首页 > 最新文献

Paleobiology最新文献

英文 中文
The Fezouata Shale Formation biota is typical for the high latitudes of the Early Ordovician—a quantitative approach 费祖阿塔页岩层生物群是早奥陶纪高纬度地区的典型生物群--一种定量方法
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2024.7
Jared C. Richards, Karma Nanglu, Javier Ortega-Hernández
The Fezouata Shale Formation has dramatically impacted our understanding of Early Ordovician marine ecosystems before the great Ordovician biodiversification event (GOBE), thanks to the abundance and quality of exceptionally preserved animals within it. Systematic work has noted that the shelly fossil subassemblages of the Fezouata Shale biota are typical of open-marine deposits from the Lower Ordovician, but no studies have tested the quantitative validity of this statement. We extracted 491 occurrences of recalcitrant fossil genera from the Paleobiology Database to reconstruct 31 subassemblages to explore the paleoecology of the Fezouata Shale and other contemporary, high-latitude (66°S–90°S) deposits from the Lower Ordovician (485.4–470 Ma) and test the interpretation that the Fezouata Shale biota is typical for an Ordovician open-marine environment. Sørensen's dissimilarity metrics and Wilcoxon tests indicate that the subassemblages of the Tremadocian-aged lower Fezouata Shale are approximately 20% more heterogenous than the Floian-aged upper Fezouata Shale. Dissimilarity metrics and visualization suggest that while the lower Fezouata and upper Fezouata share faunal components, the two sections have distinct faunas. We find that the faunal composition of the lower Fezouata Shale is comparable with other Tremadocian-aged subassemblages from high latitudes, suggesting that it is typical for an Early Ordovician open-marine environment. We also find differences in faunal composition between Tremadocian- and Floian-aged deposits. Our results corroborate previous field-based and qualitative systematic studies that concluded that the shelly assemblages of the Fezouata Shale are comparable with those of other Lower Ordovician deposits from high latitudes. This establishes the first quantitative baseline for examining the composition and variability within the assemblages of the Fezouata Shale and will be key to future studies attempting to discern the degree to which it can inform our understanding of marine ecosystems just before the start of the GOBE.
由于费祖阿塔页岩层中保存了大量高质量的特殊动物,它极大地影响了我们对奥陶纪生物多样性大事件(GOBE)之前早奥陶世海洋生态系统的了解。有系统的研究指出,费祖阿塔页岩生物群的搁浅化石亚组合是下奥陶纪开放海洋沉积的典型特征,但还没有研究对这一说法的定量有效性进行检验。我们从古生物数据库(Paleobiology Database)中提取了 491 个出现过的难活化石属种,重建了 31 个亚组合,以探索下奥陶世(485.4-470 Ma)费祖阿塔页岩和其他当代高纬度(66°S-90°S)沉积的古生态,并检验费祖阿塔页岩生物群是典型的奥陶世开放海洋环境的解释。索伦森(Sørensen)异质性度量和威尔科克森(Wilcoxon)检验表明,特雷马多克纪年龄的下费祖塔页岩亚组合的异质性比弗洛亚纪年龄的上费祖塔页岩高出约 20%。差异度量和可视化表明,虽然下费祖塔页岩和上费祖塔页岩具有相同的动物成分,但这两个地段的动物群却截然不同。我们发现费祖阿塔页岩下部的动物组成与高纬度地区其他特雷玛多克纪时代的亚组合相似,表明它是典型的早奥陶世开放海洋环境。我们还发现 Tremadocian 时代和 Floian 时代沉积物的动物组成存在差异。我们的研究结果证实了之前基于野外和定性系统研究的结论,即费祖阿塔页岩的搁浅组合与高纬度地区其他下奥陶世沉积物的搁浅组合具有可比性。这为研究费祖阿塔页岩集合体的组成和变异性建立了第一个定量基准,对于今后研究费祖阿塔页岩在多大程度上能够帮助我们了解全球大洋环流开始前的海洋生态系统至关重要。
{"title":"The Fezouata Shale Formation biota is typical for the high latitudes of the Early Ordovician—a quantitative approach","authors":"Jared C. Richards, Karma Nanglu, Javier Ortega-Hernández","doi":"10.1017/pab.2024.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2024.7","url":null,"abstract":"The Fezouata Shale Formation has dramatically impacted our understanding of Early Ordovician marine ecosystems before the great Ordovician biodiversification event (GOBE), thanks to the abundance and quality of exceptionally preserved animals within it. Systematic work has noted that the shelly fossil subassemblages of the Fezouata Shale biota are typical of open-marine deposits from the Lower Ordovician, but no studies have tested the quantitative validity of this statement. We extracted 491 occurrences of recalcitrant fossil genera from the Paleobiology Database to reconstruct 31 subassemblages to explore the paleoecology of the Fezouata Shale and other contemporary, high-latitude (66°S–90°S) deposits from the Lower Ordovician (485.4–470 Ma) and test the interpretation that the Fezouata Shale biota is typical for an Ordovician open-marine environment. Sørensen's dissimilarity metrics and Wilcoxon tests indicate that the subassemblages of the Tremadocian-aged lower Fezouata Shale are approximately 20% more heterogenous than the Floian-aged upper Fezouata Shale. Dissimilarity metrics and visualization suggest that while the lower Fezouata and upper Fezouata share faunal components, the two sections have distinct faunas. We find that the faunal composition of the lower Fezouata Shale is comparable with other Tremadocian-aged subassemblages from high latitudes, suggesting that it is typical for an Early Ordovician open-marine environment. We also find differences in faunal composition between Tremadocian- and Floian-aged deposits. Our results corroborate previous field-based and qualitative systematic studies that concluded that the shelly assemblages of the Fezouata Shale are comparable with those of other Lower Ordovician deposits from high latitudes. This establishes the first quantitative baseline for examining the composition and variability within the assemblages of the Fezouata Shale and will be key to future studies attempting to discern the degree to which it can inform our understanding of marine ecosystems just before the start of the GOBE.","PeriodicalId":54646,"journal":{"name":"Paleobiology","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aligning paleobiological research with conservation priorities using elasmobranchs as a model 以鳞鳃亚纲动物为模型,将古生物学研究与保护优先事项相结合
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2024.11
Erin M. Dillon, Catalina Pimiento
Humans have dramatically transformed ecosystems over the previous millennia and are potentially causing a mass extinction event comparable to the others that shaped the history of life. However, only a fraction of these impacts has been directly recorded, limiting conservation actions. Conservation paleobiology leverages geohistorical records to offer a long-term perspective on biodiversity change in the face of anthropogenic stressors. Nevertheless, the field's on-the-ground contributions to conservation outcomes are still developing. Here, we present an overview of directions in which paleobiological research could progress to aid conservation in the coming decades using elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates)—a highly threatened group with a rich fossil record—as a model. These research directions are guided by areas of overlap between an expert-led list of current elasmobranch conservation priorities and available fossil and historical records. Four research topics emerged for which paleobiological research could address open questions in elasmobranch science and conservation: (1) baselines, (2) ecological roles, (3) threats, and (4) conservation priorities. Increasingly rich datasets and novel analytical frameworks present exciting opportunities to apply the elasmobranch fossil record to conservation practice. A similar approach could be extended to other clades. Given the synthetic nature of these research topics, we encourage collaboration across timescales and with conservation practitioners to safeguard the future of our planet's rapidly disappearing species.
在过去的几千年里,人类极大地改变了生态系统,并有可能造成与其他影响生命历史的大灭绝事件相媲美的大灭绝事件。然而,这些影响中只有一小部分被直接记录下来,限制了保护行动。保护性古生物学利用地质历史记录,从长远角度研究生物多样性在人为压力下的变化。然而,该领域对保护成果的实地贡献仍在发展之中。在此,我们以鳞鳃亚纲动物(鲨鱼、鳐鱼和鳐科鱼类)--一个具有丰富化石记录的高度濒危类群--为范例,概述了古生物学研究在未来几十年中帮助保护工作的发展方向。这些研究方向以专家主导的当前鳞鳃类动物保护优先事项清单与现有化石和历史记录之间的重叠领域为指导。古生物学研究可以解决贻贝科学和保护中的四个研究课题:(1) 基线,(2) 生态作用,(3) 威胁,(4) 保护重点。日益丰富的数据集和新颖的分析框架为将箭亚纲化石记录应用于保护实践提供了令人兴奋的机会。类似的方法也可以扩展到其他类群。鉴于这些研究课题的综合性质,我们鼓励与保护工作者开展跨时间尺度的合作,以保护地球上正在迅速消失的物种的未来。
{"title":"Aligning paleobiological research with conservation priorities using elasmobranchs as a model","authors":"Erin M. Dillon, Catalina Pimiento","doi":"10.1017/pab.2024.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2024.11","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have dramatically transformed ecosystems over the previous millennia and are potentially causing a mass extinction event comparable to the others that shaped the history of life. However, only a fraction of these impacts has been directly recorded, limiting conservation actions. Conservation paleobiology leverages geohistorical records to offer a long-term perspective on biodiversity change in the face of anthropogenic stressors. Nevertheless, the field's on-the-ground contributions to conservation outcomes are still developing. Here, we present an overview of directions in which paleobiological research could progress to aid conservation in the coming decades using elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates)—a highly threatened group with a rich fossil record—as a model. These research directions are guided by areas of overlap between an expert-led list of current elasmobranch conservation priorities and available fossil and historical records. Four research topics emerged for which paleobiological research could address open questions in elasmobranch science and conservation: (1) baselines, (2) ecological roles, (3) threats, and (4) conservation priorities. Increasingly rich datasets and novel analytical frameworks present exciting opportunities to apply the elasmobranch fossil record to conservation practice. A similar approach could be extended to other clades. Given the synthetic nature of these research topics, we encourage collaboration across timescales and with conservation practitioners to safeguard the future of our planet's rapidly disappearing species.","PeriodicalId":54646,"journal":{"name":"Paleobiology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The evolution of femoral morphology in giant non-avian theropod dinosaurs 巨型非鸟类兽脚类恐龙股骨形态的演变
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2024.6
Romain Pintore, John R. Hutchinson, Peter J. Bishop, Henry P. Tsai, Alexandra Houssaye
Theropods are obligate bipedal dinosaurs that appeared 230 Ma and are still extant as birds. Their history is characterized by extreme variations in body mass, with gigantism evolving convergently between many lineages. However, no quantification of hindlimb functional morphology has shown whether these body mass increases led to similar specializations between distinct lineages. Here we studied femoral shape variation across 41 species of theropods (n = 68 specimens) using a high-density 3D geometric morphometric approach. We demonstrated that the heaviest theropods evolved wider epiphyses and a more distally located fourth trochanter, as previously demonstrated in early archosaurs, along with an upturned femoral head and a mediodistal crest that extended proximally along the shaft. Phylogenetically informed analyses highlighted that these traits evolved convergently within six major theropod lineages, regardless of their maximum body mass. Conversely, the most gracile femora were distinct from the rest of the dataset, which we interpret as a femoral specialization to “miniaturization” evolving close to Avialae (bird lineage). Our results support a gradual evolution of known “avian” features, such as the fusion between lesser and greater trochanters and a reduction of the epiphyseal offset, independent from body mass variations, which may relate to a more “avian” type of locomotion (more knee than hip driven). The distinction between body mass variations and a more “avian” locomotion is represented by a decoupling in the mediodistal crest morphology, whose biomechanical nature should be studied to better understand the importance of its functional role in gigantism, miniaturization, and higher parasagittal abilities.
兽脚类恐龙是一种两足恐龙,出现于距今230万年前,现在仍以鸟类的形式存在。它们的历史以体重的极端变化为特征,许多类群之间的巨型化演化趋同。然而,对后肢功能形态的量化研究还没有显示这些体重的增加是否导致了不同类群之间类似的特化。在这里,我们使用高密度三维几何形态计量学方法研究了 41 种兽脚类动物(n = 68 个标本)的股骨形状变化。我们证明,最重的兽脚类恐龙进化出了更宽的骨骺和位于更远处的第四转子,这与之前在早期古龙身上所证明的一样,同时还进化出了上翘的股骨头和沿轴向近端延伸的中嵴。系统发育分析突出表明,这些特征是在六大兽脚类中趋同进化的,与它们的最大体重无关。相反,最纤细的股骨与其他数据集截然不同,我们将其解释为股骨特化向 "小型化 "演化的过程接近于鸟类(Avialae)。我们的研究结果支持已知的 "鸟类 "特征的逐步进化,例如小转子和大转子之间的融合以及骺偏移的减少,这与体重的变化无关,这可能与更 "鸟类 "的运动类型有关(膝关节驱动多于髋关节驱动)。体重变化与更 "禽类 "运动之间的区别体现在中嵴形态的脱钩,应研究其生物力学性质,以更好地了解其在巨型化、小型化和更高的副躯干能力中的重要功能作用。
{"title":"The evolution of femoral morphology in giant non-avian theropod dinosaurs","authors":"Romain Pintore, John R. Hutchinson, Peter J. Bishop, Henry P. Tsai, Alexandra Houssaye","doi":"10.1017/pab.2024.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2024.6","url":null,"abstract":"Theropods are obligate bipedal dinosaurs that appeared 230 Ma and are still extant as birds. Their history is characterized by extreme variations in body mass, with gigantism evolving convergently between many lineages. However, no quantification of hindlimb functional morphology has shown whether these body mass increases led to similar specializations between distinct lineages. Here we studied femoral shape variation across 41 species of theropods (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 68 specimens) using a high-density 3D geometric morphometric approach. We demonstrated that the heaviest theropods evolved wider epiphyses and a more distally located fourth trochanter, as previously demonstrated in early archosaurs, along with an upturned femoral head and a mediodistal crest that extended proximally along the shaft. Phylogenetically informed analyses highlighted that these traits evolved convergently within six major theropod lineages, regardless of their maximum body mass. Conversely, the most gracile femora were distinct from the rest of the dataset, which we interpret as a femoral specialization to “miniaturization” evolving close to Avialae (bird lineage). Our results support a gradual evolution of known “avian” features, such as the fusion between lesser and greater trochanters and a reduction of the epiphyseal offset, independent from body mass variations, which may relate to a more “avian” type of locomotion (more knee than hip driven). The distinction between body mass variations and a more “avian” locomotion is represented by a decoupling in the mediodistal crest morphology, whose biomechanical nature should be studied to better understand the importance of its functional role in gigantism, miniaturization, and higher parasagittal abilities.","PeriodicalId":54646,"journal":{"name":"Paleobiology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphometric analysis of the Late Cretaceous Placenticeras of Alabama, USA: sexual dimorphism, allometry, and implications for taxonomy 美国阿拉巴马州晚白垩世胎生动物的形态分析:性双态性、异形性及对分类学的影响
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2024.3
Rachel C. Mohr, Thomas S. Tobin, Emily M. Tompkins
A traditional typological approach to taxonomy often does not adequately account for intraspecific variation and can result in taxonomic oversplitting. For many groups, including ammonoids of the Placenticeras genus, intraspecific variation documented in recent studies (e.g., ontogenetic changes, sexual dimorphism, polymorphism) challenges the historic proliferation of species names. Here, we used a population approach to taxonomy and quantitatively evaluated morphometric variation in a sample of Late Cretaceous (Santonian–Campanian) Placenticeras from Alabama and adjacent counties. We used linear mixed models (LMMs) to characterize how morphological variables scale with conch size across the sample, exploiting mixed longitudinal data to evaluate individual variation in growth and inform interpretations of multivariate analyses. Extended LMMs incorporating geological formation evaluated morphological changes through time. Principal component analysis and clustering analysis were then used to evaluate the number of distinct clusters that emerged in multivariate morphospace independent of previous taxon name assignments. Discontinuous scaling relationships and distinct clusters in multivariate space suggest sexual dimorphism characterized by differences in adult size and, secondarily, shape. Previous Stantonoceras and Placenticeras assignments broadly overlap in our morphospace, failing to justify this historic distinction (as sexual dimorphs or as genera or subgenera). Placenticeras conch morphology and ornament placement changed through time, suggesting a potential utility for coarse (stage-level) biostratigraphy. However, temporal changes were not associated with distinct clusters in morphospace, and our data fail to support the plethora of reported species names. As few as one or two (successive) species may be present in our sample (representing 130 years of collection effort). In addition to highlighting the need for a significant taxonomic revision of the Placenticeras genus, this study demonstrates the utility of LMMs for distinguishing between different sources of morphological variation, improving interpretations of morphospace under a population approach to taxonomy, and maximizing the amount of ontogenetic information that can be obtained nondestructively.
传统的类型学分类方法往往不能充分考虑种内变异,可能导致分类过度。对于包括胎盘虫属在内的许多类群来说,近期研究中记录的种内变异(如本体变化、性二形、多态性)对历史上物种名称的扩散提出了挑战。在这里,我们采用了种群分类方法,并定量评估了阿拉巴马州和邻近县的晚白垩世(山东安-坎帕尼亚)胎生动物样本的形态计量变异。我们使用线性混合模型(LMMs)来描述形态变量如何随海螺大小的变化而变化,利用混合纵向数据来评估个体的生长变化,并为多变量分析的解释提供信息。结合地质构造的扩展 LMM 评估了形态随时间的变化。然后使用主成分分析和聚类分析来评估多元形态空间中出现的独立聚类的数量,这些聚类与以前的分类群名称分配无关。多变量空间中不连续的缩放关系和独特的聚类表明,性二态的特点是成体大小不同,其次是形状不同。之前的 Stantonoceras 和 Placenticeras 分类在我们的形态空间中大致重叠,无法证明这种历史性的区分(作为性二型或作为属或亚属)是合理的。Placenticeras 的海螺形态和装饰物位置随着时间的推移而发生变化,这表明其在粗略(阶段级)生物地层学方面具有潜在的实用性。然而,时间上的变化与形态空间上的明显分组并不相关,我们的数据也无法支持大量的物种名称报告。我们的样本(代表 130 年的采集工作)中可能只有一到两个(连续的)物种。除了强调对胎盘虫属进行重大分类修订的必要性之外,本研究还证明了 LMMs 在区分形态变异的不同来源、改进种群分类方法下的形态空间解释以及最大限度地利用非破坏性方法获取本体发育信息方面的实用性。
{"title":"Morphometric analysis of the Late Cretaceous Placenticeras of Alabama, USA: sexual dimorphism, allometry, and implications for taxonomy","authors":"Rachel C. Mohr, Thomas S. Tobin, Emily M. Tompkins","doi":"10.1017/pab.2024.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2024.3","url":null,"abstract":"A traditional typological approach to taxonomy often does not adequately account for intraspecific variation and can result in taxonomic oversplitting. For many groups, including ammonoids of the <jats:italic>Placenticeras</jats:italic> genus, intraspecific variation documented in recent studies (e.g., ontogenetic changes, sexual dimorphism, polymorphism) challenges the historic proliferation of species names. Here, we used a population approach to taxonomy and quantitatively evaluated morphometric variation in a sample of Late Cretaceous (Santonian–Campanian) <jats:italic>Placenticeras</jats:italic> from Alabama and adjacent counties. We used linear mixed models (LMMs) to characterize how morphological variables scale with conch size across the sample, exploiting mixed longitudinal data to evaluate individual variation in growth and inform interpretations of multivariate analyses. Extended LMMs incorporating geological formation evaluated morphological changes through time. Principal component analysis and clustering analysis were then used to evaluate the number of distinct clusters that emerged in multivariate morphospace independent of previous taxon name assignments. Discontinuous scaling relationships and distinct clusters in multivariate space suggest sexual dimorphism characterized by differences in adult size and, secondarily, shape. Previous <jats:italic>Stantonoceras</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Placenticeras</jats:italic> assignments broadly overlap in our morphospace, failing to justify this historic distinction (as sexual dimorphs or as genera or subgenera). <jats:italic>Placenticeras</jats:italic> conch morphology and ornament placement changed through time, suggesting a potential utility for coarse (stage-level) biostratigraphy. However, temporal changes were not associated with distinct clusters in morphospace, and our data fail to support the plethora of reported species names. As few as one or two (successive) species may be present in our sample (representing 130 years of collection effort). In addition to highlighting the need for a significant taxonomic revision of the <jats:italic>Placenticeras</jats:italic> genus, this study demonstrates the utility of LMMs for distinguishing between different sources of morphological variation, improving interpretations of morphospace under a population approach to taxonomy, and maximizing the amount of ontogenetic information that can be obtained nondestructively.","PeriodicalId":54646,"journal":{"name":"Paleobiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflections on punctuated equilibria 对点状均衡的思考
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2024.8
Niles Eldredge
It is a pleasure to be invited to contribute to the celebration of the publication of “punctuated equilibria” (“punk eek”) 50 years ago—the canonical version I did with Steve Gould (Eldredge and Gould 1972) at the behest of Tom Schopf for his visionary project to inject more thought, more interpretation and theory, into the working lives of paleontologists.
很高兴应邀参加 50 年前 "点状均衡"("朋克诶")一书的出版庆祝活动--这是我和史蒂夫-古尔德(Steve Gould,埃尔德雷奇和古尔德,1972 年)共同完成的经典版本,是汤姆-肖普夫(Tom Schopf)为其远见卓识的项目所要求的,目的是为古生物学家的工作生活注入更多思想、更多解释和理论。
{"title":"Reflections on punctuated equilibria","authors":"Niles Eldredge","doi":"10.1017/pab.2024.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2024.8","url":null,"abstract":"It is a pleasure to be invited to contribute to the celebration of the publication of “punctuated equilibria” (“punk eek”) 50 years ago—the canonical version I did with Steve Gould (Eldredge and Gould 1972) at the behest of Tom Schopf for his visionary project to inject more thought, more interpretation and theory, into the working lives of paleontologists.","PeriodicalId":54646,"journal":{"name":"Paleobiology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Fractional MacroEvolution Model: a simple quantitative scaling macroevolution model 分数宏观进化模型:一种简单的定量缩放宏观进化模型
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2023.38
Shaun Lovejoy, Andrej Spiridonov
Scaling fluctuation analyses of marine animal diversity and extinction and origination rates based on the Paleobiology Database occurrence data have opened new perspectives on macroevolution, supporting the hypothesis that the environment (climate proxies) and life (extinction and origination rates) are scaling over the “megaclimate” biogeological regime (from ≈1 Myr to at least 400 Myr). In the emerging picture, biodiversity is a scaling “crossover” phenomenon being dominated by the environment at short timescales and by life at long timescales with a crossover at ≈40 Myr. These findings provide the empirical basis for constructing the Fractional MacroEvolution Model (FMEM), a simple stochastic model combining destabilizing and stabilizing tendencies in macroevolutionary dynamics, driven by two scaling processes: temperature and turnover rates. Macroevolution models are typically deterministic (albeit sometimes perturbed by random noises) and are based on integer-ordered differential equations. In contrast, the FMEM is stochastic and based on fractional-ordered equations. Stochastic models are natural for systems with large numbers of degrees of freedom, and fractional equations naturally give rise to scaling processes. The basic FMEM drivers are fractional Brownian motions (temperature, T) and fractional Gaussian noises (turnover rates, E+) and the responses (solutions), are fractionally integrated fractional relaxation noises (diversity [D], extinction [E], origination [O], and E = O − E). We discuss the impulse response (itself representing the model response to a bolide impact) and derive the model's full statistical properties. By numerically solving the model, we verified the mathematical analysis and compared both uniformly and irregularly sampled model outputs with paleobiology series.
根据古生物数据库的发生数据,对海洋动物多样性以及灭绝和起源率进行了缩放波动分析,为宏观进化开辟了新的视角,支持了环境(气候代用指标)和生命(灭绝和起源率)在 "巨气候 "生物地质体系(从≈1 Myr到至少400 Myr)中缩放的假说。在新出现的图景中,生物多样性是一种按比例的 "交叉 "现象,在短时间尺度上由环境主导,在长时间尺度上由生命主导,在≈40 Myr时出现交叉。这些发现为构建 "分数宏观进化模型"(FMEM)提供了经验基础。FMEM 是一个简单的随机模型,结合了宏观进化动态中的不稳定和稳定趋势,由温度和更替率这两个缩放过程驱动。宏观进化模型通常是确定性的(尽管有时会受到随机干扰),并以整序微分方程为基础。相比之下,FMEM 是随机的,基于分数有序方程。对于具有大量自由度的系统来说,随机模型是很自然的,而分数方程自然会产生缩放过程。FMEM 的基本驱动力是分数布朗运动(温度,T)和分数高斯噪声(周转率,E+),而响应(解)则是分数积分分数弛豫噪声(多样性 [D]、灭绝 [E]、起源 [O] 和 E- = O - E)。我们讨论了脉冲响应(本身代表了模型对螺栓撞击的响应),并推导出模型的全部统计特性。通过对模型进行数值求解,我们验证了数学分析,并将均匀和不规则采样的模型输出与古生物学序列进行了比较。
{"title":"The Fractional MacroEvolution Model: a simple quantitative scaling macroevolution model","authors":"Shaun Lovejoy, Andrej Spiridonov","doi":"10.1017/pab.2023.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2023.38","url":null,"abstract":"Scaling fluctuation analyses of marine animal diversity and extinction and origination rates based on the Paleobiology Database occurrence data have opened new perspectives on macroevolution, supporting the hypothesis that the environment (climate proxies) and life (extinction and origination rates) are scaling over the “megaclimate” biogeological regime (from ≈1 Myr to at least 400 Myr). In the emerging picture, biodiversity is a scaling “crossover” phenomenon being dominated by the environment at short timescales and by life at long timescales with a crossover at ≈40 Myr. These findings provide the empirical basis for constructing the Fractional MacroEvolution Model (FMEM), a simple stochastic model combining destabilizing and stabilizing tendencies in macroevolutionary dynamics, driven by two scaling processes: temperature and turnover rates. Macroevolution models are typically deterministic (albeit sometimes perturbed by random noises) and are based on integer-ordered differential equations. In contrast, the FMEM is stochastic and based on fractional-ordered equations. Stochastic models are natural for systems with large numbers of degrees of freedom, and fractional equations naturally give rise to scaling processes. The basic FMEM drivers are fractional Brownian motions (temperature, <jats:italic>T</jats:italic>) and fractional Gaussian noises (turnover rates, <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>+</jats:sub>) and the responses (solutions), are fractionally integrated fractional relaxation noises (diversity [<jats:italic>D</jats:italic>], extinction [<jats:italic>E</jats:italic>], origination [<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>], and <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>−</jats:sub> = <jats:italic>O − E</jats:italic>). We discuss the impulse response (itself representing the model response to a bolide impact) and derive the model's full statistical properties. By numerically solving the model, we verified the mathematical analysis and compared both uniformly and irregularly sampled model outputs with paleobiology series.","PeriodicalId":54646,"journal":{"name":"Paleobiology","volume":"50 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of apicobasal ridges on dental load-bearing capacity in aquatic-feeding predatory amniotes 尖颊脊对水生食肉动物牙齿承重能力的影响
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2024.10
Ailie S. MacKenzie, Glenn A. Brock, Matthew R. McCurry

Apicobasal ridges are longitudinal ridges of enamel that are particularly common in several clades of aquatic-feeding predatory amniotes, including Plesiosauria, Ichthyosauria, Mosasauridae, Crocodylia, and Spinosauridae, as well as some early members of Cetacea. Although the repeated evolution of these dental ridges in unrelated clades suggests an adaptive benefit, their primary function in feeding is debated. Hypothesized functions range from increasing tooth strength to improving prey puncture or removal efficiency, but these have never been quantitatively tested. This study utilizes finite element analysis (FEA) to assess the impact of apicobasal ridges upon tooth crown strength in aquatic-feeding amniotes. Drawing on morphometric data from fossilized tooth crowns, a set of digital models was constructed to calculate the performance of smooth and ridged tooth variants under simulated bite force loadings. The similarities in overall stress distribution patterns across models of the same tooth shape, regardless of the presence or morphology of ridges, indicate that apicobasal ridges have little impact on stress reduction within the tooth crown. Ultimately, these findings suggest that apicobasal ridges have a minimal role in improving crown strength and form a framework for future research into the remaining hypotheses.

齿嵴是珐琅质的纵脊,在以水生为食的食肉羊膜动物的几个支系中特别常见,包括栉龙科、鱼龙科、沧龙科、鳄龙科和棘龙科,以及鲸目动物的一些早期成员。虽然这些牙脊在不相关的支系中反复进化,表明它们具有适应性益处,但它们在进食中的主要功能还存在争议。推测的功能包括增加牙齿强度、提高刺穿或清除猎物的效率等,但这些功能从未得到过定量测试。本研究利用有限元分析(FEA)来评估尖鼻骨脊对水生食性羊膜动物牙冠强度的影响。利用化石牙冠的形态计量数据,建立了一套数字模型,以计算在模拟咬合力负荷下光滑和有脊的牙齿变体的性能。在相同牙齿形状的模型中,无论是否存在齿脊或齿脊的形态如何,整体应力分布模式都很相似,这表明根尖基部的齿脊对减少齿冠内的应力几乎没有影响。最终,这些研究结果表明根尖骨脊在提高牙冠强度方面的作用微乎其微,并为今后研究其余假说提供了框架。
{"title":"The impact of apicobasal ridges on dental load-bearing capacity in aquatic-feeding predatory amniotes","authors":"Ailie S. MacKenzie, Glenn A. Brock, Matthew R. McCurry","doi":"10.1017/pab.2024.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2024.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Apicobasal ridges are longitudinal ridges of enamel that are particularly common in several clades of aquatic-feeding predatory amniotes, including Plesiosauria, Ichthyosauria, Mosasauridae, Crocodylia, and Spinosauridae, as well as some early members of Cetacea. Although the repeated evolution of these dental ridges in unrelated clades suggests an adaptive benefit, their primary function in feeding is debated. Hypothesized functions range from increasing tooth strength to improving prey puncture or removal efficiency, but these have never been quantitatively tested. This study utilizes finite element analysis (FEA) to assess the impact of apicobasal ridges upon tooth crown strength in aquatic-feeding amniotes. Drawing on morphometric data from fossilized tooth crowns, a set of digital models was constructed to calculate the performance of smooth and ridged tooth variants under simulated bite force loadings. The similarities in overall stress distribution patterns across models of the same tooth shape, regardless of the presence or morphology of ridges, indicate that apicobasal ridges have little impact on stress reduction within the tooth crown. Ultimately, these findings suggest that apicobasal ridges have a minimal role in improving crown strength and form a framework for future research into the remaining hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":54646,"journal":{"name":"Paleobiology","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Levels of selection and macroevolution in organisms, colonies, and species 生物体、群落和物种的选择和宏观进化水平
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2024.12
Carl Simpson, Andrea Halling, Sarah Leventhal
The fitness of groups is often considered to be the average fitness among constituent members. This assumption has been useful for developing models of multilevel selection, but its uncritical adoption has held back our understanding of how multilevel selection actually works in nature. If group fitness is only equal to mean member fitness, then it is a simple task to erode the importance of group-level selection in all multilevel scenarios—species selection could then be reduced to organismal selection as easily as group selection can. Because selection from different levels can act on a single trait, body size, for example, there must be a way to translate one level of fitness to another. This allows the calculation of the contributions of selection at each level. If high-level fitness is not a simple function of member fitness, then how do they interlace? Here we reintroduce Leigh Van Valen’s argument for the inclusion of expansion as a component of fitness. We show that expansion is an integral part of fitness even if one does not subscribe to the energetic view of fitness from which Van Valen originally derived it. From a hierarchical perspective, expansion is the projection of demographic fitness from one level to the next level up; differential births and deaths at one level produce differential expansion one level above. Including expansion in our conceptual tool kit helps allay concerns about our ability to identify the level of selection using a number of methods as well as allowing for the various forms of multilevel selection to be seen as manifestations of the same basic process.
群体的适合度通常被认为是组成成员的平均适合度。这一假设有助于建立多级选择模型,但不加批判地采用这一假设却阻碍了我们对多级选择在自然界中实际作用的理解。如果群体适合度只等于平均成员适合度,那么在所有多级选择情景中,削弱群体级选择的重要性就是一件轻而易举的事--物种选择可以像群体选择一样被简化为生物体选择。由于不同层次的选择可以作用于单一性状,例如体型,因此必须有一种方法可以将一个层次的适应性转化为另一个层次的适应性。这样就可以计算出每个层次的选择贡献。如果高层次的适应性不是成员适应性的简单函数,那么它们之间又是如何交错的呢?在这里,我们重新引入利-范-瓦伦(Leigh Van Valen)的论点,将扩展作为适合度的一个组成部分。我们的研究表明,即使我们不赞同范-瓦伦最初提出的关于适应性的能量观点,扩张也是适应性不可分割的一部分。从等级的角度来看,扩张是人口适存度从一个等级向下一个等级的投射;一个等级的出生和死亡差异会产生上一个等级的扩张差异。将扩展纳入我们的概念工具包,有助于减轻我们对使用多种方法识别选择层次的能力的担忧,并允许将各种形式的多层次选择视为同一基本过程的表现形式。
{"title":"Levels of selection and macroevolution in organisms, colonies, and species","authors":"Carl Simpson, Andrea Halling, Sarah Leventhal","doi":"10.1017/pab.2024.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2024.12","url":null,"abstract":"The fitness of groups is often considered to be the average fitness among constituent members. This assumption has been useful for developing models of multilevel selection, but its uncritical adoption has held back our understanding of how multilevel selection actually works in nature. If group fitness is only equal to mean member fitness, then it is a simple task to erode the importance of group-level selection in all multilevel scenarios—species selection could then be reduced to organismal selection as easily as group selection can. Because selection from different levels can act on a single trait, body size, for example, there must be a way to translate one level of fitness to another. This allows the calculation of the contributions of selection at each level. If high-level fitness is not a simple function of member fitness, then how do they interlace? Here we reintroduce Leigh Van Valen’s argument for the inclusion of expansion as a component of fitness. We show that expansion is an integral part of fitness even if one does not subscribe to the energetic view of fitness from which Van Valen originally derived it. From a hierarchical perspective, expansion is the projection of demographic fitness from one level to the next level up; differential births and deaths at one level produce differential expansion one level above. Including expansion in our conceptual tool kit helps allay concerns about our ability to identify the level of selection using a number of methods as well as allowing for the various forms of multilevel selection to be seen as manifestations of the same basic process.","PeriodicalId":54646,"journal":{"name":"Paleobiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140636610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rise and diversification of chondrichthyans in the Paleozoic 古生代软骨鱼类的兴起和多样化
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2024.1
Lisa Schnetz, Emma M. Dunne, Iris Feichtinger, Richard J. Butler, Michael I. Coates, Ivan J. Sansom

The Paleozoic represents a key time interval in the origins and early diversification of chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes), but their diversity and macroevolution are largely obscured by heterogenous spatial and temporal sampling. The predominantly cartilaginous skeletons of chondrichthyans pose an additional limitation on their preservation potential and hence on the quality of their fossil record. Here, we use a newly compiled genus-level dataset and the application of sampling standardization methods to analyze global total-chondrichthyan diversity dynamics through time from their first appearance in the Ordovician through to the end of the Permian. Subsampled estimates of chondrichthyan genus richness were initially low in the Ordovician and Silurian but increased substantially in the Early Devonian. Richness reached its maximum in the middle Carboniferous before dropping across the Carboniferous/Permian boundary and gradually decreasing throughout the Permian. Sampling is higher in both the Devonian and Carboniferous compared with the Silurian and most of the Permian stages. Shark-like scales from the Ordovician are too limited to allow for some of the subsampling techniques. Our results detect two Paleozoic radiations in chondrichthyan diversity: the first in the earliest Devonian, led by acanthodians (stem-group chondrichthyans), which then decline rapidly by the Late Devonian, and the second in the earliest Carboniferous, led by holocephalans, which increase greatly in richness across the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary. Dispersal of chondrichthyans, specifically holocephalans, into deeper-water environments may reflect a niche expansion following the faunal displacement in the aftermath of the Hangenberg extinction event at the end of the Devonian.

古生代是软骨鱼类(软骨鱼类)起源和早期多样化的关键时间段,但其多样性和宏观演化在很大程度上被不同的时空取样所掩盖。软骨鱼类的骨骼主要为软骨,这对其保存潜力构成了额外的限制,从而影响了其化石记录的质量。在此,我们利用新编制的属级数据集和采样标准化方法,分析了从奥陶纪首次出现到二叠纪末全球软骨鱼类多样性的动态变化。在奥陶纪和志留纪,对软骨鱼类种属丰富度的取样估计值最初较低,但在早泥盆世大幅增加。丰富度在石炭纪中期达到最高值,然后在石炭纪/二叠纪边界下降,并在整个二叠纪逐渐降低。与志留纪和二叠纪的大部分阶段相比,泥盆纪和石炭纪的采样率较高。奥陶纪的鲨鱼类尺度太小,无法采用某些子取样技术。我们的研究结果发现了古生代软骨鱼类多样性的两次辐射:第一次是在最早的泥盆纪,由棘皮动物(茎类软骨鱼类)领导,然后在泥盆纪晚期迅速衰退;第二次是在最早的石炭纪,由全头鱼类领导,其丰富程度在泥盆纪/石炭纪界线上大大增加。软骨鱼类,特别是全头盖鱼类向深水环境的扩散可能反映了泥盆纪末期汉根伯格灭绝事件后动物群迁移后的生态位扩张。
{"title":"Rise and diversification of chondrichthyans in the Paleozoic","authors":"Lisa Schnetz, Emma M. Dunne, Iris Feichtinger, Richard J. Butler, Michael I. Coates, Ivan J. Sansom","doi":"10.1017/pab.2024.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2024.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Paleozoic represents a key time interval in the origins and early diversification of chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes), but their diversity and macroevolution are largely obscured by heterogenous spatial and temporal sampling. The predominantly cartilaginous skeletons of chondrichthyans pose an additional limitation on their preservation potential and hence on the quality of their fossil record. Here, we use a newly compiled genus-level dataset and the application of sampling standardization methods to analyze global total-chondrichthyan diversity dynamics through time from their first appearance in the Ordovician through to the end of the Permian. Subsampled estimates of chondrichthyan genus richness were initially low in the Ordovician and Silurian but increased substantially in the Early Devonian. Richness reached its maximum in the middle Carboniferous before dropping across the Carboniferous/Permian boundary and gradually decreasing throughout the Permian. Sampling is higher in both the Devonian and Carboniferous compared with the Silurian and most of the Permian stages. Shark-like scales from the Ordovician are too limited to allow for some of the subsampling techniques. Our results detect two Paleozoic radiations in chondrichthyan diversity: the first in the earliest Devonian, led by acanthodians (stem-group chondrichthyans), which then decline rapidly by the Late Devonian, and the second in the earliest Carboniferous, led by holocephalans, which increase greatly in richness across the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary. Dispersal of chondrichthyans, specifically holocephalans, into deeper-water environments may reflect a niche expansion following the faunal displacement in the aftermath of the Hangenberg extinction event at the end of the Devonian.</p>","PeriodicalId":54646,"journal":{"name":"Paleobiology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140128236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stratigraphic paleobiology 地层古生物学
IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2024.2
Steven M. Holland, Mark E. Patzkowsky, Katharine M. Loughney

Stratigraphic paleobiology uses a modern understanding of the construction of the stratigraphic record—from beds to depositional sequences to sedimentary basins—to interpret patterns and guide sampling strategies in the fossil record. Over the past 25 years, its principles have been established primarily through forward numerical modeling, originally in shallow-marine systems and more recently in nonmarine systems. Predictions of these models have been tested through outcrop-scale and basin-scale field studies, which have also revealed new insights. At multi-basin and global scales, understanding the joint development of the biotic and sedimentary records has come largely from macrostratigraphy, the analysis of gap-bound packages of sedimentary rock. Here, we present recent advances in six major areas of stratigraphic paleobiology, including critical tests in the Po Plain of Italy, mass extinctions and recoveries, contrasts of shallow-marine and nonmarine systems, the interrelationships of habitats and stratigraphic architecture, large-scale stratigraphic architecture, and the assembly of regional ecosystems. We highlight the potential for future research that applies stratigraphic paleobiological concepts to studies of climate change, geochemistry, phylogenetics, and the large-scale structure of the fossil record. We conclude with the need for more stratigraphic thinking in paleobiology.

地层古生物学利用对地层记录构造的现代理解--从海床到沉积序列再到沉积盆地--来解释化石记录的模式并指导取样策略。在过去的 25 年中,其原理主要是通过前向数值建模建立起来的,最初是在浅海系统中,最近则是在非海洋系统中。这些模型的预测结果通过露头尺度和盆地尺度的实地研究得到了验证,同时也揭示了新的见解。在多海盆和全球尺度上,对生物记录和沉积记录共同发展的理解主要来自宏观地层学,即对沉积岩间隙包的分析。在此,我们将介绍地层古生物学六个主要领域的最新进展,包括意大利波河平原的关键测试、大规模灭绝与恢复、浅海与非海洋系统的对比、栖息地与地层结构的相互关系、大尺度地层结构以及区域生态系统的组合。我们强调了未来将地层古生物学概念应用于气候变化、地球化学、系统发生学和化石记录大尺度结构研究的潜力。最后,我们认为古生物学需要更多的地层学思考。
{"title":"Stratigraphic paleobiology","authors":"Steven M. Holland, Mark E. Patzkowsky, Katharine M. Loughney","doi":"10.1017/pab.2024.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2024.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stratigraphic paleobiology uses a modern understanding of the construction of the stratigraphic record—from beds to depositional sequences to sedimentary basins—to interpret patterns and guide sampling strategies in the fossil record. Over the past 25 years, its principles have been established primarily through forward numerical modeling, originally in shallow-marine systems and more recently in nonmarine systems. Predictions of these models have been tested through outcrop-scale and basin-scale field studies, which have also revealed new insights. At multi-basin and global scales, understanding the joint development of the biotic and sedimentary records has come largely from macrostratigraphy, the analysis of gap-bound packages of sedimentary rock. Here, we present recent advances in six major areas of stratigraphic paleobiology, including critical tests in the Po Plain of Italy, mass extinctions and recoveries, contrasts of shallow-marine and nonmarine systems, the interrelationships of habitats and stratigraphic architecture, large-scale stratigraphic architecture, and the assembly of regional ecosystems. We highlight the potential for future research that applies stratigraphic paleobiological concepts to studies of climate change, geochemistry, phylogenetics, and the large-scale structure of the fossil record. We conclude with the need for more stratigraphic thinking in paleobiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":54646,"journal":{"name":"Paleobiology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Paleobiology
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1