Susana Hernandez Brito, Karam Mahmoud, Karl Truderung, E. El-Salakawy
Integrity ties are necessary in hollow-core slab floors as connections to prevent floor displacements under lateral loads and maintain the overall structural integrity of buildings. In Eastern Canada, the integrity tie for hollow-core slabs on masonry walls usually consists of a 10M (no. 3), L-shaped steel bar that is hammered into the supporting wall and grouted to the slabs. However, current North American design codes do not offer sufficient provisions to determine the capacity or predict the mode of failure of these ties and connections. This paper introduces the results of testing nine full-scale reinforcing bar connection assemblies under monotonic in-plane forces (compression, tension, and shear) until failure. Test parameters in this study included direction and orientation of the in-plane loading, the bearing type of the hollow-core slabs, and the use of adhesive. Test results showed that connections with dry-fit bars tested under compression failed by bar yielding followed by masonry beam crushing. In addition, the mode of failure under tension forces was governed by the loss of bearing of the slabs due to bar pullout and cover spalling. Under shear forces, the connection failed by bar yielding. Finally, the connections with adhesive had a similar mode of failure compared to their counterparts with dry-fit bars, but these did not show bar pullout from the masonry beam, therefore demonstrating higher stiffness.
{"title":"Behavior of reinforcing bar connections of hollow-core slabs to masonry walls under in-plane forces","authors":"Susana Hernandez Brito, Karam Mahmoud, Karl Truderung, E. El-Salakawy","doi":"10.15554/pcij67.6-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij67.6-03","url":null,"abstract":"Integrity ties are necessary in hollow-core slab floors as connections to prevent floor displacements under lateral loads and maintain the overall structural integrity of buildings. In Eastern Canada, the integrity tie for hollow-core slabs on masonry walls usually consists of a 10M (no. 3), L-shaped steel bar that is hammered into the supporting wall and grouted to the slabs. However, current North American design codes do not offer sufficient provisions to determine the capacity or predict the mode of failure of these ties and connections. This paper introduces the results of testing nine full-scale reinforcing bar connection assemblies under monotonic in-plane forces (compression, tension, and shear) until failure. Test parameters in this study included direction and orientation of the in-plane loading, the bearing type of the hollow-core slabs, and the use of adhesive. Test results showed that connections with dry-fit bars tested under compression failed by bar yielding followed by masonry beam crushing. In addition, the mode of failure under tension forces was governed by the loss of bearing of the slabs due to bar pullout and cover spalling. Under shear forces, the connection failed by bar yielding. Finally, the connections with adhesive had a similar mode of failure compared to their counterparts with dry-fit bars, but these did not show bar pullout from the masonry beam, therefore demonstrating higher stiffness.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67574855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is the first installment in a new Research Corner series highlighting the past and present activities of PCI’s Research and Development Council. The focus of the R&D Council is to target research that contributes to the development of precast concrete for the benefit of PCI’s membership.
{"title":"Research for All","authors":"A. Osborn, J. Brewe","doi":"10.15554/pcij67.6-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij67.6-04","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first installment in a new Research Corner series highlighting the past and present activities of PCI’s Research and Development Council. The focus of the R&D Council is to target research that contributes to the development of precast concrete for the benefit of PCI’s membership.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67574926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabella Zapata, J. Corven, Seung Jae Lee, D. Garber
This paper presents the results of analytical studies on the connection between piles and pile caps or footings. Two nonlinear finite element analysis software packages were used to investigate the behavior of the connection itself and the impact of connection assumptions on the overall behavior of different sensitive structures such as simple spans with uneven span lengths, segmental box girders with fixed pier tables, and straddle bents with temperature loading. Results show that the behavior of the connection is affected by variables such as pile size, pile embedment length, pile cap concrete strength, interface reinforcement, and distance between the edge of the pile and the edge of the pile cap. The study also demonstrated that significant moment can develop even with shallow pile embedment lengths. The assumed level of fixity between the pile and pile cap was found to significantly influence the behavior of some of the bridges investigated in this study.
{"title":"Impact of pile-to-cap fixity on the design and behavior of sensitive structures","authors":"Isabella Zapata, J. Corven, Seung Jae Lee, D. Garber","doi":"10.15554/pcij67.1-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij67.1-01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of analytical studies on the connection between piles and pile caps or footings. Two nonlinear finite element analysis software packages were used to investigate the behavior of the connection itself and the impact of connection assumptions on the overall behavior of different sensitive structures such as simple spans with uneven span lengths, segmental box girders with fixed pier tables, and straddle bents with temperature loading. Results show that the behavior of the connection is affected by variables such as pile size, pile embedment length, pile cap concrete strength, interface reinforcement, and distance between the edge of the pile and the edge of the pile cap. The study also demonstrated that significant moment can develop even with shallow pile embedment lengths. The assumed level of fixity between the pile and pile cap was found to significantly influence the behavior of some of the bridges investigated in this study.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67574694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Almohammedi, Canh N. Dang, C. Murray, W. Hale
The current camber prediction procedure in the PCI Design Handbook: Precast and Prestressed Concrete results in variations between the design and the actual camber. These variations create difficulties in maintaining the design thickness of the bridge deck and the design longitudinal profile. This research aims at enhancing the PCI design method of estimating long-term camber and deflection of prestressed concrete girders. Field measurements included monitoring cambers for a total of 94 girders from fabrication through the erection at bridge sites. Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were measured for several girders, and the results were compared with the design properties. The differences between the design and actual concrete properties were found to be the main reason for overestimation in camber and deflection. A modification to the PCI camber prediction method is proposed to improve the accuracy of predicting the erection camber based on field measurements and material tests on four types of bridge girders.
{"title":"Enhanced camber and deflection estimation for AASHTO prestressed concrete girders","authors":"Ahmed Almohammedi, Canh N. Dang, C. Murray, W. Hale","doi":"10.15554/pcij67.6-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij67.6-01","url":null,"abstract":"The current camber prediction procedure in the PCI Design Handbook: Precast and Prestressed Concrete results in variations between the design and the actual camber. These variations create difficulties in maintaining the design thickness of the bridge deck and the design longitudinal profile. This research aims at enhancing the PCI design method of estimating long-term camber and deflection of prestressed concrete girders. Field measurements included monitoring cambers for a total of 94 girders from fabrication through the erection at bridge sites. Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were measured for several girders, and the results were compared with the design properties. The differences between the design and actual concrete properties were found to be the main reason for overestimation in camber and deflection. A modification to the PCI camber prediction method is proposed to improve the accuracy of predicting the erection camber based on field measurements and material tests on four types of bridge girders.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67575257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical and bond properties of Grade 2205 duplex high-strength stainless steel strand","authors":"Anwer Al-Kaimakchi, M. Rambo-Roddenberry","doi":"10.15554/PCIJ66.4-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/PCIJ66.4-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41643721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors affecting web-shear capacity of hollow-core slabs with filled cores ","authors":"Scott A. Asperheim, Benjamin Z. Dymond","doi":"10.15554/PCIJ66.4-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/PCIJ66.4-02","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42728655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles E. Van Kampen, Barry N. McKinley, Dan J. Ritzert
{"title":"Building information modeling project coordination: The all-in approach","authors":"Charles E. Van Kampen, Barry N. McKinley, Dan J. Ritzert","doi":"10.15554/pcij66.1-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij66.1-03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67573952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of hollow-core wall panels on the cyclic behavior of different types of steel framing systems","authors":"Parsa Monfaredi, M. Nazarpour, A. Moghadam","doi":"10.15554/pcij66.5-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij66.5-02","url":null,"abstract":"of building codes, seismic","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67574390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This online appendix provides an extensive catalog of geometric properties for the girder sections considered in the study "Saint-Venant Torsion Constant of Modern Precast Concrete Bridge Girders” in PCI Journal 66 (3): 23-31, https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij66.3-01. This appendix is online only.
{"title":"Appendix: Section Properties of Standard Precast Concrete Girders","authors":"R. Brice, Richard D. Pickings","doi":"10.15554/pcij66.3-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij66.3-04","url":null,"abstract":"This online appendix provides an extensive catalog of geometric properties for the girder sections considered in the study \"Saint-Venant Torsion Constant of Modern Precast Concrete Bridge Girders” in PCI Journal 66 (3): 23-31, https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij66.3-01. This appendix is online only.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67574533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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