Pub Date : 2007-03-01DOI: 10.1080/10519990601109072
M. Asif, HEFEI TOKAMAK-7 TEAM
A new set of actively cooled toroidal double-ring graphite limiters have been developed in Hefei Tokamak-7 (HT-7) for long-pulse operation. In this paper, the phenomenon of multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge (MARFE) has been studied in the ohmic discharges in HT-7. The best correlation has been found between the total input ohmic power and the product of the edge line-averaged density and Z eff. The critical density of the MARFE onset is observed in the region of , where f GW=n¯e/n GW (here n¯e is the maximum line-averaged electron density and n GW is the Greenwald density).
{"title":"The phenomenon of multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge with new graphite limiters in Hefei Tokamak-7","authors":"M. Asif, HEFEI TOKAMAK-7 TEAM","doi":"10.1080/10519990601109072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990601109072","url":null,"abstract":"A new set of actively cooled toroidal double-ring graphite limiters have been developed in Hefei Tokamak-7 (HT-7) for long-pulse operation. In this paper, the phenomenon of multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge (MARFE) has been studied in the ohmic discharges in HT-7. The best correlation has been found between the total input ohmic power and the product of the edge line-averaged density and Z eff. The critical density of the MARFE onset is observed in the region of , where f GW=n¯e/n GW (here n¯e is the maximum line-averaged electron density and n GW is the Greenwald density).","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"50 1","pages":"27 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82084660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-01DOI: 10.1080/10519990600999689
B. Ljublin, M. Petrov, S. Sheludyakov
The paper presents the results of the neutron-physical analysis of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor equatorial port 11 with the diagnostic systems of neutral particle analysers located at this port. As a result of the calculations, the neutron and gamma fluxes on the analyser components (diamond-like foils, detectors and analyser magnets) were obtained. The energy deposition on these elements was also estimated. The calculations were made for the area covering the port region from the shielding plug end to the cryostat, as well as for the space behind the biological shield in the room, where the analyser system is mounted. The thickness and height of the shielding installed in front of the system, which provides an acceptable dose for access of personnel both during reactor operation and after its shutdown, were estimated. The recommendations to continue the calculations are given.
{"title":"Neutron-physical analysis of the neutral particle analyser system intended for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor plasma diagnostics","authors":"B. Ljublin, M. Petrov, S. Sheludyakov","doi":"10.1080/10519990600999689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600999689","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of the neutron-physical analysis of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor equatorial port 11 with the diagnostic systems of neutral particle analysers located at this port. As a result of the calculations, the neutron and gamma fluxes on the analyser components (diamond-like foils, detectors and analyser magnets) were obtained. The energy deposition on these elements was also estimated. The calculations were made for the area covering the port region from the shielding plug end to the cryostat, as well as for the space behind the biological shield in the room, where the analyser system is mounted. The thickness and height of the shielding installed in front of the system, which provides an acceptable dose for access of personnel both during reactor operation and after its shutdown, were estimated. The recommendations to continue the calculations are given.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"95 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83704544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10519990600975614
B. Kolbasov, P. Romanov, M. Guseva, B. Khripunov, V. Stankevich, N. Svechnikov, A. Zimin
Russian studies of hydrogen isotope retention in plasma facing materials of the International Thermo-nuclear Experimental Reactor included the analysis of carbon–deuterium flakes, formed in the vacuum chamber of the T-10 tokamak, as well as modelling of normal reactor operation conditions and plasma disruptions. The decrease in the [D]/[C] atomic ratio and the decrease in the mass of flakes when these flakes were annealed in air and water steam against temperature were determined. Using Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy, we found that deuterium is accumulated in the flakes only in two states: in the C‒ D2 sp3 deformation modes at 633 and 1090 cm−1 and in the C‒ D2, 3 sp3 stretching modes at 2100–2200 cm−1. In co-deposited Be+D films the [D]/[Be] atomic ratio decreases from 0.15 at 375 K to 0.05 at 575 K. Carbon impurities in the Be+D films slightly increases deuterium retention. The effect of plasma disruptions on deuterium retention in tungsten is described.
{"title":"Some recent Russian studies of hydrogen isotope retention in plasma facing materials","authors":"B. Kolbasov, P. Romanov, M. Guseva, B. Khripunov, V. Stankevich, N. Svechnikov, A. Zimin","doi":"10.1080/10519990600975614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600975614","url":null,"abstract":"Russian studies of hydrogen isotope retention in plasma facing materials of the International Thermo-nuclear Experimental Reactor included the analysis of carbon–deuterium flakes, formed in the vacuum chamber of the T-10 tokamak, as well as modelling of normal reactor operation conditions and plasma disruptions. The decrease in the [D]/[C] atomic ratio and the decrease in the mass of flakes when these flakes were annealed in air and water steam against temperature were determined. Using Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy, we found that deuterium is accumulated in the flakes only in two states: in the C‒ D2 sp3 deformation modes at 633 and 1090 cm−1 and in the C‒ D2, 3 sp3 stretching modes at 2100–2200 cm−1. In co-deposited Be+D films the [D]/[Be] atomic ratio decreases from 0.15 at 375 K to 0.05 at 575 K. Carbon impurities in the Be+D films slightly increases deuterium retention. The effect of plasma disruptions on deuterium retention in tungsten is described.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"84 1","pages":"303 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83866083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10519990600921261
S. Sen, A. Fukuyama, A. Punjabi, S. Ghosal
The effect of radio-frequency (RF) waves on negative-energy perturbations (NEPs) is investigated in a straight stellarator within the framework of the Maxwell and drift kinetic theories. It is found that the ponderomotive force and its radial gradient can modify the conditions for the existence of perpendicular NEPs, which are found to be the most important perturbations. It is shown that, if the profile of the RF field energy is properly chosen, the RF wave will have a stabilizing effect on the electron NEPs so that the fraction of active particles associated with the perpendicular NEPs decreases from the plasma interior to the edge. This result might have important implications with respect to whether the use of RF waves can create a transport barrier to reduce the loss of particles and energy in a stellarator.
{"title":"Use of radio-frequency waves in the formation of transport barrier in a stellarator","authors":"S. Sen, A. Fukuyama, A. Punjabi, S. Ghosal","doi":"10.1080/10519990600921261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600921261","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of radio-frequency (RF) waves on negative-energy perturbations (NEPs) is investigated in a straight stellarator within the framework of the Maxwell and drift kinetic theories. It is found that the ponderomotive force and its radial gradient can modify the conditions for the existence of perpendicular NEPs, which are found to be the most important perturbations. It is shown that, if the profile of the RF field energy is properly chosen, the RF wave will have a stabilizing effect on the electron NEPs so that the fraction of active particles associated with the perpendicular NEPs decreases from the plasma interior to the edge. This result might have important implications with respect to whether the use of RF waves can create a transport barrier to reduce the loss of particles and energy in a stellarator.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"52 1","pages":"287 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79862914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10519990600921287
M. Asif, the HT‐7 team
A new set of actively cooled toroidal double-ring graphite limiters has been developed in the Hefei tokamak-7 for long pulse operation. The extension of the operational region and the density behaviour with graphite limiters have been studied in this paper. An extended high-density region at high plasma currents and low q a was obtained. The density profile with graphite limiters was studied in order to compare the results with those of the previous molybdenum limiters.
{"title":"Study of the operational region with new graphite limiters in the Hefei tokamak-7","authors":"M. Asif, the HT‐7 team","doi":"10.1080/10519990600921287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600921287","url":null,"abstract":"A new set of actively cooled toroidal double-ring graphite limiters has been developed in the Hefei tokamak-7 for long pulse operation. The extension of the operational region and the density behaviour with graphite limiters have been studied in this paper. An extended high-density region at high plasma currents and low q a was obtained. The density profile with graphite limiters was studied in order to compare the results with those of the previous molybdenum limiters.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"190 1","pages":"279 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79752852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10519990600949692
D. Yarmolich, Vladislav Vekselman, H. Sagi, V. Gurovich, Y. Krasik
The paper presents the experimental results of the investigation of microparticle emission from a Ba–Ti-based ferroelectric sample subjected to a driving pulse with a slow rise time and a fast fall time. It was found that the formation of incomplete discharges on the surface of the ferroelectric is accompanied by the emission of an intense positively charged microparticle flow. This microparticle flow (density, velocity distribution, momentum and average microparticle charge) was studied using electrical and optical diagnostics at different distances from the front surface of the ferroelectric sample and at several time delays with respect to the fast fall of the driving pulse. It was shown that microparticles are positively charged at about 6×10−15 C; they have an average size of about 5 μm, a density of about 7×104 cm−2 and an average velocity of about 6×103 cm s−2. The mechanism of the formation of these microparticles and the application of microparticle flows as a propellant for a small thruster are discussed.
本文研究了在慢升快降驱动脉冲作用下钡钛基铁电样品的微粒子发射特性。研究发现，铁电体表面不完全放电的形成伴随着强烈的带正电微粒流的发射。在距离铁电样品前表面的不同距离上，以及在驱动脉冲快速下降的几个时间延迟下，利用电学和光学诊断方法研究了这种微粒流动(密度、速度分布、动量和平均微粒电荷)。结果表明，微粒子在6×10−15℃左右带正电;它们的平均尺寸约为5 μm，密度约为7×104 cm−2，平均速度约为6×103 cm s−2。讨论了这些微粒的形成机理以及微粒流作为小型推进器推进剂的应用。
{"title":"Microparticle flow generation by a ferroelectric plasma source","authors":"D. Yarmolich, Vladislav Vekselman, H. Sagi, V. Gurovich, Y. Krasik","doi":"10.1080/10519990600949692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600949692","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the experimental results of the investigation of microparticle emission from a Ba–Ti-based ferroelectric sample subjected to a driving pulse with a slow rise time and a fast fall time. It was found that the formation of incomplete discharges on the surface of the ferroelectric is accompanied by the emission of an intense positively charged microparticle flow. This microparticle flow (density, velocity distribution, momentum and average microparticle charge) was studied using electrical and optical diagnostics at different distances from the front surface of the ferroelectric sample and at several time delays with respect to the fast fall of the driving pulse. It was shown that microparticles are positively charged at about 6×10−15 C; they have an average size of about 5 μm, a density of about 7×104 cm−2 and an average velocity of about 6×103 cm s−2. The mechanism of the formation of these microparticles and the application of microparticle flows as a propellant for a small thruster are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"22 1","pages":"293 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87850325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10519990600919604
S. Fabritsiev, A. Pokrovsky
One of the features peculiar to the application of 316L(N) steel for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor components is that it will be used in such components as the divertor and the first wall, mainly as part of the Cu–stainless steel bimetal composition. The main purpose of this investigation was to estimate the effect of heat treatment on the radiation hardening and embrittlement of 316L(N) steel. The report presents the results from an experimental investigation into the effect of low-temperature neutron irradiation on the radiation hardening and embrittlement in 316L(N) steel after different heat treatments. Specimens of 316L(N) steel were irradiated at T irr=150 and 80 °C in the dose range 0.001–2 dpa in the RBT-6 and SM-2 reactors. It is shown that heat treatment does not cause a significant effect on the radiation hardening and embrittlement of 316L(N) steel.
{"title":"Effect of neutron irradiation on the mechanical properties of 316L(N) steel for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor applications","authors":"S. Fabritsiev, A. Pokrovsky","doi":"10.1080/10519990600919604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600919604","url":null,"abstract":"One of the features peculiar to the application of 316L(N) steel for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor components is that it will be used in such components as the divertor and the first wall, mainly as part of the Cu–stainless steel bimetal composition. The main purpose of this investigation was to estimate the effect of heat treatment on the radiation hardening and embrittlement of 316L(N) steel. The report presents the results from an experimental investigation into the effect of low-temperature neutron irradiation on the radiation hardening and embrittlement in 316L(N) steel after different heat treatments. Specimens of 316L(N) steel were irradiated at T irr=150 and 80 °C in the dose range 0.001–2 dpa in the RBT-6 and SM-2 reactors. It is shown that heat treatment does not cause a significant effect on the radiation hardening and embrittlement of 316L(N) steel.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"362 1","pages":"267 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80268537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10519990600912211
B. Mrabet, H. Elloumi, A. Chammam, M. Stambouli, G. Zissis
The influence of a pulsed-current power supply on the electrical properties and the spectral radiant flux emitted by a germicidal ultraviolet (UV) lamp has been investigated, both experimentally and theoretically. A self-consistent collisional–radiative model has been developed and used to model the temporal behaviour of the plasma characteristics of the lamp operated in the pulsed mode. The model includes elastic and inelastic processes as well as ambipolar diffusion. The macroscopic properties of the plasma, including the electron temperature, electric fields, radiation and energy transfer due to various collisional processes, have been considered. To evaluate the energy emitted in the UV bandwidth, a photometric system composed of an integrating cylinder, a UV radiometer, a spectrograph and a charge-coupled device camera is mounted. This study provides a framework for the design of a pulsed-current power supply, which permits the generation of a single pulse or multiple pulses superimposed on a low-frequency square wave.
{"title":"Effect of a pulsed power supply on the ultraviolet radiation and electrical characteristics of a low-pressure mercury discharge","authors":"B. Mrabet, H. Elloumi, A. Chammam, M. Stambouli, G. Zissis","doi":"10.1080/10519990600912211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600912211","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of a pulsed-current power supply on the electrical properties and the spectral radiant flux emitted by a germicidal ultraviolet (UV) lamp has been investigated, both experimentally and theoretically. A self-consistent collisional–radiative model has been developed and used to model the temporal behaviour of the plasma characteristics of the lamp operated in the pulsed mode. The model includes elastic and inelastic processes as well as ambipolar diffusion. The macroscopic properties of the plasma, including the electron temperature, electric fields, radiation and energy transfer due to various collisional processes, have been considered. To evaluate the energy emitted in the UV bandwidth, a photometric system composed of an integrating cylinder, a UV radiometer, a spectrograph and a charge-coupled device camera is mounted. This study provides a framework for the design of a pulsed-current power supply, which permits the generation of a single pulse or multiple pulses superimposed on a low-frequency square wave.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"57 1","pages":"249 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88589397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10519990600912245
S. A. Bartenev, B. Kolbasov, P. Romanov, V. N. Romanovskij, N. Firsin
The extraction part of the technological scheme for radiochemical separation of components of irradiated vanadium–chromium–titanium (V–Cr–Ti) alloy and for their purification from metallic activation products was tested on the whole using activated alloy specimens. It was shown that the replacement of the acid re-extraction of vanadium with a peroxide re-extraction and of the acid re-extraction of chromium with an alkaline re-extraction substantially improves the characteristics of the extraction reprocessing of the activated V–Cr–Ti alloy. In particular, the durations of the vanadium and chromium re-extractions were shortened by about an order of magnitude, the outputs of these alloy components increased, vanadium purification from rare-earth metals became twice as great, and chromium decontamination from cobalt increased by two orders of magnitude.
{"title":"Radiochemical processing of activated specimens of vanadium–chromium–titanium alloy","authors":"S. A. Bartenev, B. Kolbasov, P. Romanov, V. N. Romanovskij, N. Firsin","doi":"10.1080/10519990600912245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600912245","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction part of the technological scheme for radiochemical separation of components of irradiated vanadium–chromium–titanium (V–Cr–Ti) alloy and for their purification from metallic activation products was tested on the whole using activated alloy specimens. It was shown that the replacement of the acid re-extraction of vanadium with a peroxide re-extraction and of the acid re-extraction of chromium with an alkaline re-extraction substantially improves the characteristics of the extraction reprocessing of the activated V–Cr–Ti alloy. In particular, the durations of the vanadium and chromium re-extractions were shortened by about an order of magnitude, the outputs of these alloy components increased, vanadium purification from rare-earth metals became twice as great, and chromium decontamination from cobalt increased by two orders of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"133 5 1","pages":"261 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79625181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-23DOI: 10.1080/10519990600708734
I. Kostyrya, V. M. Orlovskii, V. Tarasenko, Weihua Jiang, T. Goto
Experimental results obtained on a pulsed repetitive CO2 laser pumped by a longitudinal discharge are reported. The laser pumping system consisting of a high-voltage nanosecond pulsed generator with a solid switching system based on a semiconductor opening switch diode and capacitive energy storage is presented. An average radiation power of 300 mW was reached at a pulse repetitive rate of 10 Hz. The radiation pulse duration at full width at half-maximum was 60 μs.
{"title":"A pulsed repetitive CO2 laser pumped by a longitudinal-discharge-initiated semiconductor opening switch diode","authors":"I. Kostyrya, V. M. Orlovskii, V. Tarasenko, Weihua Jiang, T. Goto","doi":"10.1080/10519990600708734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600708734","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental results obtained on a pulsed repetitive CO2 laser pumped by a longitudinal discharge are reported. The laser pumping system consisting of a high-voltage nanosecond pulsed generator with a solid switching system based on a semiconductor opening switch diode and capacitive energy storage is presented. An average radiation power of 300 mW was reached at a pulse repetitive rate of 10 Hz. The radiation pulse duration at full width at half-maximum was 60 μs.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"248 1","pages":"177 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74501922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：