Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2021.1907883
Amit Shoshta, B. S. Marh
ABSTRACT Pin valley is an ideal area for alluvial fans’ development. Being least disturbed and devoid of vegetation, fans of this area provide exquisite information and extraordinary opportunity to understand different factors that affect their morphology. Despite aforesaid advantages these fans are hitherto not studied. Thus, the present study is an attempt to understand the morphology of these fans and explore factors affecting fan morphology, primarily through morphometry. Data were derived from various satellite imageries, topographical sheets, DEM and field observations. Various parameters of 51 fans and of their basins were measured and relationships among different parameters were examined. The results of the study are generally comparable to literature though these fans are much steeper than their counterparts in similar environmental settings. Multi-proxy approach was used to explore controlling factors. Fan Conicality Index (FCI) and sweep angle of fan (SA ) suggest confinement imposed by surrounding environment has considerably reduced the size of these fans. Further, valley-floor width to height ratio (Vf ), feeder channel and geological group-wise analyses reveal that active tectonic attitude, order of feeder channel, lithology and characteristics of contributing basin along with associated depositional processes exercise significant control on morphology of these fans.
{"title":"Alluvial fans of Trans-Himalayan cold desert (Pin valley, India): quantitative morphology and controlling factors","authors":"Amit Shoshta, B. S. Marh","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2021.1907883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1907883","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pin valley is an ideal area for alluvial fans’ development. Being least disturbed and devoid of vegetation, fans of this area provide exquisite information and extraordinary opportunity to understand different factors that affect their morphology. Despite aforesaid advantages these fans are hitherto not studied. Thus, the present study is an attempt to understand the morphology of these fans and explore factors affecting fan morphology, primarily through morphometry. Data were derived from various satellite imageries, topographical sheets, DEM and field observations. Various parameters of 51 fans and of their basins were measured and relationships among different parameters were examined. The results of the study are generally comparable to literature though these fans are much steeper than their counterparts in similar environmental settings. Multi-proxy approach was used to explore controlling factors. Fan Conicality Index (FCI) and sweep angle of fan (SA ) suggest confinement imposed by surrounding environment has considerably reduced the size of these fans. Further, valley-floor width to height ratio (Vf ), feeder channel and geological group-wise analyses reveal that active tectonic attitude, order of feeder channel, lithology and characteristics of contributing basin along with associated depositional processes exercise significant control on morphology of these fans.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02723646.2021.1907883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43625190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2021.1899477
Altanbold Enkhbold, U. Khukhuudei, T. Kusky, B. Tsermaa, Dash Doljin
ABSTRACT Data on the origin and morphology of lake depressions in Mongolia are relatively poor. Bayan Lake in Zavkhan Province, Western Mongolia, has freshwater, supplied by groundwater emanating from a tectonic fault-oriented northeast to southwest, defining the southeastern side of the Bayan Lake. The depression of Bayan Lake has a tectonic origin, related with the fault which on its southern side, which is covered by sand dunes. The results of morphometric analysis, satellite mapping, geomagnetic anomaly assessment, and other relevant methods all support that the southern margin of the lake is defined by a large fault. The depression morphology of Bayan Lake shows that it was formed by subsidence accommodated by the fault along the southwestern side of the lake. Bayan Lake depression has the origin tectonic, but the recent barrier in the south is the dunefield on the bedrock.
{"title":"Depression morphology of Bayan Lake, Zavkhan province, Western Mongolia: implications for the origin of lake depression in Mongolia","authors":"Altanbold Enkhbold, U. Khukhuudei, T. Kusky, B. Tsermaa, Dash Doljin","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2021.1899477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1899477","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Data on the origin and morphology of lake depressions in Mongolia are relatively poor. Bayan Lake in Zavkhan Province, Western Mongolia, has freshwater, supplied by groundwater emanating from a tectonic fault-oriented northeast to southwest, defining the southeastern side of the Bayan Lake. The depression of Bayan Lake has a tectonic origin, related with the fault which on its southern side, which is covered by sand dunes. The results of morphometric analysis, satellite mapping, geomagnetic anomaly assessment, and other relevant methods all support that the southern margin of the lake is defined by a large fault. The depression morphology of Bayan Lake shows that it was formed by subsidence accommodated by the fault along the southwestern side of the lake. Bayan Lake depression has the origin tectonic, but the recent barrier in the south is the dunefield on the bedrock.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02723646.2021.1899477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49185146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2021.1899476
Karla Aurora De La Peña Guillen, M. Mendoza, J. L. Macías, Berenice Solís‐Castillo
ABSTRACT Landslides are one of the most common and destructive natural hazards in the world. The Sierra-Costa region in the southwestern part of the Michoacán state, Mexico, is prone to landslides because of its physiography, geology, and climate. In particular, the area is prone to shallow landslides in the weathered rock that is triggered by heavy rainfall. Here, we present a susceptibility model for this hazard that is based on an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). To assess landslide susceptibility, we designed maps of different parameters (lithology, distance to faults, slope gradient, slope aspect, geoforms, soil type, distance to rivers, and land cover). The landslide susceptibility map includes five classes: nullnull, low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility. About 5% of the area is categorized as having null landslide susceptibility class; 18% is low susceptibility, 28% moderate susceptibility, 29% high susceptibility, and 20% very high susceptibility. The very high susceptibility areas are dominantly underlain by limestone and weathered granite and are near faults. We evaluated the precision of the model using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method. The susceptibility model represents the first step in understanding the distribution of landslides in the Sierra-Costa region.
{"title":"Landslide susceptibility analysis based on a semiquantitative method in the sierra-costa region, michoacán, mexico","authors":"Karla Aurora De La Peña Guillen, M. Mendoza, J. L. Macías, Berenice Solís‐Castillo","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2021.1899476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1899476","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Landslides are one of the most common and destructive natural hazards in the world. The Sierra-Costa region in the southwestern part of the Michoacán state, Mexico, is prone to landslides because of its physiography, geology, and climate. In particular, the area is prone to shallow landslides in the weathered rock that is triggered by heavy rainfall. Here, we present a susceptibility model for this hazard that is based on an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). To assess landslide susceptibility, we designed maps of different parameters (lithology, distance to faults, slope gradient, slope aspect, geoforms, soil type, distance to rivers, and land cover). The landslide susceptibility map includes five classes: nullnull, low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility. About 5% of the area is categorized as having null landslide susceptibility class; 18% is low susceptibility, 28% moderate susceptibility, 29% high susceptibility, and 20% very high susceptibility. The very high susceptibility areas are dominantly underlain by limestone and weathered granite and are near faults. We evaluated the precision of the model using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method. The susceptibility model represents the first step in understanding the distribution of landslides in the Sierra-Costa region.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02723646.2021.1899476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48358470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-19DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2021.1893142
Raven J. Mitchell, F. Nelson, K. Nyland
ABSTRACT Nivation, the suite of weathering and transportation processes attributed to late-lying snowpatches, is linked to the formation of cryoplanation terraces (CTs). CTs resemble giant staircases arranged in repeating sequences of low-gradient treads and steep scarps that extend over hundreds of meters. The nivation hypothesis of CT development has been supported in recent literature examining weathering and erosion trends, but the mechanisms involved in transporting sediment across CT treads remain underinvestigated. Sorted stripes, a type of patterned ground encountered on CT treads, have been linked to efficient snow meltwater flow across low gradients, indicating that these features could be an important component of CT formation. In this study, we use short-term soil thermal and moisture records, particle-size analysis, and apparent thermal diffusivity calculations to examine periglacial processes operating on two incipient CTs. Initial results indicate that: (1) the coarse (boulder and cobble size) portions of sorted stripes function as subsurface channels for sediment transportation across gently sloping CT treads (generally < 12°) by flowing water; (2) hillslope hydrology is an important component of the erosion processes sculpting upland periglacial environments; and (3) late-lying snowbank environments are highly dynamic during warm weather, with large amounts of sediment transported over short periods.
{"title":"Preliminary observations of nivation processes, Cathedral Massif, Northwestern British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Raven J. Mitchell, F. Nelson, K. Nyland","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2021.1893142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1893142","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nivation, the suite of weathering and transportation processes attributed to late-lying snowpatches, is linked to the formation of cryoplanation terraces (CTs). CTs resemble giant staircases arranged in repeating sequences of low-gradient treads and steep scarps that extend over hundreds of meters. The nivation hypothesis of CT development has been supported in recent literature examining weathering and erosion trends, but the mechanisms involved in transporting sediment across CT treads remain underinvestigated. Sorted stripes, a type of patterned ground encountered on CT treads, have been linked to efficient snow meltwater flow across low gradients, indicating that these features could be an important component of CT formation. In this study, we use short-term soil thermal and moisture records, particle-size analysis, and apparent thermal diffusivity calculations to examine periglacial processes operating on two incipient CTs. Initial results indicate that: (1) the coarse (boulder and cobble size) portions of sorted stripes function as subsurface channels for sediment transportation across gently sloping CT treads (generally < 12°) by flowing water; (2) hillslope hydrology is an important component of the erosion processes sculpting upland periglacial environments; and (3) late-lying snowbank environments are highly dynamic during warm weather, with large amounts of sediment transported over short periods.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02723646.2021.1893142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49563690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-25DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2021.1890894
Rachel Lombardi, L. Davis, M. Therrell
ABSTRACT Heavy precipitation events increased over the last century in response to higher atmospheric temperature and associated increases in water vapor content, but little evidence shows that increased heavy precipitation changed flood trends. Short records, containing few extreme flood observations, limit statistical examination of relationships between global temperature, heavy precipitation, and extreme floods. We synthesized European and North American sediment-based paleoflood records extending through at least 900 CE. These records captured flood variability during the warmer Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and cooler Little Ice Age (LIA). Twelve paleoflood chronologies chosen for the analysis suggest an increase in flood frequency since 1000 CE. The largest magnitude floods mostly occurred between 1000 and 1300 CE after peak MCA temperature during a relatively drier overall climate regime. The association found between large magnitude floods during a drier climate may be explained by increased atmospheric water vapor capacity from warmer temperatures that intensified precipitation events. Despite limitations in the number of studies available, extreme flood observations reveal a pattern of large magnitude floods in the late MCA and frequent floods in the LIA. Therefore, temperature–precipitation relationships may influence flood variability, and flood magnitude will likely become more extreme as global temperatures rise.
{"title":"Flood variability in the common era: a synthesis of sedimentary records from Europe and North America","authors":"Rachel Lombardi, L. Davis, M. Therrell","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2021.1890894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1890894","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Heavy precipitation events increased over the last century in response to higher atmospheric temperature and associated increases in water vapor content, but little evidence shows that increased heavy precipitation changed flood trends. Short records, containing few extreme flood observations, limit statistical examination of relationships between global temperature, heavy precipitation, and extreme floods. We synthesized European and North American sediment-based paleoflood records extending through at least 900 CE. These records captured flood variability during the warmer Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and cooler Little Ice Age (LIA). Twelve paleoflood chronologies chosen for the analysis suggest an increase in flood frequency since 1000 CE. The largest magnitude floods mostly occurred between 1000 and 1300 CE after peak MCA temperature during a relatively drier overall climate regime. The association found between large magnitude floods during a drier climate may be explained by increased atmospheric water vapor capacity from warmer temperatures that intensified precipitation events. Despite limitations in the number of studies available, extreme flood observations reveal a pattern of large magnitude floods in the late MCA and frequent floods in the LIA. Therefore, temperature–precipitation relationships may influence flood variability, and flood magnitude will likely become more extreme as global temperatures rise.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02723646.2021.1890894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43658139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2021.1890879
A. J. Orme, D. Orme
Dr Antony Ronald Orme (28 May 1936–30 May 2020), was the founding editor of Physical Geography. With his broad range of research interests from coastal geomorphology to pluvial lakes, Tony was comm...
{"title":"Introduction to special issue of physical geography in recognition of Dr. Tony Orme","authors":"A. J. Orme, D. Orme","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2021.1890879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1890879","url":null,"abstract":"Dr Antony Ronald Orme (28 May 1936–30 May 2020), was the founding editor of Physical Geography. With his broad range of research interests from coastal geomorphology to pluvial lakes, Tony was comm...","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02723646.2021.1890879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48928969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-16DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2021.1883802
L. Resler, J. T. Fry, Scotland Leman, J. Jelesko
ABSTRACT Understanding species distributions remains central to research in ecology and biogeography. Emphasis is placed on the spatial presence/absence of plants as related to underlying environmental factors; however, distributions result from both abiotic factors and adaptations to the abiotic environment. We analyzed poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze), which has high intraspecies variability in the plant functional trait of growth habit, to assess implications of plant strategies for spatial distributions. Our objectives were to: 1) determine whether anthropogenic habitats are statistically overrepresented in poison ivy incidence and growth habits (shrub, climbing liana, crawling liana), and 2) model biophysical parameters that constitute preferred poison ivy habitat and the three growth habits. We collected poison ivy field data along a trail-transect with corresponding geospatially indexed parameters, subsequently analyzed using Bayesian spatial modeling. Model results revealed poison ivy preference for human-modified habitat; Developed and Planted/Cultivated land use categories showed the largest marginal posterior probabilities for crawling and climbing lianas. Increasing temperature and elevation preferentially benefit the climbing growth habit. Our results suggest that variability in functional traits may impact species geographic distributions by expanding niche breadth. Incorporation of functional traits may thus advance predictive niche models of species distributions.
{"title":"Assessing poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) presence and functional traits in relation to land cover and biophysical factors","authors":"L. Resler, J. T. Fry, Scotland Leman, J. Jelesko","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2021.1883802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1883802","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding species distributions remains central to research in ecology and biogeography. Emphasis is placed on the spatial presence/absence of plants as related to underlying environmental factors; however, distributions result from both abiotic factors and adaptations to the abiotic environment. We analyzed poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze), which has high intraspecies variability in the plant functional trait of growth habit, to assess implications of plant strategies for spatial distributions. Our objectives were to: 1) determine whether anthropogenic habitats are statistically overrepresented in poison ivy incidence and growth habits (shrub, climbing liana, crawling liana), and 2) model biophysical parameters that constitute preferred poison ivy habitat and the three growth habits. We collected poison ivy field data along a trail-transect with corresponding geospatially indexed parameters, subsequently analyzed using Bayesian spatial modeling. Model results revealed poison ivy preference for human-modified habitat; Developed and Planted/Cultivated land use categories showed the largest marginal posterior probabilities for crawling and climbing lianas. Increasing temperature and elevation preferentially benefit the climbing growth habit. Our results suggest that variability in functional traits may impact species geographic distributions by expanding niche breadth. Incorporation of functional traits may thus advance predictive niche models of species distributions.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02723646.2021.1883802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44988624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2021.1885788
Margarita E. McInnis, N. Pinter
ABSTRACT Uplifted coastal terraces are present on Santa Catalina Island, but so poorly preserved that researchers have debated for more than a century whether they even exist. Morphometric analyses of LIDAR-based topography on the California Channel Islands suggest that the poor expression of terraces on Catalina Island is due a combination of (1) geological conditions less conducive to terrace formation than on the other Channel Islands and (2) high landslide susceptibility around Catalina’s coastal margin that is erasing terrace morphology and deposits before they can reach the island's relatively un-dissected interior. Both of these factors seem to be related to the mechanical properties of the island’s predominant rock type, the Catalina Schist. Several of the other Channel Islands – such as Santa Barbara, San Clemente, Anacapa, and San Miguel Islands – have topography that is dominated by their terrace morphology, mostly by virtue of the small size of those islands. Of the large islands, Santa Rosa has the most extensive terraces, apparently driven by the prevalence of shallowly dipping sedimentary rock. Looking at terrace preservation generally, subhorizontal sedimentary units seem to represent an optimum between promoting the initial creation of wide terrace platforms and resistance to terrace erosion thereafter.
{"title":"Terrace formation and preservation: Santa Catalina Island and other California Channel Islands","authors":"Margarita E. McInnis, N. Pinter","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2021.1885788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1885788","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Uplifted coastal terraces are present on Santa Catalina Island, but so poorly preserved that researchers have debated for more than a century whether they even exist. Morphometric analyses of LIDAR-based topography on the California Channel Islands suggest that the poor expression of terraces on Catalina Island is due a combination of (1) geological conditions less conducive to terrace formation than on the other Channel Islands and (2) high landslide susceptibility around Catalina’s coastal margin that is erasing terrace morphology and deposits before they can reach the island's relatively un-dissected interior. Both of these factors seem to be related to the mechanical properties of the island’s predominant rock type, the Catalina Schist. Several of the other Channel Islands – such as Santa Barbara, San Clemente, Anacapa, and San Miguel Islands – have topography that is dominated by their terrace morphology, mostly by virtue of the small size of those islands. Of the large islands, Santa Rosa has the most extensive terraces, apparently driven by the prevalence of shallowly dipping sedimentary rock. Looking at terrace preservation generally, subhorizontal sedimentary units seem to represent an optimum between promoting the initial creation of wide terrace platforms and resistance to terrace erosion thereafter.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02723646.2021.1885788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43595875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-11DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2021.1882074
P. Netopil, B. Šarapatka, Dawit Ayalew, Kateřina Drncová
ABSTRACT Evaluating erosion processes and their influence on soil degradation over extensive agricultural landscape is difficult. Because of the need for analysis and mapping of this problem, we elaborated a procedure applicable to a specific, intensively farmed, erosion-threatened chernozem area of CZ or similar regions. The aim of the research was to verify the possibility of digital aerial image analysis, along with a control study of soil sampling. To define and compare the boundaries and extent of erosion and deposition processes, we used images from two different years, showing changes in soil degradation. Orthorectification and unsupervised image classification were followed by interpretation and statistical evaluation. The results, locating erosional, transitional and depositional areas, were verified in laboratory analysis of soil samples for selected soil characteristics. Comparison of aerial images showed changes in the agricultural landscape over 35 years, showing an increase of ca. 60% in erosional areas. Extensive changes also occurred in transitional and depositional areas as material from the subsoil horizon of erosional areas covered some depositional areas. Importantly, our research confirmed the potential of digital aerial image analysis as a method of studying soil erosion over extensive landscape, and the possibility of using it in planning anti-erosion measures. GA
{"title":"Multi-temporal analysis of erosional plots using aerial images and deep soil probes","authors":"P. Netopil, B. Šarapatka, Dawit Ayalew, Kateřina Drncová","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2021.1882074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1882074","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Evaluating erosion processes and their influence on soil degradation over extensive agricultural landscape is difficult. Because of the need for analysis and mapping of this problem, we elaborated a procedure applicable to a specific, intensively farmed, erosion-threatened chernozem area of CZ or similar regions. The aim of the research was to verify the possibility of digital aerial image analysis, along with a control study of soil sampling. To define and compare the boundaries and extent of erosion and deposition processes, we used images from two different years, showing changes in soil degradation. Orthorectification and unsupervised image classification were followed by interpretation and statistical evaluation. The results, locating erosional, transitional and depositional areas, were verified in laboratory analysis of soil samples for selected soil characteristics. Comparison of aerial images showed changes in the agricultural landscape over 35 years, showing an increase of ca. 60% in erosional areas. Extensive changes also occurred in transitional and depositional areas as material from the subsoil horizon of erosional areas covered some depositional areas. Importantly, our research confirmed the potential of digital aerial image analysis as a method of studying soil erosion over extensive landscape, and the possibility of using it in planning anti-erosion measures. GA","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02723646.2021.1882074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59369983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-21DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2021.1875583
J. Winchester, R. Mahmood, W. Rodgers, P. Silva, N. Lovanh, J. Durkee, John H. Loughrin
ABSTRACT In the Southeastern U. S. there are Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) that emit a variety of gases, including SO2. Sulfur is emitted as reduced sulfur compounds and can react in the atmosphere to produce SO2. It is expected that the concentration and spread of SO2 emissions from these sources would differ between wet and dry periods. In this research, SO2 emissions from locations representing CAFOs and its dispersion over the southeastern U.S. were simulated through sensitivity experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF- Chem) model. Simulations were performed for dry periods and precipitation events that occurred over western Kentucky between July 7 and 13 July 2012. The study found that spatial coverage of SO2 dispersion originating from these locations was reduced during precipitation events and expanded during dry periods. The average concentration of SO2 over the study area was also higher during the breaks between precipitation events than during precipitation. The highest concentrations of SO2 exceeding 1,000 pptv remained within close range of the emission locations for the majority of the simulations, except for when local surface wind speeds were high. Most emissions from the locations remained limited to the surface and lower levels of the atmosphere (850 mb).
{"title":"A model-based exploratory study of sulfur dioxide dispersions from concentrated animal feeding operations in the Southeastern United States","authors":"J. Winchester, R. Mahmood, W. Rodgers, P. Silva, N. Lovanh, J. Durkee, John H. Loughrin","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2021.1875583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1875583","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the Southeastern U. S. there are Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) that emit a variety of gases, including SO2. Sulfur is emitted as reduced sulfur compounds and can react in the atmosphere to produce SO2. It is expected that the concentration and spread of SO2 emissions from these sources would differ between wet and dry periods. In this research, SO2 emissions from locations representing CAFOs and its dispersion over the southeastern U.S. were simulated through sensitivity experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF- Chem) model. Simulations were performed for dry periods and precipitation events that occurred over western Kentucky between July 7 and 13 July 2012. The study found that spatial coverage of SO2 dispersion originating from these locations was reduced during precipitation events and expanded during dry periods. The average concentration of SO2 over the study area was also higher during the breaks between precipitation events than during precipitation. The highest concentrations of SO2 exceeding 1,000 pptv remained within close range of the emission locations for the majority of the simulations, except for when local surface wind speeds were high. Most emissions from the locations remained limited to the surface and lower levels of the atmosphere (850 mb).","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02723646.2021.1875583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45762505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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