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Headed-stud connections Headed-stud连接
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15554/pcij68.1-05
D. Meinheit, A. Osborn
This column discusses a PCI research and development project that pertains to the precast concrete workhorse: the headed-stud connection.
本专栏讨论了一项PCI研究和开发项目,该项目与预制混凝土主力:头钉连接有关。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of repair techniques for deteriorated end regions of prestressed concrete bridge girders 预应力混凝土桥梁端部劣化修复技术研究
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15554/pcij68.2-02
William B. Rich, Christopher S. Williams, R. Frosch
Deterioration of the end regions of prestressed concrete bridge girders is commonly observed in the field when girders are exposed to chloride-laden water that has leaked through failed expansion joints. Because the deterioration is often localized to the end regions of the girders, reliable repair techniques can provide a means to extend girder service life, avoiding the need for immediate superstructure replacement. To evaluate different repair methods and identify key design considerations for end region repair, shear tests to failure were conducted on prestressed concrete girders extracted from a decommissioned superstructure. Three repair systems were evaluated: an externally bonded fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) system, a near-surface-mounted FRP system, and a concrete end block. Only the externally bonded FRP system successfully restored both the strength and initial stiffness of the girder. Although the other two methods were not successful, the tests on the repaired girders highlight important factors that must be considered when designing repairs or conducting further research. The tests also demonstrate that end region deterioration can cause significant (> 40%) reductions in strength, underscoring the importance of addressing such deterioration observed in the field.
预应力混凝土桥梁梁端部的劣化是现场普遍观察到的,当梁暴露于通过失效伸缩缝泄漏的含氯水时。由于退化通常局限于梁的末端区域,可靠的修复技术可以提供延长梁使用寿命的手段,避免立即更换上部结构。为了评估不同的修复方法并确定端区修复的关键设计考虑因素,对从退役上层建筑中提取的预应力混凝土梁进行了破坏剪切试验。评估了三种修复系统:外部粘合纤维增强聚合物(FRP)系统,近表面安装FRP系统和混凝土端块。只有外部粘结FRP系统成功地恢复了梁的强度和初始刚度。虽然其他两种方法都不成功,但对修复梁的试验突出了在设计修复或进行进一步研究时必须考虑的重要因素。测试还表明,端区劣化会导致强度显著降低(约40%),强调了解决现场观察到的劣化问题的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Seismic performance of a ductile rod exterior connection system for precast concrete industrial buildings 预制混凝土工业建筑延性杆外连接系统的抗震性能
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15554/pcij68.1-03
D. Jung, T. Kang, D. J. Lee, Sanghee Kim, J. LaFave
The seismic performance of a ductile rod system for exterior precast concrete beam-to-column connections was experimentally evaluated. Five full-scale precast concrete beam-to-column subassemblies connected with ductile rods were fabricated, considering various aspects (ductile rod size, prestressing, and flexural/shear capacities). Lateral cyclic loading tests were conducted for the precast concrete connections along with two monolithic reinforced concrete connections. Despite their relatively lower lateral stiffness, most precast concrete connections showed sufficient moment capacities with peak moments at approximately 3% to 4% interstory drifts. The prestressing tendons were effective at enhancing moment and shear strengths of the precast concrete connections, as well as in reducing slip of the ductile rods. The precast concrete specimens generally showed satisfactory seismic performance, fulfilling acceptance criteria specified by the American Concrete Institute. The test results demonstrated that careful considerations are required in the design of ductile rods and high-strength threaded bars to induce stable flexural responses of the precast concrete connections.
试验评估了外预制混凝土梁柱连接延性杆体系的抗震性能。考虑到各个方面(延性杆尺寸、预应力和弯曲/剪切能力),制作了五个与延性杆连接的全尺寸预制混凝土梁柱组件。对预制混凝土节点和两个整体钢筋混凝土节点进行了横向循环加载试验。尽管它们的横向刚度相对较低,但大多数预制混凝土连接具有足够的弯矩能力,其峰值弯矩约为层间位移的3%至4%。预应力筋能有效提高混凝土预制节点的弯矩和抗剪强度,减少延性杆的滑移。预制混凝土试件总体抗震性能良好,符合美国混凝土学会规定的验收标准。试验结果表明,在设计延性杆和高强度螺纹杆时,需要仔细考虑引起预制混凝土连接的稳定弯曲响应。
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引用次数: 0
Fillet welding of skewed reinforcing steel to steel plate 斜钢筋与钢板的角焊
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15554/pcij68.1-04
E. Pratt
Connecting or anchoring reinforcing steel to structural steel plate or shapes using fillet welds is a common detail in precast concrete construction. However, there is currently no guidance on the effects of skewing the reinforcing bar with respect to the plate. This paper reports findings from a study of the effects of a skewed reinforcing bar on both the effective weld area and the overall connection strength. Thirty-two samples of reinforcing bars welded to steel plates at various skew angles were fabricated and tested in tension to failure. These results were compared with an analysis based on the instantaneous center of rotation method presented in the American Welding Society’s Structural Welding Code—Steel (AWS D1.1-20). Recommendations are presented to revise the Structural Welding Code—Reinforcing Bars (AWS D1.4) to account for the effect of skewed reinforcing bars welded to structural steel plate or shapes.
使用角焊缝将钢筋连接或锚定到结构钢板或形状是预制混凝土结构中常见的细节。然而,目前还没有关于钢筋相对于板倾斜的影响的指导。本文报告了斜钢筋对有效焊缝面积和整体连接强度影响的研究结果。制作了32根不同斜度钢板焊接钢筋试样,并进行了拉伸至破坏试验。这些结果与美国焊接协会结构焊接规范(AWS D1.1-20)中基于瞬时旋转中心法的分析结果进行了比较。提出了修改结构焊接规范-钢筋(AWS D1.4)的建议,以考虑焊接到结构钢板或形状的倾斜钢筋的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Design and cyclic testing of a gusset plate connection for precast concrete buckling-restrained braced frames 预制混凝土屈曲约束支撑框架扣板连接的设计与循环试验
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15554/pcij68.2-03
Hannah D. Kessler, K. Conway, L. Redmond, G. Pataky
A design method for precast concrete buckling-restrained braced frames with traditional gusset plate connections has not yet been codified. In addition, experimental data for this novel system are lacking. The primary objectives of this research were to design and experimentally test a partial system under representative seismic loads and to determine the applicability of the uniform force method (UFM) for connection interface force distribution. A quasi-static cyclic test was performed on a scaled, partial system. Experimental results showed that the UFM alone does not accurately predict interface forces for this system because the method does not account for frame action. Results also showed that there is some change in column base fixity as the frame undergoes larger horizontal displacements. This was the first U.S. laboratory test on a scaled, partial version of this system. Development of a codified design method would require further testing to determine an appropriate interface force distribution and quantify the change in column base fixity.
传统扣板连接预制混凝土屈曲约束支撑框架的设计方法尚未形成规范。此外,这种新系统的实验数据缺乏。本研究的主要目的是设计和实验测试一个具有代表性的地震荷载作用下的局部系统,并确定均匀力法(UFM)在连接界面力分布方面的适用性。准静态循环试验进行了一个比例,部分系统。实验结果表明,由于该方法没有考虑框架的作用,因此单独使用UFM方法不能准确地预测系统的界面力。结果还表明,当框架承受较大的水平位移时,柱底固定点也有一定的变化。这是美国第一次对该系统的部分缩放版本进行实验室测试。制定规范的设计方法需要进一步的测试,以确定适当的界面力分布,并量化柱基固定点的变化。
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引用次数: 1
Evolution of the L-shaped spandrel beam l形拱梁的演化
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15554/pcij68.2-06
A. Osborn, G. Klein
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引用次数: 0
Precast, prestressed concrete products for infrastructure 基础设施用预制、预应力混凝土产品
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15554/pcij68.3-05
Stephen J. Seguirant, R. Miller
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引用次数: 0
Review of supplementary cementitious materials with implications for age-dependent concrete properties affecting precast concrete 补充胶凝材料与影响预制混凝土的随龄期变化的混凝土特性的含义的综述
4区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15554/pcij68.6-01
Zoe N. Lallas, Matthew J. Gombeda, Flavia Mendonca
This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing research examining the effects of supplementary cementitious materials on age-dependent concrete properties with the most profound implications for precast concrete production. The review covers the physical and chemical properties of selected types of supplementary cementitious materials, concrete mixture proportions, concrete curing methods, testing procedures, and test results related to the fresh properties and strengths of a range of concrete mixtures. Although the use of supplementary cementitious materials in precast concrete products is common, the detailed information provided in this paper may facilitate more widespread use of these materials to enhance concrete properties and comply with sustainability initiatives.
本文对现有研究进行了全面回顾,研究了补充胶凝材料对随年龄变化的混凝土性能的影响,对预制混凝土生产具有最深远的影响。该综述涵盖了选定类型的补充胶凝材料的物理和化学特性、混凝土混合比例、混凝土养护方法、测试程序以及与一系列混凝土混合料的新特性和强度相关的测试结果。虽然在预制混凝土产品中使用补充胶凝材料是很常见的,但本文提供的详细信息可能有助于更广泛地使用这些材料来增强混凝土性能并符合可持续性倡议。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and numerical study of a motion amplification mechanism to enhance the seismic energy-dissipation capacity of precast, post-tensioned concrete rocking systems 提高预制后张混凝土摇摇体系抗震消能能力的运动放大机制试验与数值研究
4区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15554/pcij68.6-02
Ahmet Ata Kulaksizoglu, Cetin Yilmaz, Cem Yalcin
This paper describes research on the behavior of precast, post-tensioned concrete rocking systems with a proposed new type of external rotational friction damper. The proposed damper takes advantage of geometrical arrangement with small initial angle (less than 20 degrees) to amplify the relative rotations due to the unique gap opening mechanism that occurs in the joints of these systems. These relative rotations, which take place on friction surfaces between metallic friction plates, contribute to the energy dissipation and force capacity of the system by means of rotational friction. The novelty of the proposed damper stems from the amplification effect, which provides substantial energy dissipation capacity even in small drift demands. In this study, a numerical model was developed and verified with experimental results. This numerical model was used to analyze unbonded, post-tensioned beam-column subassemblies and frames with and without the proposed damper tested to develop the force-displacement relations. The analysis results indicate that the proposed damper would effectively dissipate seismic energy and increase force capacity.
本文介绍了采用一种新型外旋转摩擦阻尼器的预制后张混凝土摇摇系统的性能研究。所提出的阻尼器利用小初始角(小于20度)的几何布置来放大相对旋转,这是由于这些系统的关节中存在独特的间隙打开机制。这些相对旋转发生在金属摩擦片之间的摩擦表面上,通过旋转摩擦有助于系统的能量耗散和受力能力。该阻尼器的新颖性源于放大效应,即使在很小的漂移需求下也能提供大量的能量耗散能力。本文建立了数值模型,并与实验结果进行了验证。该数值模型用于分析有无阻尼器的无粘结后张梁柱组件和框架,以建立力-位移关系。分析结果表明,该减振器能有效地分散地震能量,提高结构的受力能力。
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引用次数: 0
"Evaluating fatigue, relaxation, and creep rupture of carbon-fiber- reinforced polymer strands for highway bridge construction" 评价公路桥梁建设用碳纤维增强聚合物链的疲劳、松弛和蠕变断裂
IF 1.1 4区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15554/pcij68.3-01
N. Grace, M. Mohamed, Mena Bebawy
Fatigue strength, relaxation, and creep rupture strength of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strands were evaluated experimentally, and their impact on bridge beam design was investigated. The long-term relaxation of CFRP strands was evaluated by loading CFRP test specimens under different environmental conditions and monitoring prestress loss over time. Creep rupture strength of CFRP strands after 1 million hours of sustained stress exposure was predicted by loading and monitoring CFRP test specimens under a range of sustained stress levels for an extended time. The fatigue strength of CFRP strands was established by cyclically loading CFRP test specimens using different stress amplitudes. In addition, and as a benchmark for fatigue evaluation, low-relaxation steel and stainless steel strand test specimens were prepared and cyclically loaded within the fatigue test matrix. Test results showed that fatigue strength of CFRP strands is superior to that of low-relaxation steel and stainless steel prestressing strands. In addition, the one-million-hour relaxation loss of CFRP strands is approximately 2% for a wide range of initial stress levels. Furthermore, the one-million-hour creep rupture strength is at least 88% of the average tensile strength of the strands. Extended exposure to environmental conditions did not seem to affect the tensile capacity of CFRP strands.
试验评估了碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)股的疲劳强度、松弛强度和蠕变断裂强度,并研究了它们对桥梁梁设计的影响。通过在不同环境条件下加载CFRP试件并监测随时间的预应力损失来评估CFRP股的长期松弛。通过加载和监测CFRP试件在长时间的持续应力水平下的蠕变断裂强度,预测了CFRP股在100万小时的持续应力暴露后的蠕变断裂强度。通过循环加载不同应力幅值的CFRP试件,建立了CFRP股的疲劳强度。此外,作为疲劳评价的基准,制备了低松弛钢和不锈钢绞线试样,并在疲劳试验基体内循环加载。试验结果表明,CFRP预应力筋的疲劳强度优于低松弛钢和不锈钢预应力筋。此外,在较宽的初始应力水平范围内,CFRP股的100万小时松弛损失约为2%。此外,一百万小时的蠕变断裂强度至少是平均抗拉强度的88%。长时间暴露在环境条件下似乎不影响CFRP股的拉伸能力。
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