Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/011
B. Nandi, M. Sinha
The momentum spectrum of sea level cosmic ray muons has been measured for near vertical incidence in the range 5 GeV/c
用杜尔加布尔宇宙射线谱仪测量了海平面宇宙射线介子在近垂直入射范围5 GeV/c
{"title":"The momentum spectrum of muons at sea level in the range 5-1200 GeV/c","authors":"B. Nandi, M. Sinha","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/011","url":null,"abstract":"The momentum spectrum of sea level cosmic ray muons has been measured for near vertical incidence in the range 5 GeV/c<p<1200 GeV/c by the Durgapur cosmic ray spectrograph. The measured spectrum compares well with that predicted from the pion diffusion model based on the assumption of 100% pions as the parent of muons. The exponent of the pion production spectrum has been determined to be -2.61-0.02+0.03. The present results are compared with the results of other workers.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":"1384-1394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76240543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/007
C. Wheeler
The problem of space charge limited photoelectric emission in a plane parallel electrode geometry is considered for an emitting electrode composed of material with a constant optical absorption coefficient and a classical step surface barrier. Poisson's equation is solved for the limit of zero cathode temperature and this solution shown to be applicable to the general case if the ratio of the collection current J to the saturation current Js satisfies ( pi 2/3)(kT/h( nu - nu 0))2<
研究了由恒定光吸收系数材料和经典阶梯表面势垒组成的平面平行电极几何结构中空间电荷限制的光电发射问题。解出了阴极零温度极限的泊松方程，该解适用于集电电流J与饱和电流Js之比满足(pi 2/3)(kT/h(nu - nu 0))2<
{"title":"Space charge limited photoelectric emission in a plane parallel electrode geometry","authors":"C. Wheeler","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/007","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of space charge limited photoelectric emission in a plane parallel electrode geometry is considered for an emitting electrode composed of material with a constant optical absorption coefficient and a classical step surface barrier. Poisson's equation is solved for the limit of zero cathode temperature and this solution shown to be applicable to the general case if the ratio of the collection current J to the saturation current Js satisfies ( pi 2/3)(kT/h( nu - nu 0))2<<J/Js<or=0.5 where T is the cathode temperature, h nu the incident quantum energy and h nu 0 the threshold energy. For a given anode voltage of either polarity it is shown that there are three characteristic anode currents-the current for onset of space charge limitation, the maximum limited current and the completely limited current. When the anode is positive all three currents are greater than the Langmuir-Child limit. For zero anode voltage the current flow is always space charge limited and also exhibits a maximum and complete limitation.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"39 1","pages":"1337-1354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74224764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/013
A. Chisholm, J. Nicholson
The total cross section for the scattering of 40 MeV photons in lead has been measured. The small difference between the measurements and the calculated values is interpreted as a shortcoming in the calculation of the pair production cross section.
{"title":"PAIR PRODUCTION CROSS SECTION IN LEAD.","authors":"A. Chisholm, J. Nicholson","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/013","url":null,"abstract":"The total cross section for the scattering of 40 MeV photons in lead has been measured. The small difference between the measurements and the calculated values is interpreted as a shortcoming in the calculation of the pair production cross section.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"106 1","pages":"1404-1408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87979669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/012
T. Nagarajan, M. Ravindranath, K. V. Reddy
The investigation of the 965 keV transitions of 198Au shows that the same data analysed with the Fermi function taken from NBS tables and that from Dzhelepov and Zyrianova (corrected for finite size) differ by 3% in slope. With a shape factor C(W)=k(1+aW) the coefficient a has been determined to be -0.022+or-0.011 using Bhalla and Rose tables with Buhring's screening correction and the correct end point determined from the proper physical behaviour of the shape factor in the neighbourhood of the end point energy. The use of this coefficient through the PBS method gives alpha 412K=(301+or-3)10-4 in agreement with theory as well as the recent very accurate IEC methods. This means that the disagreement of the PBS method with theory and other accurate methods arises mainly through the occurrence of a shape factor in the electron energy spectrum and the use of the correct shape factor in the PBS method gives good agreement.
{"title":"Precision analysis of 198Au beta spectral shape","authors":"T. Nagarajan, M. Ravindranath, K. V. Reddy","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/012","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of the 965 keV transitions of 198Au shows that the same data analysed with the Fermi function taken from NBS tables and that from Dzhelepov and Zyrianova (corrected for finite size) differ by 3% in slope. With a shape factor C(W)=k(1+aW) the coefficient a has been determined to be -0.022+or-0.011 using Bhalla and Rose tables with Buhring's screening correction and the correct end point determined from the proper physical behaviour of the shape factor in the neighbourhood of the end point energy. The use of this coefficient through the PBS method gives alpha 412K=(301+or-3)10-4 in agreement with theory as well as the recent very accurate IEC methods. This means that the disagreement of the PBS method with theory and other accurate methods arises mainly through the occurrence of a shape factor in the electron energy spectrum and the use of the correct shape factor in the PBS method gives good agreement.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"65 1","pages":"1395-1403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85796029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/015
J. Wdowczyk, W. Tkaczyk, A. Wolfendale
An analysis is made of the interactions of very energetic cosmic ray primaries with the universal black body radiation in extragalactic space. The gamma rays from the initial pi 0 mesons produce electron pairs in collisions with further black body photons and a gamma -e cascade builds up through this interaction and the inverse Compton interaction. Results are given for the expected gamma -ray spectrum at the earth for a variety of assumptions about the magnitude of the primary spectrum and other parameters and comparison is made with upper limits to the gamma -ray intensity from experimental data. One conclusion that arises immediately is that if the higher of the two primary proton energy spectra is correct then the extragalactic infrared energy density must be less than about 2 eV cm-3. In general the predicted gamma to proton ratios are highest in the region of 3*1019 eV. They are mostly below present detection limits but should be detectable with the improved extensive air shower arrays at present being constructed.
{"title":"Primary cosmic γrays above 1012 eV","authors":"J. Wdowczyk, W. Tkaczyk, A. Wolfendale","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/015","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis is made of the interactions of very energetic cosmic ray primaries with the universal black body radiation in extragalactic space. The gamma rays from the initial pi 0 mesons produce electron pairs in collisions with further black body photons and a gamma -e cascade builds up through this interaction and the inverse Compton interaction. Results are given for the expected gamma -ray spectrum at the earth for a variety of assumptions about the magnitude of the primary spectrum and other parameters and comparison is made with upper limits to the gamma -ray intensity from experimental data. One conclusion that arises immediately is that if the higher of the two primary proton energy spectra is correct then the extragalactic infrared energy density must be less than about 2 eV cm-3. In general the predicted gamma to proton ratios are highest in the region of 3*1019 eV. They are mostly below present detection limits but should be detectable with the improved extensive air shower arrays at present being constructed.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"1419-1432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76756127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/002
J. Gibbon
The equations of motion of a relativistic electron in a spatially modulated magnetic field are solved for the two limiting cases of a strong or a weak field. The microwave frequency spectrum emitted in the strong field limit depends on a critical field parameter Bcr, in qualitative agreement with some recent experimental results of Friedman and Herndon. (see abstr. A17480 of 1972).
{"title":"Motion of a relativistic electron in a spatially modulated magnetic field","authors":"J. Gibbon","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/002","url":null,"abstract":"The equations of motion of a relativistic electron in a spatially modulated magnetic field are solved for the two limiting cases of a strong or a weak field. The microwave frequency spectrum emitted in the strong field limit depends on a critical field parameter Bcr, in qualitative agreement with some recent experimental results of Friedman and Herndon. (see abstr. A17480 of 1972).","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80176922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/001
A. Guttmann, G. Joyce
A new recurrence relation method for analysing the singular behaviour of series expansions is described. It is shown using plausible nonrigorous arguments that the method can resolve logarithmic singularities and finite cusp singularities.
{"title":"On a new method of series analysis in lattice statistics","authors":"A. Guttmann, G. Joyce","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/001","url":null,"abstract":"A new recurrence relation method for analysing the singular behaviour of series expansions is described. It is shown using plausible nonrigorous arguments that the method can resolve logarithmic singularities and finite cusp singularities.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"130 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80024198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/014
T. Chow
The propagation of two strong radiative shocks moving opposite in an inhomogeneous cosmic medium is calculated by a 'modified' characteristic method. It is found that the shock propagation is seriously affected by radiation losses and by the inhomogeneity of the medium; the cooled and recombined post-shock gas first appears near the shock front. This differs from results derived from steady state solutions, which predict that the condensation should appear first at the contact surface.
{"title":"Propagation of radiative shock waves in an inhomogeneous cosmic medium","authors":"T. Chow","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/014","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation of two strong radiative shocks moving opposite in an inhomogeneous cosmic medium is calculated by a 'modified' characteristic method. It is found that the shock propagation is seriously affected by radiation losses and by the inhomogeneity of the medium; the cooled and recombined post-shock gas first appears near the shock front. This differs from results derived from steady state solutions, which predict that the condensation should appear first at the contact surface.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":"1409-1418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84457188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/004
A. Banerjee
The author presents a method to obtain a class of exact solutions for uniform fluid spheres surrounded by empty space. It is shown that in some cases there is a reversal in the motion of contraction or expansion of the sphere, while in other cases there is no bouncing at all.
{"title":"Some properties of a uniform fluid sphere in general relativity","authors":"A. Banerjee","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/004","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents a method to obtain a class of exact solutions for uniform fluid spheres surrounded by empty space. It is shown that in some cases there is a reversal in the motion of contraction or expansion of the sphere, while in other cases there is no bouncing at all.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"44 1","pages":"1305-1311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84051842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/009
D. Barkai, K. Moriarty
U(6,6) symmetric kinematic factors are combined with the generalized Veneziano model. The model is applied to K-p to K*- pi +n. Some arbitrariness of parameters is removed and comparisons with the data show the results are at least as good as in previous models.
将U(6,6)对称运动因子与广义Veneziano模型相结合。将该模型应用于K-p到K*- pi +n。将参数的一些随意性去除，并与数据进行比较，结果至少与以前的模型一样好。
{"title":"U(6,6) symmetry and the generalized Veneziano model for K-p→K*-π+n","authors":"D. Barkai, K. Moriarty","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/009","url":null,"abstract":"U(6,6) symmetric kinematic factors are combined with the generalized Veneziano model. The model is applied to K-p to K*- pi +n. Some arbitrariness of parameters is removed and comparisons with the data show the results are at least as good as in previous models.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1364-1373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83588697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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