Xuefeng Liu, Jun Zhao, Gangzhu Sun, Guosen Zhou, Xiaodong Han
This paper presents an example of an integrated con¬struction system that uses building information model¬ing (BIM), the internet of things (IoT), and geographic information system (GIS) technology to improve supply chain logistics management in construction projects, thereby increasing project efficiencies and controlling construction costs. The authors developed and tested a digital twin platform for the proposed system, which allows real-time simulation of logistics in modular con-struction. The proposed digital twin platform uses BIM and GIS as its foundation because BIM includes infor¬mation on the plans, detailed geometry, properties, and quantities of modules, whereas GIS provides geospatial data for the modules along with vehicular information during transport. This system with integrated BIM, IoT, and GIS modules was applied in a new manufacturing company within its first five years. The results show that potential logistical risks and accurate module arrival time can be detected via the suggested digital twin platform. The integrated system proved to be effective in product delivery management tasks.
{"title":"Supply chain management for modular construction using building information modeling","authors":"Xuefeng Liu, Jun Zhao, Gangzhu Sun, Guosen Zhou, Xiaodong Han","doi":"10.15554/pcij68.5-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij68.5-02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an example of an integrated con¬struction system that uses building information model¬ing (BIM), the internet of things (IoT), and geographic information system (GIS) technology to improve supply chain logistics management in construction projects, thereby increasing project efficiencies and controlling construction costs. The authors developed and tested a digital twin platform for the proposed system, which allows real-time simulation of logistics in modular con-struction. The proposed digital twin platform uses BIM and GIS as its foundation because BIM includes infor¬mation on the plans, detailed geometry, properties, and quantities of modules, whereas GIS provides geospatial data for the modules along with vehicular information during transport. This system with integrated BIM, IoT, and GIS modules was applied in a new manufacturing company within its first five years. The results show that potential logistical risks and accurate module arrival time can be detected via the suggested digital twin platform. The integrated system proved to be effective in product delivery management tasks.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48263182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Research Corner presents an overview of the work that led up to the recently completed PCI specially funded research on ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC).
本研究角介绍了导致最近完成的PCI特别资助的超高性能混凝土(UHPC)研究的工作概述。
{"title":"Ultra-high-performance concrete research at PCI","authors":"Gregory Force, J. Lawler","doi":"10.15554/pcij68.5-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij68.5-04","url":null,"abstract":"This Research Corner presents an overview of the work that led up to the recently completed PCI specially funded research on ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC).","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42344689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Barbachyn, Anne O’Donnell, A. P. Thrall, Y. Kurama
This paper experimentally investigates the axial load behavior of square reinforced concrete columns confined using dual-phase high-strength (100 ksi [690 MPa] yield strength) steel coiled strips. Two phases of testing were conducted on reduced-scale specimens (8 × 8 in. and 10 × 10 in. [203 × 203 mm and 254 × 254 mm]). Varied parameters include con¬finement type (strip versus reinforcing bar), confine¬ment reinforcement ratio, confinement layout (hoops and ties, single spiral, two spirals), and strip anchor¬age. Although the reinforcing-bar-confined columns demonstrated better postpeak residual strength and ductility, important findings include the following: strip-confined columns had peak strengths exceeding the nominal axial strength predicted by code, strip-con¬fined columns were able to achieve similar normalized peak strengths and prepeak stiffness as columns with reinforcing bar hoop confinement, two strip spirals are necessary to achieve the desired postpeak residual strength and ductility for an eight-bar layout, and strip spirals and hoops may provide better restraint against buckling of corner bars compared with reinforcing bar hoops.
{"title":"Axial load behavior of reinforced concrete columns with high-strength steel coiled strips as confinement","authors":"S. Barbachyn, Anne O’Donnell, A. P. Thrall, Y. Kurama","doi":"10.15554/pcij68.5-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij68.5-01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper experimentally investigates the axial load behavior of square reinforced concrete columns confined using dual-phase high-strength (100 ksi [690 MPa] yield strength) steel coiled strips. Two phases of testing were conducted on reduced-scale specimens (8 × 8 in. and 10 × 10 in. [203 × 203 mm and 254 × 254 mm]). Varied parameters include con¬finement type (strip versus reinforcing bar), confine¬ment reinforcement ratio, confinement layout (hoops and ties, single spiral, two spirals), and strip anchor¬age. Although the reinforcing-bar-confined columns demonstrated better postpeak residual strength and ductility, important findings include the following: strip-confined columns had peak strengths exceeding the nominal axial strength predicted by code, strip-con¬fined columns were able to achieve similar normalized peak strengths and prepeak stiffness as columns with reinforcing bar hoop confinement, two strip spirals are necessary to achieve the desired postpeak residual strength and ductility for an eight-bar layout, and strip spirals and hoops may provide better restraint against buckling of corner bars compared with reinforcing bar hoops.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46788859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The disposal of lake sediment is a major problem in dredging and lakeside construction projects. Due to its poor mechanical properties and contamination, sediment is difficult to use directly in resource appli¬cations. Previous research has found that alkali-acti¬vated reactions can improve the mechanical properties of silicon- and aluminum–rich solid waste. In this study, the basic physical and mechanical properties of dried sediment from a lake in Wuhan, China, were analyzed. Orthogonal tests, compressive strength measurements, and X-ray diffraction spectrum and scanning electron microscope analyses were used to investigate the solidification effects of three types of alkaline materials used alone or in combination with the lake sediment: straw ash, calcium lime, and sodium silicate. In the single-doped samples, calcium lime had the best curing effect, with a maximum seven-day compressive strength of 1.31 MPa (190 psi). When the compound-doped samples were cured to seven days, the maximum compressive strength was 7.18 MPa (1040 psi). Furthermore, with the compound-doped materials, sediment solidification was aided by suitably alkaline conditions and large quantities of active sili¬con-calcium components. As a result, the microstruc¬tures of the cured compound-doped samples were more compact and their overall mechanical properties were greatly improved.
{"title":"Experimental study on the use of compound alkaline materials to solidify lake sediments","authors":"H. D. Yu, K. Zhang, H. F. Lu, Q. Z. Zhang","doi":"10.15554/pcij68.5-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij68.5-03","url":null,"abstract":"The disposal of lake sediment is a major problem in dredging and lakeside construction projects. Due to its poor mechanical properties and contamination, sediment is difficult to use directly in resource appli¬cations. Previous research has found that alkali-acti¬vated reactions can improve the mechanical properties of silicon- and aluminum–rich solid waste. In this study, the basic physical and mechanical properties of dried sediment from a lake in Wuhan, China, were analyzed. Orthogonal tests, compressive strength measurements, and X-ray diffraction spectrum and scanning electron microscope analyses were used to investigate the solidification effects of three types of alkaline materials used alone or in combination with the lake sediment: straw ash, calcium lime, and sodium silicate. In the single-doped samples, calcium lime had the best curing effect, with a maximum seven-day compressive strength of 1.31 MPa (190 psi). When the compound-doped samples were cured to seven days, the maximum compressive strength was 7.18 MPa (1040 psi). Furthermore, with the compound-doped materials, sediment solidification was aided by suitably alkaline conditions and large quantities of active sili¬con-calcium components. As a result, the microstruc¬tures of the cured compound-doped samples were more compact and their overall mechanical properties were greatly improved.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43159184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Haroon, Eric P. Steinberg, Richard Miller, B. Shahrooz, Waleed K. Hamid
Deck bulb-tee girders constitute an excellent precast concrete bridge element system for medium- to longspan bridges. The precast concrete girders are transported to the jobsite, where they are placed adjacent to each other. The girders are connected using field-cast longitudinal joints. When required, a continuity diaphragm over the pier is used to create moment continuity; however, there is a risk of cracking of the field-cast joints and construction can be difficult when adjacent girders have different camber profiles. Given these challenges, adoption of the deck bulb-tee girder systems has been limited. Analytical investigation performed in part 1 of this series of papers indicated that using ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) can improve the performance of the field-cast joints and help overcome construction difficulties. This paper describes full-scale experimental testing performed as a follow-up to the analytical investigation. Longitudinal joints grouted with UHPC were tested under a combination of thermal and live load. A continuity diaphragm with partial UHPC was also tested under positive and negative moments over the pier.
{"title":"Investigating UHPC in deck bulb-tee girder connections, part 2: Full-scale experimental testing","authors":"A. Haroon, Eric P. Steinberg, Richard Miller, B. Shahrooz, Waleed K. Hamid","doi":"10.15554/pcij68.4-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij68.4-01","url":null,"abstract":"Deck bulb-tee girders constitute an excellent precast concrete bridge element system for medium- to longspan bridges. The precast concrete girders are transported to the jobsite, where they are placed adjacent to each other. The girders are connected using field-cast longitudinal joints. When required, a continuity diaphragm over the pier is used to create moment continuity; however, there is a risk of cracking of the field-cast joints and construction can be difficult when adjacent girders have different camber profiles. Given these challenges, adoption of the deck bulb-tee girder systems has been limited. Analytical investigation performed in part 1 of this series of papers indicated that using ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) can improve the performance of the field-cast joints and help overcome construction difficulties. This paper describes full-scale experimental testing performed as a follow-up to the analytical investigation. Longitudinal joints grouted with UHPC were tested under a combination of thermal and live load. A continuity diaphragm with partial UHPC was also tested under positive and negative moments over the pier.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46828766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Research Corner focuses on PCI’s numerous research and development projects in support of precast concrete insulated wall panels, sometimes called sandwich panels. Projects dealing with composite structural behavior, thermal performance, and resistance to blast loads are discussed.
{"title":"PCI-funded research on insulated wall panels shows their strength","authors":"A. Osborn","doi":"10.15554/pcij68.4-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij68.4-04","url":null,"abstract":"This Research Corner focuses on PCI’s numerous research and development projects in support of precast concrete insulated wall panels, sometimes called sandwich panels. Projects dealing with composite structural behavior, thermal performance, and resistance to blast loads are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67576474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Harries, B. Shahrooz, P. Ball, Tianqiao Liu, Venkata S.S.P. Sathiraju, A. Alabdulkarim, Richard A. Miller, R. Castrodale
It has been proposed that 0.7 in. (17.8 mm) diameter prestressing strand be permitted for use in bridge girders. If 0.6 in. (15.2 mm) diameter strand is replaced on a one-to-one basis with 0.7 in. strand, the pretensioning force can be increased by 35%. When designs use 0.7 in. strands as well as high concrete strengths, longer-span prestressed concrete girders may be achieved. An extensive analytical study is presented to assess the maximum girder span lengths that can be achieved when using 0.6 and 0.7 in. strands. A parametric design study with 584 cases was conducted to examine the influence of girder shape and size on the potential benefits of using 0.7 in. strands. A detailed finite element analysis of some of the longer spans achieved was also conducted. The impacts of using 0.7 in. strands on end-region detailing requirements, prestress transfer, and handling and erection stability of long-span girders were examined. Girder span increases of up to 22% were achieved using 0.7 in. strand in place of 0.6 in. strand. The larger pretension forces affected end-region detailing and increased congestion, though all resulting requirements were constructible. The longer spans affected girder stability calculations, and some girder types required a wider top flange to meet stability-related limit states.
{"title":"An analytical study of precast, prestressed concrete girder spans using 0.7 in. strand","authors":"K. Harries, B. Shahrooz, P. Ball, Tianqiao Liu, Venkata S.S.P. Sathiraju, A. Alabdulkarim, Richard A. Miller, R. Castrodale","doi":"10.15554/pcij68.4-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij68.4-02","url":null,"abstract":"It has been proposed that 0.7 in. (17.8 mm) diameter prestressing strand be permitted for use in bridge girders. If 0.6 in. (15.2 mm) diameter strand is replaced on a one-to-one basis with 0.7 in. strand, the pretensioning force can be increased by 35%. When designs use 0.7 in. strands as well as high concrete strengths, longer-span prestressed concrete girders may be achieved. An extensive analytical study is presented to assess the maximum girder span lengths that can be achieved when using 0.6 and 0.7 in. strands. A parametric design study with 584 cases was conducted to examine the influence of girder shape and size on the potential benefits of using 0.7 in. strands. A detailed finite element analysis of some of the longer spans achieved was also conducted. The impacts of using 0.7 in. strands on end-region detailing requirements, prestress transfer, and handling and erection stability of long-span girders were examined. Girder span increases of up to 22% were achieved using 0.7 in. strand in place of 0.6 in. strand. The larger pretension forces affected end-region detailing and increased congestion, though all resulting requirements were constructible. The longer spans affected girder stability calculations, and some girder types required a wider top flange to meet stability-related limit states.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47588774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Taylor, Brennan Bean, M. Maguire, Salam Al-Rubaye, Maryam A. Al-Bayati
This paper outlines a new simplified method for predicting the degree of composite action (percent composite) and thus the elastic moment of inertia and the elastic section modulus for precast concrete insulated wall panels. This simplified approach was developed by using 1 million simulations from the iterative sandwich beam theory method. The overall bias (average ratio) of the linear approximation on the simulated test dataset is 1.0 for both cracking and deflection, and the overall coefficient of variation (COV) is 0.04 for cracking and 0.03 for deflection. When compared with data from previously published experiments, the new method has a bias of 1.02 and COV of 0.32 in cases where the experiment conforms to the assumptions of the new method. By comparison, the reported biases of other available methods, which are more complicated to use, range from 0.97 to 1.06, and the COVs of other available methods range from 0.16 to 0.32. Thus, the level accuracy of the new method to predict the percent composite is similar to the levels of accuracy of the more complicated approaches.
{"title":"Simplified Models for Composite Elastic Behavior of Precast Concrete Insulated Wall Panels","authors":"R. Taylor, Brennan Bean, M. Maguire, Salam Al-Rubaye, Maryam A. Al-Bayati","doi":"10.15554/pcij68.4-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij68.4-03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines a new simplified method for predicting the degree of composite action (percent composite) and thus the elastic moment of inertia and the elastic section modulus for precast concrete insulated wall panels. This simplified approach was developed by using 1 million simulations from the iterative sandwich beam theory method. The overall bias (average ratio) of the linear approximation on the simulated test dataset is 1.0 for both cracking and deflection, and the overall coefficient of variation (COV) is 0.04 for cracking and 0.03 for deflection. When compared with data from previously published experiments, the new method has a bias of 1.02 and COV of 0.32 in cases where the experiment conforms to the assumptions of the new method. By comparison, the reported biases of other available methods, which are more complicated to use, range from 0.97 to 1.06, and the COVs of other available methods range from 0.16 to 0.32. Thus, the level accuracy of the new method to predict the percent composite is similar to the levels of accuracy of the more complicated approaches.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48246303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ju, Meirzhan Yershanov, Deuckhang Lee, Hyeongyeop Shin, Thomas H.-K. Hang
This paper proposes modifications to the methods for shear design of prestressed concrete one-way members specified in American Concrete Institute’s Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19) to increase applicability. The current ACI 318 shear design methods have been widely used and have a history of demonstrated safety and reliability. However, there are long-standing concerns regarding the cumbersome computational procedures specified in ACI 318, as well as the inability of the ACI 318 shear design methods to capture key influential factors. This paper provides a brief history of changes made over several decades within ACI 318 for prestressed concrete shear design and critical issues raised in previous studies. While maintaining the philosophy and safety priorities of the original pioneers in the development of shear design for prestressed concrete members, the proposed changes simplify the calculation process and provide analytical accuracies comparable to the current ACI 318 methods. These changes are affirmed by comparing the results of the modified methods with data from an extensive shear database of prestressed concrete component designs that vary in dimensional detail and material properties and shear strengths estimated using current ACI 318 methods.
{"title":"Modifications to ACI 318 shear design method for prestressed concrete members: Detailed method","authors":"H. Ju, Meirzhan Yershanov, Deuckhang Lee, Hyeongyeop Shin, Thomas H.-K. Hang","doi":"10.15554/pcij68.1-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij68.1-01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes modifications to the methods for shear design of prestressed concrete one-way members specified in American Concrete Institute’s Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19) to increase applicability. The current ACI 318 shear design methods have been widely used and have a history of demonstrated safety and reliability. However, there are long-standing concerns regarding the cumbersome computational procedures specified in ACI 318, as well as the inability of the ACI 318 shear design methods to capture key influential factors. This paper provides a brief history of changes made over several decades within ACI 318 for prestressed concrete shear design and critical issues raised in previous studies. While maintaining the philosophy and safety priorities of the original pioneers in the development of shear design for prestressed concrete members, the proposed changes simplify the calculation process and provide analytical accuracies comparable to the current ACI 318 methods. These changes are affirmed by comparing the results of the modified methods with data from an extensive shear database of prestressed concrete component designs that vary in dimensional detail and material properties and shear strengths estimated using current ACI 318 methods.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67574940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Myers, D. Gremel, Chad Van Kampen, Alvin C. Ericson
The American Concrete Institute has published ACI 440.11-22, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars—Code and Commentary. This new code was developed by an American National Standards Institute–approved consensus process and addresses structural systems, members, and connections, including cast-in-place, precast, nonprestressed, and composite concrete construction. ACI 440.11-22 is the first comprehensive building code covering the use of nonmetallic, GFRP reinforcing bars in structural concrete applications. This article provides background on this new code and discusses potential uses for precast concrete components and structures.
{"title":"The new ACI code for the design of GFRP reinforced concrete","authors":"J. Myers, D. Gremel, Chad Van Kampen, Alvin C. Ericson","doi":"10.15554/pcij68.2-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij68.2-05","url":null,"abstract":"The American Concrete Institute has published ACI 440.11-22, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars—Code and Commentary. This new code was developed by an American National Standards Institute–approved consensus process and addresses structural systems, members, and connections, including cast-in-place, precast, nonprestressed, and composite concrete construction. ACI 440.11-22 is the first comprehensive building code covering the use of nonmetallic, GFRP reinforcing bars in structural concrete applications. This article provides background on this new code and discusses potential uses for precast concrete components and structures.","PeriodicalId":54637,"journal":{"name":"PCI Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67575444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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