Background and aims – The rise of DNA sequencing in systematics has brought more understanding of the Cyperaceae family worldwide. Through these studies, it has been possible to delineate major clades and classify its species into subfamilies, tribes, and genera. Today, we have a good understanding of the species diversity and geographic distribution of the genera. However, in the case of Madagascar, the only complete taxonomic treatment of Cyperaceae dates from 1937. Although recent monographs exist for some genera in Madagascar, the taxonomic treatment of the Cyperaceae of Madagascar has not been updated until now. Hence, the present work aims to produce an updated treatment at the generic level including descriptions and an identification key of all Cyperaceae genera in Madagascar. Material and methods – Books and scientific articles containing descriptions of the genera of Cyperaceae of Madagascar, and information on their ecology and distribution were consulted, as well as herbarium specimens, collections, and data available from online herbaria and aggregator portals. Key results – Madagascar is very rich in Cyperaceae. The species of the Cyperaceae family on the island are distributed in 24 genera, including one endemic genus, i.e. Trichoschoenus. Ten genera are monotypic on the island. Sixteen of the 29 genera described in the Flore de Madagascar remain accepted but the others are now either synonyms of Cyperus, or no longer apply because they are absent from Madagascar, such as Scirpus. Regarding their habitat and ecology, some genera are specific to a particular habitat, like Costularia, while others that are very broadly distributed, like Cyperus and Scleria. Conclusion – Our study provides an updated overview of the genera of Cyperaceae of Madagascar, including an identification key, descriptions, and illustrations.
{"title":"The genera of Cyperaceae of Madagascar","authors":"Fitiavana Rasaminirina, I. Larridon","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.98847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.98847","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – The rise of DNA sequencing in systematics has brought more understanding of the Cyperaceae family worldwide. Through these studies, it has been possible to delineate major clades and classify its species into subfamilies, tribes, and genera. Today, we have a good understanding of the species diversity and geographic distribution of the genera. However, in the case of Madagascar, the only complete taxonomic treatment of Cyperaceae dates from 1937. Although recent monographs exist for some genera in Madagascar, the taxonomic treatment of the Cyperaceae of Madagascar has not been updated until now. Hence, the present work aims to produce an updated treatment at the generic level including descriptions and an identification key of all Cyperaceae genera in Madagascar.\u0000 Material and methods – Books and scientific articles containing descriptions of the genera of Cyperaceae of Madagascar, and information on their ecology and distribution were consulted, as well as herbarium specimens, collections, and data available from online herbaria and aggregator portals.\u0000 Key results – Madagascar is very rich in Cyperaceae. The species of the Cyperaceae family on the island are distributed in 24 genera, including one endemic genus, i.e. Trichoschoenus. Ten genera are monotypic on the island. Sixteen of the 29 genera described in the Flore de Madagascar remain accepted but the others are now either synonyms of Cyperus, or no longer apply because they are absent from Madagascar, such as Scirpus. Regarding their habitat and ecology, some genera are specific to a particular habitat, like Costularia, while others that are very broadly distributed, like Cyperus and Scleria.\u0000 Conclusion – Our study provides an updated overview of the genera of Cyperaceae of Madagascar, including an identification key, descriptions, and illustrations.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45853575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims – Malanea (Rubiaceae) is a Neotropical genus of ca 40 species, 15 of which occur in Brazil, with nine found in the Atlantic Forest domain. This study aims to present a taxonomic treatment of the species occurring in the Atlantic Forest domain. Material and methods – We studied collections deposited in 15 Brazilian herbaria, ALCB, BHCB, BHZB, CEPEC, HUEFS, HUFU, IPA, JPB, MAC, OUPR, PEUFR, RFA, RB, UFP, and UFRN, and collections in NY were studied online. Specimens were identified using protologues and digital images of types available online. Key results – Of the nine species of Malanea previously recognized in the Atlantic Forest domain, we accepted seven, six of which are endemic. Malanea macrophylla has a wide distribution also occurring in other Brazilian phytogeographic domains, and adjacent countries. We expanded the distribution of four species and identified Bahia as the possible centre of diversity for the group in the domain. In addition, an identification key to the species, detailed descriptions, taxonomic notes, typifications, illustrations, maps of geographic distribution, and assessments of conservation status are provided. The names Malanea evenosa, M. forsteronioides, M. macrophylla, M. martiana, and M. spicata are here typified. The calculated conservation status revealed three Endangered species, two Vulnerable ones, M. forsteronioides as Near Threatened, and M. macrophylla with a status of Least Concern.
{"title":"The genus Malanea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil","authors":"Rafael Roxo, M. R. V. Barbosa","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.103395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.103395","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – Malanea (Rubiaceae) is a Neotropical genus of ca 40 species, 15 of which occur in Brazil, with nine found in the Atlantic Forest domain. This study aims to present a taxonomic treatment of the species occurring in the Atlantic Forest domain.\u0000 Material and methods – We studied collections deposited in 15 Brazilian herbaria, ALCB, BHCB, BHZB, CEPEC, HUEFS, HUFU, IPA, JPB, MAC, OUPR, PEUFR, RFA, RB, UFP, and UFRN, and collections in NY were studied online. Specimens were identified using protologues and digital images of types available online.\u0000 Key results – Of the nine species of Malanea previously recognized in the Atlantic Forest domain, we accepted seven, six of which are endemic. Malanea macrophylla has a wide distribution also occurring in other Brazilian phytogeographic domains, and adjacent countries. We expanded the distribution of four species and identified Bahia as the possible centre of diversity for the group in the domain. In addition, an identification key to the species, detailed descriptions, taxonomic notes, typifications, illustrations, maps of geographic distribution, and assessments of conservation status are provided. The names Malanea evenosa, M. forsteronioides, M. macrophylla, M. martiana, and M. spicata are here typified. The calculated conservation status revealed three Endangered species, two Vulnerable ones, M. forsteronioides as Near Threatened, and M. macrophylla with a status of Least Concern.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46696893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Campos-Rocha, A. Meerow, Mauro Peixoto, Ingrid Koch, P. A. Messias, J. H. Dutilh
Background and aims – The Atlantic Forest is among the five most important biodiversity hotspots in the world, harbouring one of the highest levels of endemism and species richness in the tropics. The region has been suggested as a centre of diversity for the genus Hippeastrum, which comprises about one hundred species distributed throughout the Neotropics. Due to its large and showy flowers, the genus is highly sought after by collectors and horticulturists around the world, with hundreds of hybrids produced and traded for centuries. However, most of its species are still known from only one or a few populations, and several are officially recognized as endangered. Monographic studies on the genus Hippeastrum in Brazil have revealed two likely microendemic new species from the Atlantic Forest. Material and methods – The morphological descriptions of the new species are based on herbarium specimens and cultivated plants, as well as in situ observations. Descriptions and measures were taken following standard procedures. Preliminary conservation assessments followed IUCN guidelines and criteria. Key results – Both species show typical morphology of the subgenus Hippeastrum, in which they should be placed. They can be distinguished from similar taxa, including some of the most widely distributed and known species of the genus, by several floral characters. Data on ecology, conservation, and photographs and illustrations are provided, as well as comparisons with related species. An identification key to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest species of Hippeastrum is provided, accompanied by photographs of these species in their natural habitats. Conclusion – The new species are considered critically endangered due to their single known location and small population size. The findings reinforce the need for continued sampling across different regions of the Atlantic Forest, as well as the importance of systematic studies conducted by specialist taxonomists.
{"title":"To print in red ink: two new species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest","authors":"Antonio Campos-Rocha, A. Meerow, Mauro Peixoto, Ingrid Koch, P. A. Messias, J. H. Dutilh","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.95601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.95601","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – The Atlantic Forest is among the five most important biodiversity hotspots in the world, harbouring one of the highest levels of endemism and species richness in the tropics. The region has been suggested as a centre of diversity for the genus Hippeastrum, which comprises about one hundred species distributed throughout the Neotropics. Due to its large and showy flowers, the genus is highly sought after by collectors and horticulturists around the world, with hundreds of hybrids produced and traded for centuries. However, most of its species are still known from only one or a few populations, and several are officially recognized as endangered. Monographic studies on the genus Hippeastrum in Brazil have revealed two likely microendemic new species from the Atlantic Forest.\u0000 Material and methods – The morphological descriptions of the new species are based on herbarium specimens and cultivated plants, as well as in situ observations. Descriptions and measures were taken following standard procedures. Preliminary conservation assessments followed IUCN guidelines and criteria.\u0000 Key results – Both species show typical morphology of the subgenus Hippeastrum, in which they should be placed. They can be distinguished from similar taxa, including some of the most widely distributed and known species of the genus, by several floral characters. Data on ecology, conservation, and photographs and illustrations are provided, as well as comparisons with related species. An identification key to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest species of Hippeastrum is provided, accompanied by photographs of these species in their natural habitats.\u0000 Conclusion – The new species are considered critically endangered due to their single known location and small population size. The findings reinforce the need for continued sampling across different regions of the Atlantic Forest, as well as the importance of systematic studies conducted by specialist taxonomists.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44967440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Fischer, Dorothee Killmann, Jean-Baptiste M. M. Dhetchuvi
Background and aims – The Zingiberaceae of Rwanda are revised, and three new records of Aframomum species (A. corrorima, A. daniellii, A. zambesiacum) are provided. One previously recorded species, A. alboviolaceum, has to be excluded from the Flora of Rwanda. Two new species of Renealmia are described from Rwanda and Burundi in connection with the preparation of the family treatment for the Flore d’Afrique centrale. Material and methods – Field work and standard herbarium practices were applied. Key results – Renealmia timmiorum sp. nov. is similar to R. cincinnata and R. cabrae, and R. susannae-katziae sp. nov. is similar to R. africana and R. dewevrei. The differences with these species are discussed and distribution maps for the new taxa are presented. Renealmia timmiorum is assessed as Least Concern (LC), while R. susannae-katziae is assessed as Endangered (EN).
{"title":"The family Zingiberaceae in Rwanda with description of two new species of Renealmia","authors":"E. Fischer, Dorothee Killmann, Jean-Baptiste M. M. Dhetchuvi","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.99146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.99146","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – The Zingiberaceae of Rwanda are revised, and three new records of Aframomum species (A. corrorima, A. daniellii, A. zambesiacum) are provided. One previously recorded species, A. alboviolaceum, has to be excluded from the Flora of Rwanda. Two new species of Renealmia are described from Rwanda and Burundi in connection with the preparation of the family treatment for the Flore d’Afrique centrale.\u0000 Material and methods – Field work and standard herbarium practices were applied.\u0000 Key results – Renealmia timmiorum sp. nov. is similar to R. cincinnata and R. cabrae, and R. susannae-katziae sp. nov. is similar to R. africana and R. dewevrei. The differences with these species are discussed and distribution maps for the new taxa are presented. Renealmia timmiorum is assessed as Least Concern (LC), while R. susannae-katziae is assessed as Endangered (EN).","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44960467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. R. Couto, A. Fontana, A. F. da Costa, Claudio Nicoletti de Fraga
Background and aims – Stigmatodon (Bromeliaceae) is a monophyletic genus currently comprising 33 species, all endemic to rocky outcrops, mainly inselbergs, from the Atlantic Forest and campos rupestres of the Espinhaço range, Brazil. Material and methods – Our fieldwork in the inselbergs of the Atlantic Forest of the state of Espírito Santo led to the discovery of a new Stigmatodon species with a tubo-laciniate stigma type. Standard herbarium taxonomy practices were adopted to study the novelty. Morphological data were obtained from herbarium specimens and fresh material collected in the field. Key results – Stigmatodon lemeanus is here described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters and affinities of the new species are discussed, accompanied by notes on its ecology, geographic distribution, and conservation status. A key to the species of Stigmatodon from Espírito Santo state is provided. The novelty is similar to S. goniorachis from coastal inselbergs of Rio de Janeiro and S. attenuatoides, another inselberg endemic from southern Espírito Santo. Stigmatodon lemeanus is preliminarily assessed as Vulnerable (VU) according to the IUCN Red List criteria. Additionally, we present a new combination of Tillandsia oligantha in Stigmatodon, correcting a nomenclatural error.
{"title":"A new epilithic bromeliad (Stigmatodon, Tillandsioideae) from Pedra dos Três Pontões, Espírito Santo, Brazil, with an emended combination for the genus","authors":"D. R. Couto, A. Fontana, A. F. da Costa, Claudio Nicoletti de Fraga","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.98904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.98904","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – Stigmatodon (Bromeliaceae) is a monophyletic genus currently comprising 33 species, all endemic to rocky outcrops, mainly inselbergs, from the Atlantic Forest and campos rupestres of the Espinhaço range, Brazil.\u0000 Material and methods – Our fieldwork in the inselbergs of the Atlantic Forest of the state of Espírito Santo led to the discovery of a new Stigmatodon species with a tubo-laciniate stigma type. Standard herbarium taxonomy practices were adopted to study the novelty. Morphological data were obtained from herbarium specimens and fresh material collected in the field.\u0000 Key results – Stigmatodon lemeanus is here described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters and affinities of the new species are discussed, accompanied by notes on its ecology, geographic distribution, and conservation status. A key to the species of Stigmatodon from Espírito Santo state is provided. The novelty is similar to S. goniorachis from coastal inselbergs of Rio de Janeiro and S. attenuatoides, another inselberg endemic from southern Espírito Santo. Stigmatodon lemeanus is preliminarily assessed as Vulnerable (VU) according to the IUCN Red List criteria. Additionally, we present a new combination of Tillandsia oligantha in Stigmatodon, correcting a nomenclatural error.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47015407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oscar Sandino Guerrero-Eloisa, J. Golubov, M. Mandujano, P. L. Valverde
Background and aims – Understanding the traits that lead to the invasion potential of invasive alien species (IAS) provides insight for their management. The reproductive traits of IAS help us understand the mechanisms that allow for their invasive potential, and colonization into new ranges. Asphodelus fistulosus is a native Mediterranean species commonly found invading Australia, South-East Asia, South Africa, and North America. Materials and methods – Two populations of A. fistulosus in the Chihuahuan Desert were monitored for reproductive phenology. Floral visitors and their behaviour were described, and we assessed the breeding system through floral morphological characters and the mating system in controlled pollination experiments. Key results – Reproductive phenology showed continuous reproduction throughout the year. Floral morphology suggested a facultative autogamous breeding system, but the mating system was mixed with autonomous selfing. Flowers lasted one day, with anthesis lasting 11 h. Floral visitors of A. fistulosus consisted of a variety of taxa including species of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera, the exotic Apis mellifera being the most frequent visitor. Conclusions – The reproductive traits of A. fistulosus in the invaded range provide the biological potential for further invasion. The continuous production of reproductive structures attracts many diverse pollinators, and the autonomous self-pollination implies that a single plant has the potential to develop a new population, which makes the control of this IAS a global challenge.
{"title":"The reproductive traits that contribute to the invasive success of Mediterranean onionweed (Asphodelus fistulosus)","authors":"Oscar Sandino Guerrero-Eloisa, J. Golubov, M. Mandujano, P. L. Valverde","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.89362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.89362","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – Understanding the traits that lead to the invasion potential of invasive alien species (IAS) provides insight for their management. The reproductive traits of IAS help us understand the mechanisms that allow for their invasive potential, and colonization into new ranges. Asphodelus fistulosus is a native Mediterranean species commonly found invading Australia, South-East Asia, South Africa, and North America.\u0000 Materials and methods – Two populations of A. fistulosus in the Chihuahuan Desert were monitored for reproductive phenology. Floral visitors and their behaviour were described, and we assessed the breeding system through floral morphological characters and the mating system in controlled pollination experiments.\u0000 Key results – Reproductive phenology showed continuous reproduction throughout the year. Floral morphology suggested a facultative autogamous breeding system, but the mating system was mixed with autonomous selfing. Flowers lasted one day, with anthesis lasting 11 h. Floral visitors of A. fistulosus consisted of a variety of taxa including species of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera, the exotic Apis mellifera being the most frequent visitor.\u0000 Conclusions – The reproductive traits of A. fistulosus in the invaded range provide the biological potential for further invasion. The continuous production of reproductive structures attracts many diverse pollinators, and the autonomous self-pollination implies that a single plant has the potential to develop a new population, which makes the control of this IAS a global challenge.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42813754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toral Shah, Fandey H. Mashimba, Haji. O. Suleiman, Yahya S. Mbailwa, V. Savolainen, I. Larridon, I. Darbyshire
Background and aims – Ochna holstii and its allies represent an ecologically important group in a variety of lowland to montane habitats in tropical eastern and southern Africa. Identifying and delimiting species within this group has proved challenging due to a lack of variation in morphological characters. We combine genomic-scale data of multiple accessions per species with morphological data to generate a taxonomic revision for the Ochna holstii complex using a multi-evidence approach. Material and methods – A total of 50 samples representing eight species were analysed using target enrichment and a custom bait kit. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the multi-species coalescent model and a concatenation maximum likelihood method, and gene tree discordance was investigated. Herbarium specimens of the O. holstii complex were studied in detail for informative morphological characters, supplemented where possible from field collections, and a full taxonomic revision is provided. Key results – Within Ochna sect. Schizanthera Clade I, our study confirms that all species are monophyletic and supported by morphological data with the exception of O. holstii, which is paraphyletic. A new species, O. mchanga, previously confused with O. polyneura, is described, and the placement of another recently described species, O. maguirei, is confirmed for the first time using molecular data. Conclusion – The widespread montane tree Ochna holstii is non-monophyletic in its current circumscription and likely gave rise to the more range-restricted O. oxyphylla and O. stolzii. We suggest that an integrated taxonomy approach, using both molecular and morphological data, is essential for deciphering difficult species relationships in Ochna.
{"title":"A taxonomic revision of the ecologically important Ochna holstii (Ochnaceae) complex using molecular and morphological data","authors":"Toral Shah, Fandey H. Mashimba, Haji. O. Suleiman, Yahya S. Mbailwa, V. Savolainen, I. Larridon, I. Darbyshire","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.85589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.85589","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – Ochna holstii and its allies represent an ecologically important group in a variety of lowland to montane habitats in tropical eastern and southern Africa. Identifying and delimiting species within this group has proved challenging due to a lack of variation in morphological characters. We combine genomic-scale data of multiple accessions per species with morphological data to generate a taxonomic revision for the Ochna holstii complex using a multi-evidence approach.\u0000 Material and methods – A total of 50 samples representing eight species were analysed using target enrichment and a custom bait kit. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the multi-species coalescent model and a concatenation maximum likelihood method, and gene tree discordance was investigated. Herbarium specimens of the O. holstii complex were studied in detail for informative morphological characters, supplemented where possible from field collections, and a full taxonomic revision is provided.\u0000 Key results – Within Ochna sect. Schizanthera Clade I, our study confirms that all species are monophyletic and supported by morphological data with the exception of O. holstii, which is paraphyletic. A new species, O. mchanga, previously confused with O. polyneura, is described, and the placement of another recently described species, O. maguirei, is confirmed for the first time using molecular data.\u0000 Conclusion – The widespread montane tree Ochna holstii is non-monophyletic in its current circumscription and likely gave rise to the more range-restricted O. oxyphylla and O. stolzii. We suggest that an integrated taxonomy approach, using both molecular and morphological data, is essential for deciphering difficult species relationships in Ochna.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43648306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Quintanar, B. Sonké, Murielle Simo‐Droissart, P. Barberá, M. Libalah, D. Harris
Background and aims – Specimens of a new tree species in the genus Drypetes (Putranjivaceae) distributed in Cameroon and eastern Nigeria, D. stevartii, were associated with D. verrucosa, another tree species endemic to Gabon, due to its warty fruits and to the overall morphological resemblances of both species. Material and methods – The present study is based on the study of 20 gatherings of D. verrucosa and 26 gatherings of D. stevartii. Morphological observations on herbarium specimens belonging to the new species and D. verrucosa were carried out in order to describe them. Key results – This treatment includes the detailed descriptions of these two species, the typification of their names, a comparative table summarizing their main morphological differences, an identification key, photographs of both, as well as information about their distribution, habitat, and phenology. Preliminary IUCN Red List assessments show that both D. verrucosa and D. stevartii are ‘Near Threatened’ species.
{"title":"A matter of warts: a taxonomic treatment for Drypetes verrucosa (Putranjivaceae, Malpighiales) and a new cauliflorous species from Cameroon and Nigeria, D. stevartii","authors":"A. Quintanar, B. Sonké, Murielle Simo‐Droissart, P. Barberá, M. Libalah, D. Harris","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.102004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.102004","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – Specimens of a new tree species in the genus Drypetes (Putranjivaceae) distributed in Cameroon and eastern Nigeria, D. stevartii, were associated with D. verrucosa, another tree species endemic to Gabon, due to its warty fruits and to the overall morphological resemblances of both species.\u0000 Material and methods – The present study is based on the study of 20 gatherings of D. verrucosa and 26 gatherings of D. stevartii. Morphological observations on herbarium specimens belonging to the new species and D. verrucosa were carried out in order to describe them.\u0000 Key results – This treatment includes the detailed descriptions of these two species, the typification of their names, a comparative table summarizing their main morphological differences, an identification key, photographs of both, as well as information about their distribution, habitat, and phenology. Preliminary IUCN Red List assessments show that both D. verrucosa and D. stevartii are ‘Near Threatened’ species.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43683404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. F. de Almeida, Marco O. O. Pellegrini, I. L. de Morais, R. Simão-Bianchini, Pantamith Rattanakrajang, M. Cheek, A. R. Simões
Background and aims – Keraunea is a Brazilian endemic genus that has sat uncomfortably in Convolvulaceae where it was placed due to an enlarged and adnate fruit bract typical of Neuropeltis. A recent molecular phylogeny suggested that two of its five morphologically almost identical species actually belong to two different families, Malpighiaceae (superrosids) and Ehretiaceae (superasterids). Later studies have demonstrated that Keraunea effectively belongs to Ehretiaceae, but the proposal of one species belonging to Malpighiaceae has remained problematic. In this study, we re-assess this hypothesis, discuss the issues that have led to this assumption, and offer insights on the importance of carefully using herbarium collections and incorporating morphological evidence in systematic studies. Material and methods – Sequences of matK, rbcL, and ITS for all 77 currently accepted genera of Malpighiaceae, K. brasiliensis and Elatinaceae (outgroup) were compiled from GenBank and analysed with Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference criteria for nuclear, plastid and combined datasets. Additional database and herbarium studies were performed to locate and analyse all duplicates of the holotype of K. brasiliensis to check for misidentified or contaminated material. Key results – Our examination of expanded DNA datasets and herbarium sheets of all K. brasiliensis isotypes revealed that a mistake in tissue sampling was, in fact, what led to this species being proposed to belong in Malpighiaceae. Kew’s isotype had a leaf of Malpighiaceae (likely Mascagnia cordifolia) stored in the fragment capsule, which was sampled and sequenced instead of the actual leaves of K. brasiliensis. Recently published studies have settled the placement of Keraunea in Ehretiaceae (Boraginales) and proposed three additional species. Conclusions – DNA sequences can be helpful in classifying taxa when morphology is conflicting or of a doubtful interpretation, with molecular phylogenetic placement being established as a popular tool accelerating the discovery of systematic relationships. Nonetheless, molecular techniques are also susceptible to methodological mistakes, which necessitates building a solid foundation of plant morphology and taxonomy to avoid artefacts in phylogenetic studies.
{"title":"Barking up the wrong tree: the dangers of taxonomic misidentification in molecular phylogenetic studies","authors":"R. F. de Almeida, Marco O. O. Pellegrini, I. L. de Morais, R. Simão-Bianchini, Pantamith Rattanakrajang, M. Cheek, A. R. Simões","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.101135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.101135","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – Keraunea is a Brazilian endemic genus that has sat uncomfortably in Convolvulaceae where it was placed due to an enlarged and adnate fruit bract typical of Neuropeltis. A recent molecular phylogeny suggested that two of its five morphologically almost identical species actually belong to two different families, Malpighiaceae (superrosids) and Ehretiaceae (superasterids). Later studies have demonstrated that Keraunea effectively belongs to Ehretiaceae, but the proposal of one species belonging to Malpighiaceae has remained problematic. In this study, we re-assess this hypothesis, discuss the issues that have led to this assumption, and offer insights on the importance of carefully using herbarium collections and incorporating morphological evidence in systematic studies.\u0000 Material and methods – Sequences of matK, rbcL, and ITS for all 77 currently accepted genera of Malpighiaceae, K. brasiliensis and Elatinaceae (outgroup) were compiled from GenBank and analysed with Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference criteria for nuclear, plastid and combined datasets. Additional database and herbarium studies were performed to locate and analyse all duplicates of the holotype of K. brasiliensis to check for misidentified or contaminated material.\u0000 Key results – Our examination of expanded DNA datasets and herbarium sheets of all K. brasiliensis isotypes revealed that a mistake in tissue sampling was, in fact, what led to this species being proposed to belong in Malpighiaceae. Kew’s isotype had a leaf of Malpighiaceae (likely Mascagnia cordifolia) stored in the fragment capsule, which was sampled and sequenced instead of the actual leaves of K. brasiliensis. Recently published studies have settled the placement of Keraunea in Ehretiaceae (Boraginales) and proposed three additional species.\u0000 Conclusions – DNA sequences can be helpful in classifying taxa when morphology is conflicting or of a doubtful interpretation, with molecular phylogenetic placement being established as a popular tool accelerating the discovery of systematic relationships. Nonetheless, molecular techniques are also susceptible to methodological mistakes, which necessitates building a solid foundation of plant morphology and taxonomy to avoid artefacts in phylogenetic studies.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49184622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. F. Sant’Anna-Santos, Rafael Micheli, Luiz Fernando Lima Carvalho, P. Soffiatti
Background and aims – This study is part of ongoing research on the Arecaceae Flora of the Serra do Cabral, an isolated massif in the southwest of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais State. Because of the isolation of the massif, the area has a rich biodiversity and a high level of endemism. While searching for populations of the rare and critically endangered Syagrus cabraliensis, a new bluish-leaved palm species was discovered and it is described here. Material and methods – The new species’ morphology is described based on field collections. The pinnae were analysed using SEM and LM cross- and longitudinal sections following default methodology. In addition, we compared the species to S. cabraliensis and provided ecological notes and a conservation status assessment. Key results – Syagrus carvalhoi resembles S. cabraliensis but they can easily be distinguished by morphoanatomical characters. Both species occur non-sympatrically in the Serra do Cabral, in contrasting microhabitats: S. carvalhoi in the southern quartzitic campos rupestres and S. cabraliensis in the northern ferruginous campos rupestres. A key to the known grass-like Syagrus species from the massif is provided. Based on the restricted area of occurrence and the anthropogenic threats, Syagrus carvalhoi is assessed as critically endangered. Conclusion – Syagrus carvalhoi is the second grass-like endemic Syagrus species from the Serra do Cabral and presents rare characters within the genus (grass-like aspect, colonial habit, flowers in tetrads, and the stem forking at or below the ground). This discovery corroborates that this isolated OCBIL is a home for endemic and rare palm species. The Serra do Cabral massif has proved a source of morphological and anatomical novelties in Arecaceae, affecting the taxonomy and understanding of the evolution and ecology of palms. Our results reinforce the notion that it is important to conserve this area with rich and rare biodiversity but under alarming and unprecedented threats.
背景和目的-本研究是正在进行的Serra do Cabral山槟榔科植物区系研究的一部分，Serra do Cabral是米纳斯吉拉斯州espinhaarso山脉西南部的一个孤立的山体。由于地块的隔离，该地区具有丰富的生物多样性和高度的地方性。在寻找稀有和极度濒危的Syagrus cabraliensis种群时，发现了一种新的蓝叶棕榈物种，并在这里进行了描述。材料和方法-根据野外采集的资料描述了新种的形态。耳廓采用扫描电镜和LM横剖面和纵剖面，按照默认的方法进行分析。此外，我们还将其与S. cabraliensis进行了比较，并给出了生态笔记和保护现状评价。主要结果-卡瓦霍象与卡布兰象相似，但它们可以很容易地通过形态解剖特征加以区分。这两个物种在Serra do Cabral中不对称地出现，在不同的微生境中:S. carvalhoi在南石英campos rupestres中，S. cabraliensis在北铁质campos rupestres中。提供了从地块中已知的草状Syagrus物种的关键。基于限制发生区域和人为威胁，将其评定为极度濒危物种。结论:Syagrus carvalhoi是Serra do Cabral的第二个草状地方性Syagrus物种，在属中具有罕见的特征(草状外貌，殖民地习性，四分体花，茎在地面或地下分叉)。这一发现证实了这一孤立的OCBIL是地方性和稀有棕榈物种的家园。Serra do Cabral块体已被证明是槟榔科植物形态和解剖学上的新来源，影响了棕榈的分类和进化与生态的理解。我们的研究结果强化了这样一种观念，即保护这一拥有丰富而稀有生物多样性的地区是非常重要的，但它正面临着令人担忧的前所未有的威胁。
{"title":"A new bluish-leaved Syagrus (Arecaceae) from an overlooked OCBIL in the Espinhaço Range (Brazil)","authors":"B. F. Sant’Anna-Santos, Rafael Micheli, Luiz Fernando Lima Carvalho, P. Soffiatti","doi":"10.5091/plecevo.101027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.101027","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims – This study is part of ongoing research on the Arecaceae Flora of the Serra do Cabral, an isolated massif in the southwest of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais State. Because of the isolation of the massif, the area has a rich biodiversity and a high level of endemism. While searching for populations of the rare and critically endangered Syagrus cabraliensis, a new bluish-leaved palm species was discovered and it is described here.\u0000 Material and methods – The new species’ morphology is described based on field collections. The pinnae were analysed using SEM and LM cross- and longitudinal sections following default methodology. In addition, we compared the species to S. cabraliensis and provided ecological notes and a conservation status assessment.\u0000 Key results – Syagrus carvalhoi resembles S. cabraliensis but they can easily be distinguished by morphoanatomical characters. Both species occur non-sympatrically in the Serra do Cabral, in contrasting microhabitats: S. carvalhoi in the southern quartzitic campos rupestres and S. cabraliensis in the northern ferruginous campos rupestres. A key to the known grass-like Syagrus species from the massif is provided. Based on the restricted area of occurrence and the anthropogenic threats, Syagrus carvalhoi is assessed as critically endangered.\u0000 Conclusion – Syagrus carvalhoi is the second grass-like endemic Syagrus species from the Serra do Cabral and presents rare characters within the genus (grass-like aspect, colonial habit, flowers in tetrads, and the stem forking at or below the ground). This discovery corroborates that this isolated OCBIL is a home for endemic and rare palm species. The Serra do Cabral massif has proved a source of morphological and anatomical novelties in Arecaceae, affecting the taxonomy and understanding of the evolution and ecology of palms. Our results reinforce the notion that it is important to conserve this area with rich and rare biodiversity but under alarming and unprecedented threats.","PeriodicalId":54603,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology and Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42172459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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