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Reassessment of morphological species delimitations in the Cyperus margaritaceus-niveus complex using morphometrics 用形态计量学重新评价玛格丽塔塞-尼维乌斯复合体的形态种划分
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.97453
Martin Xanthos, S. Mayo, I. Larridon
Background and aims – The Cyperus margaritaceus-niveus complex is a group of ten tropical species from sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: C. karlschumannii, C. kibweanus, C. ledermannii, C. margaritaceus, C. niveus, C. nduru, C. obtusiflorus, C. somaliensis, C. sphaerocephalus, and C. tisserantii. They are characterised by a capitate head of white-yellow spikelets and modified culm bases and recent molecular analysis puts them in a distinct clade. The group lacks a modern taxonomic revision, and the taxa described in the Flora treatments of the past 50 years differ considerably in their circumscription. In this study, morphometric analyses are used to test species limits to establish more stable morphological delimitations of the taxa. Material and methods – An examination of 15 morphological characters on 489 herbarium specimens was carried out and the data was analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with cross-validation, and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. Cyperus kibweanus was not further considered due to lack of material. Key results – Both PCA and LDA showed varying degrees of overlap in the nine remaining taxa, with no single group clearly separating in multivariate space. However, cross-validation clearly showed C. margaritaceus as a distinct entity despite its overwhelming presence in the PCA. Both LDA and CART failed to separate C. niveus as a distinct group as its specimens were dispersed among the other groups. Differing results were obtained for other taxa depending on the type of analysis. Cyperus margaritaceus, C. nduru, and C. sphaerocephalus were divided into two groups by CART but re-examination of the specimens does not definitively support the idea that these infraspecific groups represent separate taxa. Conclusions – The results show that eight morphospecies are recognised by LDA and six morphospecies by CART. Characters used to separate the taxa in Flora treatments scored high loadings in the analysis showing their high taxonomic utility value. The methods used can be applied to resolving other complexes in the Cyperaceae.
背景和目的-Cyperus margaritaceus niveus复合体由来自撒哈拉以南非洲和马达加斯加的十个热带物种组成:C.karlschumanii、C.kibweanus、C.ledermannii、C.margaritacheus、C.niveus、C.nduru、C.obtusiflorus、C.somaliensis、C.sphaerochalus和C.tisserantii。它们的特征是头状头状的白黄色小穗和改良的秆基部,最近的分子分析将它们置于一个独特的分支中。该类群缺乏现代分类学修订,过去50年的植物志处理中描述的分类群在其范围上有很大差异。在这项研究中,形态计量分析用于测试物种界限,以建立更稳定的分类群形态界限。材料和方法——对489个植物标本的15个形态特征进行了检查,并使用主成分分析(PCA)、带交叉验证的线性判别分析(LDA)和分类回归树(CART)分析对数据进行了分析。由于缺乏材料,没有进一步考虑柏树。关键结果——主成分分析和LDA在剩下的九个分类群中都显示出不同程度的重叠,在多变量空间中没有单独的组明显分离。然而,交叉验证清楚地表明,尽管在主成分分析中有压倒性的存在,但玛格丽塔菌是一个独特的实体。LDA和CART都未能将C.niveus作为一个独特的群体进行分离,因为其标本分散在其他群体中。根据分析类型的不同,其他分类群获得了不同的结果。通过CART将玛格丽塔香柏、nduru香柏和球形头香柏分为两组,但对标本的重新检查并不能完全支持这些种下类群代表独立类群的观点。结论-结果表明,LDA识别了8种形态物种,CART识别了6种形态物种。在植物区系处理中用于分离分类群的性状在分析中得分较高,显示出其较高的分类实用价值。所用的方法可应用于莎草科植物中其他配合物的拆分。
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引用次数: 0
Sylvainia, a new monospecific genus within the subtribe Cephalanthinae (Rubiaceae, Naucleeae) Sylvainia,一个新的单种属,隶属于茜草科牛膝亚科
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.90423
María Florencia Romero, Ana Maria Gonzalez, R. M. Salas
Background and aims – The genus Cephalanthus belongs to the tribe Naucleeae together with 26 other genera. Members of Cephalanthus mainly grow in temperate and subtropical wetlands in the Americas and Asia, but there is a single African species that is associated with forest margins and rocky outcrops in moist temperate grasslands. The genus comprises six species and was historically known to have species with a markedly disjunct distribution: three species are from the Americas: C. glabratus, C. occidentalis, and C. salicifolius; two species are from tropical Asia: C. angustifolius and C. tetrandrus, and one species is from tropical Africa: C. natalensis. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have supported the monophyly of the genus, however, most of the morphological synapomorphies are absent in the only African species, which is sister to the remaining species of the genus. This work aims to provide a short taxonomic revision of the genus Cephalanthus, taking into consideration morphological aspects previously underestimated or not considered, and to describe a new monospecific genus based on comparative morphological analysis. Material and methods – Vegetative and reproductive material from all the species of Cephalanthus were analysed following conventional taxonomy techniques. Key results – We transferred C. natalensis to a new genus, Sylvainia. Morphological similarities and differences between Cephalanthus and the new genus are discussed. Cephalanthus glabrifolius, a poorly known species and previously considered a synonym of C. tetrandrus, is resurrected as a valid species, bringing the number of species in Cephalanthus to six again. All species are described, illustrated, and their known distributions plotted on regional maps. Conclusion – The subtribe Cephalanthinae now has two genera, its type Cephalanthus with six species, and a new monospecific genus Sylvainia endemic to south-eastern Africa. Based on the amended description of Cephalanthus, now absent from Africa, the generic concept is substantially modified, being represented now by three American and three Asian species.
背景和目的——Cephanthus属与其他26个属一起属于Naucleeae部落。Cephalanthus的成员主要生长在美洲和亚洲的温带和亚热带湿地,但有一个非洲物种与潮湿温带草原的森林边缘和岩石露头有关。该属由六个物种组成,历史上已知有明显不连续分布的物种:三个物种来自美洲:光滑C.glabratus、西洋C.occidentalis和柳C.salicifolius;两个物种来自热带亚洲:狭叶C.angustifolius和防己C.tetrandrus,一个物种来自非洲热带地区:纳他棱藻C.natalensis。最近的分子系统发育研究支持了该属的单系性,然而,大多数形态上的突触形态在唯一的非洲物种中都不存在,该物种是该属其余物种的姐妹。这项工作旨在对Cephalanthus属进行简短的分类学修订,考虑到以前低估或未考虑的形态学方面,并基于比较形态学分析描述一个新的单种属。材料和方法——根据传统的分类学技术分析了所有Cephalanthus物种的营养和繁殖材料。关键结果——我们将纳塔棱藻转移到一个新属Sylvania。讨论了仙头蝶属与新属在形态上的异同。光肩星是一个鲜为人知的物种,以前被认为是毒蜥的同义词,现在作为一个有效的物种复活了,使光肩星中的物种数量再次达到六个。对所有物种进行了描述、说明,并在区域地图上绘制了它们的已知分布图。结论:Cephalanthinae亚族现在有两个属,其模式Cephalanthus有六个物种,以及一个新的单种属Sylvainia,原产于非洲东南部。根据对Cephalanthus的修订描述,该属概念进行了实质性修改,现在由三个美洲和三个亚洲物种代表。
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引用次数: 0
Novitates Gabonenses 93: a fresh look at Podostemaceae in Gabon following recent inventories, with a new combination for Ledermanniella nicolasii novatites Gabonenses 93:加蓬Podostemaceae在最近的库存后的新面貌,与Ledermanniella nicolasii的新组合
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.96359
Ehoarn Bidault, Archange Boupoya, D. Ikabanga, Igor Nguimbit, N. Texier, R. Rutishauser, A. Mesterházy, T. Stévart
Background and aims – Podostemaceae is a family of strictly aquatic plants found in rapids and waterfalls. Despite a recent treatment in the Flore du Gabon, the family remained poorly known, with no major studies including Gabonese collections, and almost no targeted inventories since 1966. We present the first large-scale inventory of this family in Gabon, targeting Podostemaceae throughout the country, providing new additions to the flora of Gabon and many new records of poorly known species. Material and methods – Fieldwork was conducted in Gabon between 2017 and 2021. The collected specimens were primarily preserved in ethanol with associated silica gel-preserved material and photographs. Material available at BR, BRLU, LBV, MO, P, WAG, and Z/ZT was examined. For each species, information on distribution and ecology is presented, as well as a distribution map in Gabon. Key results – The 500 newly collected specimens represent 91.4% of all known collections of Podostemaceae from Gabon. Three taxa are newly recorded for the country, including one genus (Inversodicraea tenax, Ledermanniella schlechteri, and Saxicolella nana). New distribution records are also presented for 13 little-known species. Four taxa are excluded from the Gabonese flora (the genus Dicraeanthus, Inversodicraea ledermannii, Ledermanniella sanagaensis, and Macropodiella garrettii). To date, 20 species belonging to five different genera are known to occur in Gabon. A new combination is proposed for Ledermanniella nicolasii, and Inversodicraea tanzaniensis is now considered as a synonym of Inversodicraea tenax.
背景和目的——波德斯塔科是一个在急流和瀑布中发现的水生植物家族。尽管最近在加蓬弗洛雷接受了治疗,但这个家庭仍然鲜为人知,自1966年以来,没有进行包括加蓬藏品在内的重大研究,也几乎没有针对性的库存。我们在加蓬首次对该科进行大规模清查,目标是全国各地的波德斯塔科,为加蓬的植物区系提供了新的补充,并为许多鲜为人知的物种提供了新记录。材料和方法——2017年至2021年间在加蓬进行了实地调查。采集的标本主要保存在乙醇中,并附有相关的硅胶保存材料和照片。对BR、BRLU、LBV、MO、P、WAG和Z/ZT的可用材料进行了检查。介绍了每种物种的分布和生态学信息,以及加蓬的分布图。关键结果——500个新采集的标本占加蓬已知波德斯塔科所有标本的91.4%。该国新记录了三个分类群,包括一个属(Inversodicraea tenax、Ledermaniella schlechteri和Saxicolela nana)。13个鲜为人知的物种也有新的分布记录。加蓬植物群中排除了四个分类群(Dicraeanthus属、Inversodicraea ledermannii属、Ledermaniella sanagaensis属和Macropodiella garrettii属)。迄今为止,加蓬已知有五个不同属的20个物种。提出了一个新的组合为Ledermanniella nicolasii,而Inversodicraea tanzaniensis现在被认为是Inversodiclaea tenax的同义词。
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引用次数: 0
Indications of an Achaea sp. caterpillar outbreak disrupting fruiting of an ectomycorrhizal tropical tree in Central African rainforest 在中非雨林中,一种亚纲毛虫爆发,破坏了一棵外生菌根热带树的果实
4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.96572
Julian M. Norghauer, David M. Newbery, Godlove A. Neba
Background and aims – Where one or several tree species come to dominate patches of tropical forest, as many masting ectomycorrhizal legumes do in Central Africa, ecological theory predicts they may be prone to herbivory, which might alter their reproductive output. This was indirectly investigated in lowland rainforest in Cameroon for Tetraberlinia korupensis , whose crowns were attacked in 2008 by an outbreaking black caterpillar—identified as an Achaea sp., probably A. catocaloides —in Korup National Park. Material and methods – Field-collected data on tree-level seed and fruit (pod) production of T. korupensis in its 2008 masting event were compared with that of its two co-dominant neighbours ( T. bifoliolata , Microberlinia bisulcata ), whose populations masted in 2007 (and 2010). To do this, bivariate regression models (linear, polynomial, ZiG [zero-inflated gamma model]), contingency table analysis, and non-parametric measures of dispersion were used. Key results – Assuming T. korupensis is prone to Achaea caterpillar attacks, empirical data support the hypothesized lower proportion of adults participating in its masting (54% in 2008) than for either masting population of M. bisulcata (98% in 2007, 89% in 2010) or T. bifoliolata (96% in 2007, 78% in 2010). These fruiting T. korupensis trees were about one-third larger in stem diameter than conspecific non-fruiters and produced as many pods and seeds per capita as T. bifoliolata . However, regressions only modestly support the hypothesis that the positive tree size–fecundity relationship for T. korupensis was weaker (i.e. lower adj. R 2 ) than for M. bisulcata (whose leaves are morphologically similar) or T. bifoliolata , with mostly similar dispersion about the median among these species. Conclusion – Altogether, the findings suggest a role for tolerance in nutrient-poor forests. It is postulated that instead of conferring resistance to herbivores, the ectomycorrhizas associated with these trees may enable them to more quickly recover from potential yet unpredictable insect outbreaks.
背景和目的——在一种或几种树木在热带森林中占据主导地位的地方,就像许多生长在中非的外生菌根豆科植物一样,生态学理论预测它们可能倾向于食草,这可能会改变它们的繁殖产量。在喀麦隆的低地雨林中,对koruptetraberlinia korupensis进行了间接调查。2008年,Korup国家公园爆发了一种黑色毛毛虫,被鉴定为Achaea sp.,可能是A. catocaloides。材料和方法:在2008年树龄阶段,将田间收集的korupensis树级种子和果实(荚果)产量数据与2007年(和2010年)树龄阶段的两个共同优势邻居(T. bifoliolata, Microberlinia bisulcata)进行了比较。为此,使用了双变量回归模型(线性、多项式、ZiG[零膨胀伽马模型])、列联表分析和非参数离散度量。关键结果——假设korupensis容易受到Achaea毛虫的攻击,经验数据支持这样的假设,即参与其捕食的成虫比例(2008年为54%)低于双足棘足螨(2007年为98%,2010年为89%)或双叶棘足螨(2007年为96%,2010年为78%)。这些结果树的茎粗比同株不结果树的茎粗大三分之一,人均荚果和种子产量与双叶树相当。然而,回归仅适度地支持这样的假设,即树形大小与繁殖力的正相关关系较弱(即较低的adj. R 2),而叶片形态相似的水杨或双叶树的树形大小与繁殖力的正相关关系在这两个物种之间的分布中值基本相似。结论:总的来说,这些发现表明了在营养贫乏的森林中耐受性的作用。据推测,与这些树木相关的外生菌根可能使它们能够更快地从潜在的但不可预测的昆虫爆发中恢复过来,而不是赋予对食草动物的抵抗力。
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引用次数: 0
The Italian endemic forest plants: an annotated inventory and synthesis of knowledge 意大利特有的森林植物:一个注释清单和知识的综合
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.95929
F. Selvi, G. Campetella, R. Canullo, S. Chelli, G. Domina, E. Farris, C. Gasperini, L. Rosati, C. Wellstein, E. Carrari
Background and aims – Forests are among the most threatened ecosystems worldwide, and endemic plants are often a vulnerable component of the flora of a given territory. So far, however, understory forest endemics of southern Europe have received little attention and are poorly known for several aspects. Material and methods – We developed the first list of native vascular plants that are restricted to Italian forests. Available information on taxonomy, regional distribution, ecology, biology, functional traits, and conservation status was collected for each taxon, allowing to identify major knowledge gaps and calculate baseline statistics. Key results – The list includes 134 taxa, most of which are linked to closed-canopy forest habitats, while the others are also found in margins and gaps. The forest and non-forest Italian endemic flora differed in terms of taxonomic and life-form distribution. The rate and density of forest endemism increased with decreasing latitude and were highest in Sicily, Calabria, and Basilicata, where paleoendemic mono- or oligotypic genera also occur. Endemic phanerophytes were especially numerous on islands. Beech and deciduous oak forests were the most important habitats, but hygrophilous woodlands also host numerous endemics. Overall, the ecology, biology, and functional traits of the forest endemic taxa are still poorly known. The ratio diploids/polyploids was highest in the south and on the islands. Almost 24% of the taxa were assessed as “Critically Endangered”, “Endangered”, or “Vulnerable”, and 24% were categorized as “Data Deficient”, based on the IUCN system. Increasing frequency and intensity of fires was the most frequent threat. Conclusions – This work can contribute to implement the European forest plant species list and serve as a basis for further research on a unique biological heritage of the continent. However, more knowledge about these globally rare taxa is needed, to support their conservation in changing forest landscapes.
背景和目的-森林是世界上最受威胁的生态系统之一,而特有植物往往是特定地区植物群中脆弱的组成部分。然而,到目前为止,南欧的林下植物特有病很少受到关注,并且在几个方面鲜为人知。材料和方法-我们开发了第一个仅限于意大利森林的本地维管植物列表。收集了各分类单元的分类学、区域分布、生态学、生物学、功能性状和保护状况等信息,确定了主要的知识差距并计算了基线统计数据。关键结果-该名单包括134个分类群,其中大多数与封闭的树冠森林栖息地有关,而其他分类群也在边缘和间隙中发现。意大利森林和非森林特有植物区系在分类和生活型分布上存在差异。森林特有的比率和密度随纬度的降低而增加,其中西西里岛、卡拉布里亚和巴西利卡塔最高,这些地区也有古特有的单一或少型属。岛上特有的显生植物特别多。山毛榉和落叶栎林是最重要的栖息地,但喜湿林地也有许多特有的物种。总体而言,森林特有分类群的生态学、生物学和功能特征仍然知之甚少。二倍体/多倍体的比例以南方和海岛最高。根据IUCN系统,近24%的分类群被评估为“极度濒危”、“濒危”或“易危”,24%被归类为“数据缺乏”。不断增加的火灾频率和强度是最常见的威胁。结论:这项工作有助于实施欧洲森林植物物种名录,并为进一步研究欧洲大陆独特的生物遗产奠定基础。然而,为了在不断变化的森林景观中保护这些全球罕见的分类群,需要更多的知识。
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引用次数: 2
Why fitness impacts of different herbivores may combine nonadditively, and why it matters to the ecology and evolution of plant-herbivore communities 为什么不同食草动物的适应性影响可以非加性地结合在一起,为什么它对植物-食草动物群落的生态学和进化很重要
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.95982
M. Wise
Background and aims – The manner by which the effects of multiple antagonists combine is a fundamental issue in ecology. This issue has been especially important in plant-herbivore evolutionary ecology—particularly predicting whether the combined fitness impacts of multiple herbivores on a shared host plant can be inferred by simply adding the individual impacts that each herbivore has when feeding alone. Despite accumulating empirical data, relatively little theoretical progress has been made in explaining why impacts of herbivore damage often combine nonadditively, as well as predicting the conditions that lead to a greater-than-additive (synergistic) or to a less-than-additive (subadditive) pattern. Material and methods – Based on considerations of limiting resources and source-sink relationships, I proposed and tested two hypotheses: 1) The fitness impacts of two species of herbivores that affect the same resource (i.e. feed on the same tissue in a similar fashion) will combine in a synergistic pattern (if that resource is not limiting reproduction when plants do not experience herbivory), and 2) The fitness impacts of two herbivores that affect different resources (i.e. feed on different tissues) will combine in a subadditive pattern. I performed a field experiment in which horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) was exposed to a factorial combination of four levels of leaf herbivory and five levels of simulated floral herbivory. Key results – The results were consistent with both hypotheses: 1) The combined fitness impact of flower damage that was simulated as being caused by two florivorous species feeding on the same plants was greater than the sum of the same total amount of damage when the two species were simulated as feeding individually; and 2) The combined fitness impact of the leaf and floral damage was less than the sum of the same total amount of damage when the two species fed individually. Conclusions – The main ecoevolutionary implication of these results is that subadditive impacts of leaf- and flower-feeding herbivores could weaken selection for resistance in horsenettle (or any plant species that hosts multiple herbivores), and thus subadditive impacts may contribute to the maintenance of diverse herbivore communities sharing a species of host plant.
背景和目的-多种拮抗剂的作用如何结合是生态学中的一个基本问题。这个问题在植物-食草动物进化生态学中尤为重要,特别是预测多种食草动物对共同寄主植物的综合适应性影响是否可以通过简单地增加每个食草动物单独进食时的个体影响来推断。尽管积累了大量的经验数据,但在解释为什么食草动物损害的影响通常是非加性的组合,以及预测导致大于加性(协同)或小于加性(次加性)模式的条件方面,理论进展相对较少。材料和方法-基于有限资源和源汇关系的考虑,我提出并检验了两个假设:1)影响同一资源(即以相似方式摄食同一组织)的两种食草动物的适合度影响将以协同模式组合(如果该资源在植物不经历草食时不限制繁殖);2)影响不同资源(即摄食不同组织)的两种食草动物的适合度影响将以亚加性模式组合。我对马蹄铁(Solanum carolinense)进行了一项田间试验,将其暴露于四个水平的叶片草食和五个水平的模拟花草食的析因组合中。关键结果-结果与两种假设一致:1)模拟两种食花物种取食同一株植物造成的花损伤的综合适应度影响大于模拟两种食花物种单独取食时相同伤害总量的总和;(2)叶片和花的综合适合度影响小于两种单独取食时相同伤害总量的总和。结论:这些结果的主要生态进化含义是,以叶和花为食的食草动物的亚加性影响可能会削弱马蹄莲(或任何寄主多种食草动物的植物物种)的抗性选择,因此亚加性影响可能有助于维持共享一种寄主植物的多种食草动物群落。
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引用次数: 1
An assessment of Coutaportla (Chiococceae, Rubiaceae) with the description of a new species from Mexico 文章题目墨西哥大鲵属(大鲵科,大鲵科)的鉴定及一新种描述
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.89764
Alejandro TORRES-MONTUFAR, H. Flores-Olvera, Heriberto ÁVILA-GONZÁLEZ, A. Castro‐Castro, H. Ochoterena
Background and aims – Ongoing studies on Mexican Rubiaceae revealed an undescribed species of Coutaportla endemic to the Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests in the state of Sinaloa, near the border with Durango, Mexico. The species is here described and illustrated, and its morphological characters are compared with those of the other species in the genus. Material and methods – This study is based on field observations, examination of herbarium specimens including digital images, and morphological studies based on samples from dried and spirit specimens. Key results – The morphological comparison of taxonomically important characters among the species of Coutaportla reveals conditions that were previously not reported for the genus. The placentation and ovule number of C. lorenceana, which belongs in the Portlandia complex, is comparable to that in the Chiococceae tribe. This tribe was proposed to include the latter complex based on molecular data, but the classification was controversial according to the morphology. Coutaportla lorenceana hence provides a morphological link between the Portlandia complex and the taxa traditionally placed in Chiococceae. The new species is assessed as Critically Endangered following the IUCN Red List criteria.
背景和目的-对墨西哥Rubiaceae的持续研究发现了一种未描述的cottaportla物种,该物种特有于锡那罗亚州靠近墨西哥杜兰戈边境的马德雷西部松橡树林。这里描述和说明了该物种,并将其形态特征与该属的其他物种进行了比较。材料和方法:本研究基于野外观察,对植物标本馆标本(包括数字图像)的检查,以及基于干燥和酒精标本样本的形态学研究。主要结果-在科塔波特拉的物种之间的分类学上重要特征的形态学比较揭示了以前没有报道的条件。属于Portlandia复合体的C. lorenceana的胎位和胚珠数与Chiococceae族相当。根据分子数据,该部落被建议包括后一个复合体,但根据形态学的分类存在争议。因此,Coutaportla lorenceana在Portlandia复合体和传统上属于chiococcae的分类群之间提供了形态上的联系。根据世界自然保护联盟红色名录标准,新物种被评估为极度濒危物种。
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引用次数: 2
A new species of Parianella (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae) marks the southernmost distribution of the genus in Brazil 一新种(竹科,竹总科,竹科)标志着该属在巴西最南端的分布
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.95130
F. Ferreira, R. P. Oliveira, L. Clark, C. A. Welker
Background and aims – Parianella is a relatively recently described genus of the subtribe Parianinae (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae) that includes two species, and it is supposedly endemic to the Bahian Coastal Forests in the central region of Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Herein, we describe and illustrate a new species of the genus, comparing it with the other species of Parianella. We also provide an updated distribution map of the genus and the conservation status of the new taxon. Material and methods – This study was based on the analysis of herbarium specimens and a literature review. The conservation assessment is based on field observations and spatial analyses, following IUCN guidelines and criteria. Key results – During a review of the Poaceae collection of the MBML Herbarium, two Parianinae specimens with interesting features were found. A detailed morphological analysis revealed that these specimens belong to a new species of Parianella. The new taxon was collected in two localities in the southern portion of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, one in the municipality of Santa Leopoldina and the other in the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve, municipality of Cariacica. Both localities are situated in the Krenák-Waitaká Forests, one of the three subregions of the central Atlantic Forest region, and an area of great floristic diversity, including bamboo species. Conclusion – Parianella capixaba represents the southernmost distribution of the genus known to date. With the description of this new species, the total number of bamboos in Espírito Santo state rises to 52 species in 18 genera.
背景和目的- Parianella是Parianinae亚部落(Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae)中一个最近被描述的属,包括两个物种,它被认为是巴西大西洋森林中部地区巴伊安沿海森林的特有物种。在此,我们描述和说明了一个新种的属,并与其他种的Parianella比较。我们还提供了该属的最新分布图和新分类单元的保护状况。材料和方法:本研究基于对植物标本馆标本的分析和文献综述。保护评估是基于实地观察和空间分析,遵循世界自然保护联盟的指导方针和标准。主要结果-在对MBML标本室的禾本科藏品进行审查时,发现了两个具有有趣特征的Parianinae标本。详细的形态分析表明这些标本属于Parianella的一个新种。该新分类群是在巴西Espírito Santo州南部的两个地方收集的,一个在Santa Leopoldina市,另一个在Cariacica市的Duas Bocas生物保护区。这两个地方都位于Krenák-Waitaká森林,这是大西洋中部森林区域的三个分区域之一,也是一个植物多样性很大的地区,包括竹子物种。结论:Parianella capixaba代表了迄今为止已知的该属最南端的分布。随着这一新种的描述,Espírito桑托州的竹子总数增加到18属52种。
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引用次数: 0
A striking new species of Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae) with single, terminal-spikelet synflorescences, endemic to Jalisco, Mexico 竹科:竹科:节肢竹科)一种具有单,顶生小穗同花的引人注目的新种,产于墨西哥哈利斯科
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.86519
E. Ruíz-Sánchez, Christopher D. Tyrrell, Pablo Carrillo-Reyes, A. T. Nuño-Rubio
Background and aims – Rhipidocladum, a woody bamboo genus distributed from Mexico to Argentina, has raceme like synflorescences of multiple spikelets. Six of the 21 known species occur in Mexico. In this study, we present a full description, distribution map, illustrations, and photographs of an unusual new Rhipidocladum species endemic to Jalisco, Mexico. Additionally, we provide an updated key to the species of Rhipidocladum in Mexico. Material and methods – This study was based on fieldwork, literature, and herbarium specimens review. Specimens collected were analysed and photographed during fieldwork. The conservation assessment is based on spatial analyses, following the IUCN guidelines and criteria. Results – This is the first species in the genus Rhipidocladum that has synflorescences with only a single, terminal spikelet. Rhipidocladum singuliflorum occurs only in three localities in the municipality of Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. This species inhabits the canyon slopes of rivers in subdeciduous and tropical dry forests, at 6–150 m a.s.l. According to our IUCN assessment, this new species should be considered Critically Endangered.
背景和目的:毛竹属,一个分布于墨西哥到阿根廷的木本竹属,具有多个小穗的总状花序状同花序。已知的21种中有6种产于墨西哥。在这项研究中,我们提供了一个完整的描述,分布图,插图和照片的一个不寻常的新物种,在哈利斯科州,墨西哥特有。此外,我们还提供了一份更新的墨西哥棘齿纲物种的检索表。材料和方法:本研究基于实地考察、文献和植物标本馆标本回顾。在野外工作中对采集的标本进行了分析和拍照。保护评估是基于空间分析,遵循世界自然保护联盟的指导方针和标准。结果:本属属中首次发现同花花序仅有一个顶生小穗。单花蓟马只生长在墨西哥哈利斯科州巴亚尔塔港市的三个地方。该物种栖息在海拔6-150米的热带干燥森林和亚热带落叶森林的河流峡谷斜坡上。根据IUCN的评估,该新物种应被视为极度濒危物种。
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引用次数: 3
Species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of Silene villosa s.l. (Caryophyllaceae, sect. Silene s.l.) using nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 利用nrDNA ITS和cpDNA rps16对石竹科石竹节石竹的种界和系统发育关系进行研究
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.85790
F. Jafari, M. Keshavarzi, R. Rabeler
Background and aims – Species delimitation is a necessary investigation for widely distributed species. Examination of herbarium specimens and descriptions in local floras revealed that two forms of Silene villosa were recognized. Form B of S. villosa has been identified as a separate species named S. wendelboi. However, the latter species was not treated as a separate species in local floras. By using molecular tools, we investigated if these forms of S. villosa should be treated as two distinct species or be retained in S. villosa. Material and methods – We created two datasets containing 84 and 46 accessions of nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 regions, respectively, which were extracted mainly from GenBank. Phylogenies were reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Key results – We propose that S. villosa and S. wendelboi are two separate species, morphologically and phylogenetically. Silene wendelboi was first recognized in SW Iran but we show that the species is distributed in the Persian Gulf and the E Mediterranean region as well. In most cases, S. wendelboi is erroneously identified as S. villosa in these regions. The distribution of S. villosa is much wider, also occurring in SW Asia and North Africa, Egypt, and Algeria. Silene wendelboi differs from S. villosa in calyx texture, calyx length, the ratio of calyx length to pedicel, the shape of the apex of the coronal scale, seed morphology, and molecular data, i.e. ITS and rps16 sequences. Based on those two markers, S. villosa is closely related to S. ayachica, while S. wendelboi shows affinity to S. arabica.
背景和目的——物种划界是对广泛分布物种的必要调查。对植物标本馆标本的检查和当地植物区系的描述表明,Silene villosa有两种形式。绒毛S.villosa的形态B已被鉴定为一个单独的物种,命名为S.wendelboi。然而,后一个物种在当地植物区系中没有被视为一个单独的物种。通过使用分子工具,我们研究了这些形式的绒毛S.villosa是否应该作为两个不同的物种处理或保留在绒毛S.villusa中。材料和方法——我们创建了两个数据集,分别包含84份和46份nrDNA ITS和cpDNA rps16区域的材料,这些材料主要从GenBank中提取。使用最大似然和贝叶斯分析重建系统发育。关键结果——我们认为,从形态学和系统发育角度来看,绒毛S.villosa和S.wendelboi是两个独立的物种。Silene wendelboi最初在伊朗西南部被发现,但我们发现该物种也分布在波斯湾和地中海东部地区。在大多数情况下,在这些地区,S.wendelboi被错误地认定为S.villosa。绒毛S.villosa的分布范围更广,也出现在亚洲西南部和北非、埃及和阿尔及利亚。Silene wendelboi与S.villosa的不同之处在于:花萼质地、花萼长度、花萼长度与蒂的比例、冠鳞顶端的形状、种子形态和分子数据,即ITS和rps16序列。基于这两个标记,绒毛S.villosa与ayachica亲缘关系密切,而S.wendelboi与阿拉伯S.arabica表现出亲缘关系。
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引用次数: 0
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Plant Ecology and Evolution
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