significant changes in one ecosystem can lead to unexpected changes in others. Deer overabundance has become a problem worldwide, leading to forest degradation that has impacts on not only terrestrial, but also aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to investigate the regional‐scale importance of large herbivores in inter‐ecosystem interactions by examining the effects of deer‐induced forest degradation on fish populations. We selected similar‐scale catchments from river systems in Hyogo, Japan, that differed in the time since deer‐induced forest degradation. Conventional surveys for fish densities and microhabitat environments were conducted in 23 catchments, and surveys using quantitative eDNA metabarcoding were conducted in 95 catchments. We examined the relationships between fish population densities, microhabitats, and time since forest degradation, considering confounding effects. Data from 8 and 17 fish taxa detected by snorkeling and eDNA methods, respectively, were available for statistical analysis. Snorkeling‐counts (Individuals/1 m transect) and eDNA concentrations (Copies/L) in river water were strongly correlated. Fine sediments on riverbeds were increased in the 3–15 years following forest degradation and decreased after 16 years. Population densities of sand‐preferring fishes, as inferred from both eDNA and snorkeling, reasonably followed this pattern. These patterns may be caused by the depletion of fine sediments on mountain slopes. The results of this study suggest that deer‐induced worldwide alternation may also occur in aquatic ecosystems.
{"title":"Regional‐scale effects of deer‐induced forest degradation on river ecosystem dynamics","authors":"Hikaru Nakagawa, Daisuke Fujiki, Hiroo Numata, Luhan Wu, Terutaka Mori, T. Minamoto","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12174","url":null,"abstract":"Almost all ecosystems are open systems, meaning that significant changes in one ecosystem can lead to unexpected changes in others. Deer overabundance has become a problem worldwide, leading to forest degradation that has impacts on not only terrestrial, but also aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to investigate the regional‐scale importance of large herbivores in inter‐ecosystem interactions by examining the effects of deer‐induced forest degradation on fish populations. We selected similar‐scale catchments from river systems in Hyogo, Japan, that differed in the time since deer‐induced forest degradation. Conventional surveys for fish densities and microhabitat environments were conducted in 23 catchments, and surveys using quantitative eDNA metabarcoding were conducted in 95 catchments. We examined the relationships between fish population densities, microhabitats, and time since forest degradation, considering confounding effects. Data from 8 and 17 fish taxa detected by snorkeling and eDNA methods, respectively, were available for statistical analysis. Snorkeling‐counts (Individuals/1 m transect) and eDNA concentrations (Copies/L) in river water were strongly correlated. Fine sediments on riverbeds were increased in the 3–15 years following forest degradation and decreased after 16 years. Population densities of sand‐preferring fishes, as inferred from both eDNA and snorkeling, reasonably followed this pattern. These patterns may be caused by the depletion of fine sediments on mountain slopes. The results of this study suggest that deer‐induced worldwide alternation may also occur in aquatic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “A primer of community ecology using the R language”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew D. Kaunert, Ryan K. Brown, Stephen Spear, Peter B. Johantgen, V. Popescu
Freshwater biodiversity is declining at a fast pace despite significant efforts directed toward the management and conservation of aquatic systems. Eastern hellbenders are one of North America's most iconic stream amphibian species, a sentinel of stream health, and are experiencing rapid population declines throughout most of their range. Common conservation strategies include headstarting; however, the success of this strategy for rebuilding hellbender populations and the most optimal release scenarios have largely been unassessed. We use a cohort of 205 animals released in several Ohio watersheds to evaluate the success of headstarting and reintroduction efforts over 3 years. Using PIT‐tag surveys over 25 occasions between July 2018 and November 2021 and capture–recapture models, we found that 3‐year apparent survival post‐release was 0.162 ± 0.061, with lower survival in year 1 (0.383 ± 0.058) and greater in years 2 (0.696 ± 0.086) and 3 (0.609 ± 0.154). Using demographic simulations, we found that releasing cohorts of N = 100 individuals at fewer suitable sites several times (e.g., 3 releases, 2 or 3 years apart) would be a better strategy compared to single release events across multiple sites. Additional simulations showed that eastern hellbender headstarting programs using wild eggs can be highly beneficial in producing more animals reaching adulthood (up to 7 times, if survival in captivity is assumed to be 100%) compared to development in the wild. This study emphasizes the need to monitor the success of reintroduction programs and provides evidence that headstarting can be a viable strategy for rebuilding eastern hellbender populations.
{"title":"Restoring eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis) populations through translocation of headstarted individuals","authors":"Matthew D. Kaunert, Ryan K. Brown, Stephen Spear, Peter B. Johantgen, V. Popescu","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12171","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater biodiversity is declining at a fast pace despite significant efforts directed toward the management and conservation of aquatic systems. Eastern hellbenders are one of North America's most iconic stream amphibian species, a sentinel of stream health, and are experiencing rapid population declines throughout most of their range. Common conservation strategies include headstarting; however, the success of this strategy for rebuilding hellbender populations and the most optimal release scenarios have largely been unassessed. We use a cohort of 205 animals released in several Ohio watersheds to evaluate the success of headstarting and reintroduction efforts over 3 years. Using PIT‐tag surveys over 25 occasions between July 2018 and November 2021 and capture–recapture models, we found that 3‐year apparent survival post‐release was 0.162 ± 0.061, with lower survival in year 1 (0.383 ± 0.058) and greater in years 2 (0.696 ± 0.086) and 3 (0.609 ± 0.154). Using demographic simulations, we found that releasing cohorts of N = 100 individuals at fewer suitable sites several times (e.g., 3 releases, 2 or 3 years apart) would be a better strategy compared to single release events across multiple sites. Additional simulations showed that eastern hellbender headstarting programs using wild eggs can be highly beneficial in producing more animals reaching adulthood (up to 7 times, if survival in captivity is assumed to be 100%) compared to development in the wild. This study emphasizes the need to monitor the success of reintroduction programs and provides evidence that headstarting can be a viable strategy for rebuilding eastern hellbender populations.","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco E. Fontúrbel, Héctor González‐Ancin, Noemí Rojas‐Hernández, Caren Vega‐Retter
Abstract The effects of habitat degradation remain not fully understood. A recent study reported low effects of habitat degradation on plant genetic diversity but indicates that reduction in habitat quality could impact it as well as gene flow indirectly via ecological interactions. Selective logging is a way of habitat degradation, but studies examining its effects on plant genetic diversity on non‐logged forest plant species are relatively scarce. Using 3470 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, we assess the effects of different selective logging intensities on the genetic diversity of 66 individuals of a keystone mistletoe ( Tristerix corymbosus ). We also examined the possible relationship with its seed disperser ( Dromiciops gliroides ) abundance in three sites of the temperate rainforests of southern Chile, with different levels of selective logging intensity. Our results show that selective logging increases allelic richness and inbreeding in this mistletoe; inbreeding increased with selective logging intensity, and heterozygosity decreased with D. gliroides abundance. While wood extraction seems to positively affect T. corymbosus genetic diversity, its long‐term consequences—such as increased inbreeding—are yet to be assessed in future studies.
{"title":"Effects of selective logging on genetic diversity and population structure of a keystone mistletoe","authors":"Francisco E. Fontúrbel, Héctor González‐Ancin, Noemí Rojas‐Hernández, Caren Vega‐Retter","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12170","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of habitat degradation remain not fully understood. A recent study reported low effects of habitat degradation on plant genetic diversity but indicates that reduction in habitat quality could impact it as well as gene flow indirectly via ecological interactions. Selective logging is a way of habitat degradation, but studies examining its effects on plant genetic diversity on non‐logged forest plant species are relatively scarce. Using 3470 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, we assess the effects of different selective logging intensities on the genetic diversity of 66 individuals of a keystone mistletoe ( Tristerix corymbosus ). We also examined the possible relationship with its seed disperser ( Dromiciops gliroides ) abundance in three sites of the temperate rainforests of southern Chile, with different levels of selective logging intensity. Our results show that selective logging increases allelic richness and inbreeding in this mistletoe; inbreeding increased with selective logging intensity, and heterozygosity decreased with D. gliroides abundance. While wood extraction seems to positively affect T. corymbosus genetic diversity, its long‐term consequences—such as increased inbreeding—are yet to be assessed in future studies.","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Skellam model describes discrete‐time population dynamics of a single species assuming uniform (i.e., random or Poissonian) individual distribution and intraspecific contest competition. Apart from studies on individual‐based models derived from first principles it has been rarely applied in ecological research although in specific situations it may be more appropriate than, for instance, the frequently used Ricker model, which is derived assuming scramble competition among the individuals. In this article, we offer an insight into the first principles underlying the Skellam model and provide an alternative parameterization of the model in terms of two commonly used parameters: intrinsic rate of population increase and carrying capacity. We also provide guidelines and software for fitting the Skellam model to discrete population time series data. In light of these findings, the Skellam model may be a useful alternative for a range of purposes where it has been earlier overlooked.
{"title":"Properties and interpretation of the Skellam model—A discrete‐time contest competition population model","authors":"Jurģis Šuba, Yukichika Kawata, Andreas Lindén","doi":"10.1002/1438-390x.12169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390x.12169","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Skellam model describes discrete‐time population dynamics of a single species assuming uniform (i.e., random or Poissonian) individual distribution and intraspecific contest competition. Apart from studies on individual‐based models derived from first principles it has been rarely applied in ecological research although in specific situations it may be more appropriate than, for instance, the frequently used Ricker model, which is derived assuming scramble competition among the individuals. In this article, we offer an insight into the first principles underlying the Skellam model and provide an alternative parameterization of the model in terms of two commonly used parameters: intrinsic rate of population increase and carrying capacity. We also provide guidelines and software for fitting the Skellam model to discrete population time series data. In light of these findings, the Skellam model may be a useful alternative for a range of purposes where it has been earlier overlooked.","PeriodicalId":54597,"journal":{"name":"Population Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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