Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/010
C. Wang, A. Lin
Longitudinal momentum distributions of produced pions from hadron-hadron collisions were derived from the quark-boson hadron model in which the hadron is a bound system of quarks (three for a nucleon, two for a meson) and a number of fluctuating charged and neutral bosons. The model was obtained previously by the authors from the study of the inelastic form factors, or the structure functions in eN, nu N and nu N scattering. The momentum distributions derived here with no free parameter fit through the five-decade measured cross sections for pp interactions and reproduce the asymmetric spectra observed in pi -p, pi +p and K+p interactions.
{"title":"PARTICLE PRODUCTION SPECTRA AND THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE HADRONS.","authors":"C. Wang, A. Lin","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/010","url":null,"abstract":"Longitudinal momentum distributions of produced pions from hadron-hadron collisions were derived from the quark-boson hadron model in which the hadron is a bound system of quarks (three for a nucleon, two for a meson) and a number of fluctuating charged and neutral bosons. The model was obtained previously by the authors from the study of the inelastic form factors, or the structure functions in eN, nu N and nu N scattering. The momentum distributions derived here with no free parameter fit through the five-decade measured cross sections for pp interactions and reproduce the asymmetric spectra observed in pi -p, pi +p and K+p interactions.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1374-1383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75752670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/006
J. B. Ehrman
A simple analytical model for computing range-energy straggling of moderately relativistic electrons is set up. Both inelastic scattering and bremsstrahlung are considered as sources of straggling. The model gives overestimates for radiative straggling, but it is indicated how this overestimation may be removed. The simple (overestimating) model is used to compute range straggling for electrons up to kinetic energies of 4 MeV in uranium and up to 30 MeV in aluminium. The occurrence of the infinities in Eyges' radiative straggling treatment are explained and removed. The results justify the neglect of straggling in electron transport when applied to photon production as done by Brown, Ogilvie, Wittry, Kyser, Ehrman, dePackh, and others.
{"title":"Straggling of moderately relativistic electrons","authors":"J. B. Ehrman","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/9/006","url":null,"abstract":"A simple analytical model for computing range-energy straggling of moderately relativistic electrons is set up. Both inelastic scattering and bremsstrahlung are considered as sources of straggling. The model gives overestimates for radiative straggling, but it is indicated how this overestimation may be removed. The simple (overestimating) model is used to compute range straggling for electrons up to kinetic energies of 4 MeV in uranium and up to 30 MeV in aluminium. The occurrence of the infinities in Eyges' radiative straggling treatment are explained and removed. The results justify the neglect of straggling in electron transport when applied to photon production as done by Brown, Ogilvie, Wittry, Kyser, Ehrman, dePackh, and others.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"27 1","pages":"1320-1336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82247230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/009
T. L. John, K. L. Williams
For Pt.I see ibid., vol.5, 1152 (1972). A method given in Part I for the calculation of variational trial functions is applied to the continuous spectra of some simple one and two particle systems.
{"title":"VARIATIONAL TRIAL FUNCTIONS IN QUANTUM THEORY. II. CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM.","authors":"T. L. John, K. L. Williams","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/009","url":null,"abstract":"For Pt.I see ibid., vol.5, 1152 (1972). A method given in Part I for the calculation of variational trial functions is applied to the continuous spectra of some simple one and two particle systems.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"30 1","pages":"1165-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73968869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/020
A. L. Rao, J. R. Rao
Neutron capture cross sections leading to the isomeric states in seven nuclei have been measured, for the first time, using the activation technique and absolute gamma counting method, employing an antimony-beryllium neutron source and a calibrated well-type NaI(Tl) crystal. In two reactions, 116Cd(n, gamma )117m,gCd and 151Eu(n, gamma )152m1,m2Eu where cross sections have been measured for a pair of states in each case, the 'isomeric cross section ratio' has been employed to extract the spin cutoff factor following Huizenga and Vandenbosch formalism. A comparison is made with theoretical predictions based on various models of level density to throw light on the nuclear moments of inertia.
{"title":"Cross sections and isomer ratios for some neutron capture reactions","authors":"A. L. Rao, J. R. Rao","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/020","url":null,"abstract":"Neutron capture cross sections leading to the isomeric states in seven nuclei have been measured, for the first time, using the activation technique and absolute gamma counting method, employing an antimony-beryllium neutron source and a calibrated well-type NaI(Tl) crystal. In two reactions, 116Cd(n, gamma )117m,gCd and 151Eu(n, gamma )152m1,m2Eu where cross sections have been measured for a pair of states in each case, the 'isomeric cross section ratio' has been employed to extract the spin cutoff factor following Huizenga and Vandenbosch formalism. A comparison is made with theoretical predictions based on various models of level density to throw light on the nuclear moments of inertia.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"80 1","pages":"1262-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80027779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/014
G. Pert
The absorption of radiation by inverse bremsstrahlung absorption from a planar single mode monochromatic light beam is considered by nonrelativistic time-dependent perturbation theory, which is equivalent to the Born approximation. The results are of general validity and may be applied to any scattering system which is left unchanged by the collision. Comparison between the results obtained previously by different workers shown the relationship between the different models used to investigate this effect.
{"title":"Inverse bremsstrahlung absorption in large radiation fields during binary collisions-born approximation. I. Elastic collisions","authors":"G. Pert","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/014","url":null,"abstract":"The absorption of radiation by inverse bremsstrahlung absorption from a planar single mode monochromatic light beam is considered by nonrelativistic time-dependent perturbation theory, which is equivalent to the Born approximation. The results are of general validity and may be applied to any scattering system which is left unchanged by the collision. Comparison between the results obtained previously by different workers shown the relationship between the different models used to investigate this effect.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"11 1","pages":"1221-1232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81853983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/008
T. L. John, K. L. Williams
The authors give a method of calculating variational trial functions in quantum theory. Applications are made to the discrete spectra of some simple one and two particle systems.
给出了量子理论中变分试函数的一种计算方法。应用于一些简单的单粒子和双粒子系统的离散谱。
{"title":"Variational trial functions in quantum theory. I. Bound states","authors":"T. L. John, K. L. Williams","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/008","url":null,"abstract":"The authors give a method of calculating variational trial functions in quantum theory. Applications are made to the discrete spectra of some simple one and two particle systems.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"64 1","pages":"1152-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77243855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/005
L. Delves
The author examines the relation between the Temple, Weinstein and Stevenson bounds for an arbitrary eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian H. It is shown that, in a sense which is defined, the Temple and Stevenson bounds are numerically equivalent, while the Weinstein bound is inferior to either. The Temple bound is reformulated and it is shown that the usual restriction on its validity may be relaxed; the relaxation leads to rather more convenient calculations in the presence of excited states, but not to improved lower bounds. A numerical example demonstrating the extension is given.
{"title":"On the Temple lower bound for eigenvalues","authors":"L. Delves","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/005","url":null,"abstract":"The author examines the relation between the Temple, Weinstein and Stevenson bounds for an arbitrary eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian H. It is shown that, in a sense which is defined, the Temple and Stevenson bounds are numerically equivalent, while the Weinstein bound is inferior to either. The Temple bound is reformulated and it is shown that the usual restriction on its validity may be relaxed; the relaxation leads to rather more convenient calculations in the presence of excited states, but not to improved lower bounds. A numerical example demonstrating the extension is given.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"1123-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82768417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/019
A. Macleod, G. R. Milne
The mechanism of the 12C(p,p'3 alpha ) reaction at 13 MeV is found to involve the ground state of 8Be and the ground state of 9B in 24% of the events, and the 8Be ground state alone in 51% of the events. The remaining 25% of the events show no clear evidence of levels in intermediate nuclei. The cross section for this reaction is 154 mb.
{"title":"Proton nuclear reaction cross sections in carbon and the 12C(p,p'3α) reaction mechanism at 13 MeV","authors":"A. Macleod, G. R. Milne","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/019","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism of the 12C(p,p'3 alpha ) reaction at 13 MeV is found to involve the ground state of 8Be and the ground state of 9B in 24% of the events, and the 8Be ground state alone in 51% of the events. The remaining 25% of the events show no clear evidence of levels in intermediate nuclei. The cross section for this reaction is 154 mb.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":"1252-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77294114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/013
P. Wright
When making thermodynamically based comparisons concerning behaviour in the vicinity of Curie points or Neel points, Pippard's relations are in principle more pertinent than Ehrenfest's. In a discussion supplementing the analyses of Sawatzky and Bloom (1962-64) and Skalyo, Cohen, Friedberg and Griffiths (1967), various magnetic Pippard's relations are considered, and it is re-emphasized that a relation derived by Fisher (1960-62) in statistical mechanical terms (that near an antiferromagnetic Neel point the rise in specific heat closely follows the temperature coefficient of the magnetic susceptibility) amounts very nearly to a relation of the purely thermodynamic type obtained by Pippard for lambda transitions generally. Relevant observations are analyzed in such terms for a number of representative cases, and comparisons made with the dependence of lambda temperatures on hydrostatic pressure and magnetic field. Correspondingly, for lambda transitions associated with a very rapid change of dielectric properties with temperature, the lambda temperature corresponds to a peak in the derivative of electric susceptibility with respect to temperature, and not to a maximum in the susceptibility itself.
{"title":"Pippard's relations applied to certain lambda transitions in dielectric and magnetic materials","authors":"P. Wright","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/013","url":null,"abstract":"When making thermodynamically based comparisons concerning behaviour in the vicinity of Curie points or Neel points, Pippard's relations are in principle more pertinent than Ehrenfest's. In a discussion supplementing the analyses of Sawatzky and Bloom (1962-64) and Skalyo, Cohen, Friedberg and Griffiths (1967), various magnetic Pippard's relations are considered, and it is re-emphasized that a relation derived by Fisher (1960-62) in statistical mechanical terms (that near an antiferromagnetic Neel point the rise in specific heat closely follows the temperature coefficient of the magnetic susceptibility) amounts very nearly to a relation of the purely thermodynamic type obtained by Pippard for lambda transitions generally. Relevant observations are analyzed in such terms for a number of representative cases, and comparisons made with the dependence of lambda temperatures on hydrostatic pressure and magnetic field. Correspondingly, for lambda transitions associated with a very rapid change of dielectric properties with temperature, the lambda temperature corresponds to a peak in the derivative of electric susceptibility with respect to temperature, and not to a maximum in the susceptibility itself.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"98 1","pages":"1206-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80935210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/018
D. K. Butt, A. Wilson
The decay of radon has been followed in effect over approximately 40 halflives in an effort to detect any deviation from the exponential decay law. The results were fitted to a decay of the form N=N0 exp(- lambda t(1+bt)) and b was calculated to be (1.9+or-1.0)*10-6 d-1+ the halflife was determined to be 3.82351+or-0.00034d.
{"title":"A study of the radioactive decay law","authors":"D. K. Butt, A. Wilson","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/5/8/018","url":null,"abstract":"The decay of radon has been followed in effect over approximately 40 halflives in an effort to detect any deviation from the exponential decay law. The results were fitted to a decay of the form N=N0 exp(- lambda t(1+bt)) and b was calculated to be (1.9+or-1.0)*10-6 d-1+ the halflife was determined to be 3.82351+or-0.00034d.","PeriodicalId":54612,"journal":{"name":"Physics-A Journal of General and Applied Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"1248-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75674239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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