Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2140722
C. Downs, W. Cresswell, Liza Monteiro, Joanne Bezuidenhout, Nina Freysen-Pretorious, Alan Tristram Kenneth Lee, Preshnee Singh, S. Willows‐Munro
Scientific conferences are essential for exchanging ideas and knowledge among scientific communities (Sarvenaz 2020). They are important for sharing new ideas, discussion and networking, and traditionally involve face-to-face, live interactions. However, the number of congresses that have been presented in an alternative virtual format has increased exponentially with the restrictions imposed by the global COVID-19 pandemic (N Freysen-Pretorious, pers. obs.; Kuehne et al. 2022). As a result, there has been a plethora of publications assessing the implications of changing to a virtual format for a diverse range of disciplines, including the biological sciences (Barral 2020; Pacchioni 2020; van der Wal et al. 2022; Skiles et al. 2022; Kuehne et al. 2022). Many highlight how these virtual conferences raise accessibility, inclusiveness, interactions, and affordability, especially for women and early-career researchers. In addition, many highlight that virtual conferences will provide shortand long-term benefits for scientific communities. ‘Online access during the pandemic widened participation in scientific conferences for women, young scientists and those from lowand middle-income countries, and should be continued.’ (Johnson 2022) But some publications have also highlighted the negatives of virtual conferences, in particular, how some people are less likely to submit an abstract or attend a virtual conference and how professional development can be hindered (Woodruff et al. 2021). The International Ornithologists’ Union (IOU) has convened the world’s largest summits on avian biology since its first Congress in 1884. The International Ornithological Congress is held every four years to promote international cooperation in ornithological research, and was meant to occur in person in Durban, South Africa, in 2022. The IOU partnered with the University of KwaZulu-Natal to organise the 28th IOCongress® from 15 to 19 August 2022. The 22nd Congress was first held in Africa in 1998 (Berruti 1998), and almost 25 years later, we were looking forward to hosting it again in Africa. The organisation began in 2020; however, in January 2022, the decision to go virtual was taken primarily because of the probability of COVID-19 disrupting travel, and the economic downturn made it likely that a live conference would result in a substantial financial loss to the organisers. The Conference Company contracted Centium Events Air to host the conference fully virtually. This was the first time this IOCongress had taken place virtually, and the pros and cons were carefully considered. We have documented some of these here.
{"title":"The pros and cons of a virtual conference: the first virtual International Ornithological Congress held in 2022","authors":"C. Downs, W. Cresswell, Liza Monteiro, Joanne Bezuidenhout, Nina Freysen-Pretorious, Alan Tristram Kenneth Lee, Preshnee Singh, S. Willows‐Munro","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2140722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2140722","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific conferences are essential for exchanging ideas and knowledge among scientific communities (Sarvenaz 2020). They are important for sharing new ideas, discussion and networking, and traditionally involve face-to-face, live interactions. However, the number of congresses that have been presented in an alternative virtual format has increased exponentially with the restrictions imposed by the global COVID-19 pandemic (N Freysen-Pretorious, pers. obs.; Kuehne et al. 2022). As a result, there has been a plethora of publications assessing the implications of changing to a virtual format for a diverse range of disciplines, including the biological sciences (Barral 2020; Pacchioni 2020; van der Wal et al. 2022; Skiles et al. 2022; Kuehne et al. 2022). Many highlight how these virtual conferences raise accessibility, inclusiveness, interactions, and affordability, especially for women and early-career researchers. In addition, many highlight that virtual conferences will provide shortand long-term benefits for scientific communities. ‘Online access during the pandemic widened participation in scientific conferences for women, young scientists and those from lowand middle-income countries, and should be continued.’ (Johnson 2022) But some publications have also highlighted the negatives of virtual conferences, in particular, how some people are less likely to submit an abstract or attend a virtual conference and how professional development can be hindered (Woodruff et al. 2021). The International Ornithologists’ Union (IOU) has convened the world’s largest summits on avian biology since its first Congress in 1884. The International Ornithological Congress is held every four years to promote international cooperation in ornithological research, and was meant to occur in person in Durban, South Africa, in 2022. The IOU partnered with the University of KwaZulu-Natal to organise the 28th IOCongress® from 15 to 19 August 2022. The 22nd Congress was first held in Africa in 1998 (Berruti 1998), and almost 25 years later, we were looking forward to hosting it again in Africa. The organisation began in 2020; however, in January 2022, the decision to go virtual was taken primarily because of the probability of COVID-19 disrupting travel, and the economic downturn made it likely that a live conference would result in a substantial financial loss to the organisers. The Conference Company contracted Centium Events Air to host the conference fully virtually. This was the first time this IOCongress had taken place virtually, and the pros and cons were carefully considered. We have documented some of these here.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"217 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46051416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2145383
Alan T. K. Lee, Sophie AJ Hammer
Many species of migratory birds have been declining on the Palearctic-African flyways in recent decades due to human population pressure and land-use intensification. Models predict that the declining trends of migratory birds will continue into the foreseeable future across much of Africa, likely exacerbated by climate change. While sub-Saharan Africa is viewed as less important for these migrants than the Sahel, the region still receives many migrant species. We use the citizen science Southern African Bird Atlas Project data sets (SABAP1 and SABAP2) to determine relative change between atlas periods (1987–1991; 2007–2021). Firstly, we validate our metrics of population change on a dataset of 581 species that occur frequently in South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini by examining change in relation to migratory status (Palearctic, Intra-Africa or Resident) and other species’ traits. We found greatest declines in migrants but with magnitudes not as great as expected, with largest relative decreases for Palearctic migrants, and little difference between Intra-Africa migrants and residents. Declines were best described by size independent of migratory status, even when controlling for phylogeny. For the set of Palearctic migrants, we then examine if change is related to Northern Hemisphere distribution. We found greater decreases for birds with breeding grounds in southern Asia (India and south-eastern Asia) relative to Europe. These results are useful for conservation agencies wishing to extend ties to relevant researchers and conservationists in these regions, and highlights potential challenge areas for this set of birds on their breeding grounds.
{"title":"A comparison of migrant and resident bird population changes in South Africa using citizen science data: trends in relation to Northern Hemisphere distribution","authors":"Alan T. K. Lee, Sophie AJ Hammer","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2145383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2145383","url":null,"abstract":"Many species of migratory birds have been declining on the Palearctic-African flyways in recent decades due to human population pressure and land-use intensification. Models predict that the declining trends of migratory birds will continue into the foreseeable future across much of Africa, likely exacerbated by climate change. While sub-Saharan Africa is viewed as less important for these migrants than the Sahel, the region still receives many migrant species. We use the citizen science Southern African Bird Atlas Project data sets (SABAP1 and SABAP2) to determine relative change between atlas periods (1987–1991; 2007–2021). Firstly, we validate our metrics of population change on a dataset of 581 species that occur frequently in South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini by examining change in relation to migratory status (Palearctic, Intra-Africa or Resident) and other species’ traits. We found greatest declines in migrants but with magnitudes not as great as expected, with largest relative decreases for Palearctic migrants, and little difference between Intra-Africa migrants and residents. Declines were best described by size independent of migratory status, even when controlling for phylogeny. For the set of Palearctic migrants, we then examine if change is related to Northern Hemisphere distribution. We found greater decreases for birds with breeding grounds in southern Asia (India and south-eastern Asia) relative to Europe. These results are useful for conservation agencies wishing to extend ties to relevant researchers and conservationists in these regions, and highlights potential challenge areas for this set of birds on their breeding grounds.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"160 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44388791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17eCollection Date: 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2022.10.003
Frédéric Dallaire
{"title":"Sounder Reporting of Study Results by Systematic Screening for Erroneous Interpretation of <i>P</i> Values and Statistical Tests in Cardiology.","authors":"Frédéric Dallaire","doi":"10.1016/j.cjcpc.2022.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjcpc.2022.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"15 1","pages":"245-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10642109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80884294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2113167
Taiwo A Adams, S. Ivande, M. Wilson
To advance our knowledge about the nonbreeding ecology of the Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis, this study investigated its population dynamics, habitat utilisation and foraging behaviour, from October to December 2018, in and around the Amurum Forest Reserve, located in the guinea savannah zone of Nigeria, West Africa. The study area comprises four main habitat types: gallery forest, rocky outcrop, savannah and farmland. Distance sampling along six transect lines (total length ∼14.2 km) were used to estimate Tree Pipit abundance and density, while habitat utilisation and foraging behaviour were determined from 222 focal observations. Tree Pipit density in the study area averaged about 1 ind. ha-1 and differed significantly between habitats, being highest in savannah, followed by rocky outcrop, farmland and gallery forest. The vegetation characteristics percentage of grass cover, fruiting and flowering plants, and shrubs, as well as insect abundance, significantly influenced the distribution of Tree Pipits in the reserve. Tree Pipits were seen capturing their prey using two foraging techniques, of which gleaning on the ground was the most frequently observed. Variation in Tree Pipit abundance across the three-month study period suggests that many may have been on passage, with relatively few individuals remaining in the area as winter residents.
{"title":"Aspects of the nonbreeding ecology of the Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis in and around Amurum Forest Reserve, Jos Plateau, Nigeria","authors":"Taiwo A Adams, S. Ivande, M. Wilson","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2113167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2113167","url":null,"abstract":"To advance our knowledge about the nonbreeding ecology of the Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis, this study investigated its population dynamics, habitat utilisation and foraging behaviour, from October to December 2018, in and around the Amurum Forest Reserve, located in the guinea savannah zone of Nigeria, West Africa. The study area comprises four main habitat types: gallery forest, rocky outcrop, savannah and farmland. Distance sampling along six transect lines (total length ∼14.2 km) were used to estimate Tree Pipit abundance and density, while habitat utilisation and foraging behaviour were determined from 222 focal observations. Tree Pipit density in the study area averaged about 1 ind. ha-1 and differed significantly between habitats, being highest in savannah, followed by rocky outcrop, farmland and gallery forest. The vegetation characteristics percentage of grass cover, fruiting and flowering plants, and shrubs, as well as insect abundance, significantly influenced the distribution of Tree Pipits in the reserve. Tree Pipits were seen capturing their prey using two foraging techniques, of which gleaning on the ground was the most frequently observed. Variation in Tree Pipit abundance across the three-month study period suggests that many may have been on passage, with relatively few individuals remaining in the area as winter residents.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"187 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43927691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2128559
R. Mark Brigham, Peter Locke
Ostrich is co-published by NISC (Pty) Ltd and Informa UK Limited (trading as Taylor & Francis Group) Hilery Desmond Jackson, called Desmond and known as Des, was the only son of Clifford and Pat Jackson. He was born on 9 March 1935, in Balfour, Transvaal South Africa. He matriculated in 1951 with a distinction in mathematics. His early working career featured stints at the Department of Justice in Pretoria, then Coronation Collieries in Witbank where he was a Learner Official, doing mainly surveying. He spent 1954 doing the first year of a BSc (Mining Engineering) before returning to Coronation Collieries in 1955. He worked for the City of Johannesburg in 1956 as Technical Assistant doing surveying and drafting, mainly on road layouts, sewerage and water reticulations. He spent two years in Witbank in the same capacity. In 1959, Des joined the Grain Marketing Board of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in Salisbury (now Harare) as a planning officer, and remained there until 1969. As a young man, Des spent much time flying for recreation and bird watching. The latter eventually became his primary pursuit and led to his career in ornithology. He was hired by the National Museums of Rhodesia as Keeper of Zoology in Umtali in 1970 and, when the long serving Curator of Umtali Museum (Donald Broadley) opted to relinquish his administrative role and revert to Keeper of Herpetology in 1973, the reins were handed over to Des who remained in that post until 1978. (Keepers of a department and Curators of museums were subsequently re-designated as Curators and Directors respectively.) He spent until 1974 collecting, processing and doing research on zoological specimens and undertaking an avifaunal survey of the Umtali Municipal Area, in particular the nightjars. Field expeditions took him all over Rhodesia and Malawi, and to parts of Zambia, Mozambique and Kenya. Detailed fieldwork on nightjars was carried out 50 km south of Umtali for several months each year from 1972 to 1975. After 1974, he focussed on Museum administration and development. As was his approach to all tasks, Des accepted the challenge with relish and introduced many new concepts and ideas into the running of the museum and, especially, the manner in which it interacted with the local community. This was a novel idea and Des was ahead of his time in this respect. He maintained that he wanted to dispel the stereotypical image of a Museum Curator as a bespectacled man in a white dust coat with a yellow duster in hand! Des correctly understood that for a museum to be successful in a small community, the local population needed to share and participate in its activities. To this end he created the Umtali Museum Scientific and Cultural Association (UMSCA), which all the small and fragmented clubs and societies in the city were invited to join. Under UMSCA’s ‘umbrella’, the clubs that were not viable on their own, joined forces, had a permanent meeting place, and contributed to a monthly magazine
Ostrich由NISC（Pty）Ltd和Informa UK Limited（交易名称为Taylor&Francis Group）共同出版。Hilery Desmond Jackson，又名Desmond，是Clifford和Pat Jackson的独子。1935年3月9日，他出生在南非德兰士瓦州的巴尔福尔。1951年，他以优异的数学成绩被录取。他早期的工作生涯包括在比勒陀利亚的司法部工作，然后在威特班克的加冕煤矿工作，在那里他是一名学习官员，主要从事调查工作。1954年，他攻读了采矿工程学士学位的第一年，1955年回到加冕煤矿。1956年，他在约翰内斯堡市担任技术助理，主要从事道路布局、污水处理和水网的勘测和绘图工作。他以同样的身份在威特班克呆了两年。1959年，德斯加入位于索尔兹伯里（现哈拉雷）的南罗得西亚（现津巴布韦）粮食营销委员会，担任规划官员，并一直任职至1969年。作为一个年轻人，德斯花了很多时间飞行娱乐和观鸟。后者最终成为他的主要追求，并导致了他的鸟类学生涯。1970年，他被罗德西亚国家博物馆聘为乌姆塔利的动物管理员。1973年，长期任职的乌姆塔利博物馆馆长唐纳德·布罗德利（Donald Broadley）选择放弃行政职务，重新担任Herpetology管理员时，权力移交给了德斯，他一直担任该职位，直到1978年。（一个部门的管理员和博物馆的馆长随后分别被重新指定为馆长和馆长。）直到1974年，他一直在收集、处理和研究动物标本，并对乌姆塔利市辖区进行鸟类调查，尤其是夜壶。实地考察将他带到了罗德西亚和马拉维，以及赞比亚、莫桑比克和肯尼亚的部分地区。从1972年到1975年，每年在乌姆塔利以南50公里处对夜壶进行几个月的详细实地调查。1974年后，他专注于博物馆的管理和发展。正如他处理所有任务的方法一样，德斯津津有味地接受了挑战，并在博物馆的运营中引入了许多新的概念和想法，尤其是博物馆与当地社区互动的方式。这是一个新颖的想法，德斯在这方面走在了时代的前面。他坚持说，他想消除博物馆馆长的刻板印象，他是一个戴眼镜的人，穿着白色防尘服，手里拿着黄色抹布！Des正确地理解，博物馆要想在一个小社区取得成功，当地民众需要分享和参与其活动。为此，他创建了乌姆塔利博物馆科学文化协会（UMSCA），邀请该市所有小型和分散的俱乐部和协会加入。在UMSCA的“保护伞”下，那些无法独立生存的俱乐部联合起来，拥有一个永久的会议场所，并为博物馆制作和发行的月刊撰稿。鼓励俱乐部在博物馆举办展览，特别是马尼卡兰艺术家协会，并举办年度活动，所有成员都向公众展示。这一概念让社区对博物馆产生了强烈的“归属感”，并消除了博物馆被视为象牙塔机构的神话。Des还认识到，为了克服人们认为博物馆的展品是静态的、不变的，从而使重复参观变得没有必要，临时展览计划将定期刺激游客参观。这一想法发展成为与哈拉雷国家美术馆的持久关系，他们所有的巡回艺术展览都访问了穆塔雷（1980年独立后，乌姆塔利更名为穆塔雷），有效地将穆塔雷博物馆变成了美术馆的外联部门。虽然德斯本质上主要是一名科学研究人员，但当现任国家博物馆和古迹执行主任于1978年辞职，德斯被任命为该职位时，他的管理技能得到了认可。这意味着从穆塔雷搬到哈拉雷，这是一个相当大的牺牲，因为德斯和他的妻子Joy（née Stopforth饰）把穆塔雷作为了他们的家。然而，德斯充满活力地接受了这个新职位。1978年，根据他的研究和出版记录，他还被纳塔尔大学（南非彼得马里茨堡）录取，获得了动物学硕士学位。他于1984年获得该学位。他担任执行主任的第一个成就是谈判将开普敦南非博物馆收藏的皂石津巴布韦鸟归还其在津巴布韦的合法家园。这是通过交换布拉瓦约国家博物馆昆虫学收藏馆的膜翅目标本来实现的。虽然这主要是一个政治上权宜之计的讣告
{"title":"Hilery Desmond Jackson: ornithologist and museologist","authors":"R. Mark Brigham, Peter Locke","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2128559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2128559","url":null,"abstract":"Ostrich is co-published by NISC (Pty) Ltd and Informa UK Limited (trading as Taylor & Francis Group) Hilery Desmond Jackson, called Desmond and known as Des, was the only son of Clifford and Pat Jackson. He was born on 9 March 1935, in Balfour, Transvaal South Africa. He matriculated in 1951 with a distinction in mathematics. His early working career featured stints at the Department of Justice in Pretoria, then Coronation Collieries in Witbank where he was a Learner Official, doing mainly surveying. He spent 1954 doing the first year of a BSc (Mining Engineering) before returning to Coronation Collieries in 1955. He worked for the City of Johannesburg in 1956 as Technical Assistant doing surveying and drafting, mainly on road layouts, sewerage and water reticulations. He spent two years in Witbank in the same capacity. In 1959, Des joined the Grain Marketing Board of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in Salisbury (now Harare) as a planning officer, and remained there until 1969. As a young man, Des spent much time flying for recreation and bird watching. The latter eventually became his primary pursuit and led to his career in ornithology. He was hired by the National Museums of Rhodesia as Keeper of Zoology in Umtali in 1970 and, when the long serving Curator of Umtali Museum (Donald Broadley) opted to relinquish his administrative role and revert to Keeper of Herpetology in 1973, the reins were handed over to Des who remained in that post until 1978. (Keepers of a department and Curators of museums were subsequently re-designated as Curators and Directors respectively.) He spent until 1974 collecting, processing and doing research on zoological specimens and undertaking an avifaunal survey of the Umtali Municipal Area, in particular the nightjars. Field expeditions took him all over Rhodesia and Malawi, and to parts of Zambia, Mozambique and Kenya. Detailed fieldwork on nightjars was carried out 50 km south of Umtali for several months each year from 1972 to 1975. After 1974, he focussed on Museum administration and development. As was his approach to all tasks, Des accepted the challenge with relish and introduced many new concepts and ideas into the running of the museum and, especially, the manner in which it interacted with the local community. This was a novel idea and Des was ahead of his time in this respect. He maintained that he wanted to dispel the stereotypical image of a Museum Curator as a bespectacled man in a white dust coat with a yellow duster in hand! Des correctly understood that for a museum to be successful in a small community, the local population needed to share and participate in its activities. To this end he created the Umtali Museum Scientific and Cultural Association (UMSCA), which all the small and fragmented clubs and societies in the city were invited to join. Under UMSCA’s ‘umbrella’, the clubs that were not viable on their own, joined forces, had a permanent meeting place, and contributed to a monthly magazine ","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"292 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43444587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2103195
J. Ramírez, Javier Elorriaga, Andrés de la Cruz
The biology of the Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus is well known across its breeding range, and the species’ dispersal and movements throughout Europe are widely recorded. However, the ecology of this vulture south of the Mediterranean Sea has been overlooked, probably owing to the belief that the presence of Cinereous Vultures in North Africa derives from dispersal behaviour. Data from raptor watch records demonstrate a pattern of Cinereous Vultures flying to Africa in the autumn and returning to Europe in the spring, which does not fit with a dispersal movement. Furthermore, once in Africa, the destination of Cinereous Vultures is the Sahel Belt, where other vulture species, namely the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus and Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus, also overwinter.
{"title":"Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus movements between Europe and Africa show a pattern across the Strait of Gibraltar","authors":"J. Ramírez, Javier Elorriaga, Andrés de la Cruz","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2103195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2103195","url":null,"abstract":"The biology of the Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus is well known across its breeding range, and the species’ dispersal and movements throughout Europe are widely recorded. However, the ecology of this vulture south of the Mediterranean Sea has been overlooked, probably owing to the belief that the presence of Cinereous Vultures in North Africa derives from dispersal behaviour. Data from raptor watch records demonstrate a pattern of Cinereous Vultures flying to Africa in the autumn and returning to Europe in the spring, which does not fit with a dispersal movement. Furthermore, once in Africa, the destination of Cinereous Vultures is the Sahel Belt, where other vulture species, namely the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus and Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus, also overwinter.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"151 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42715127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2110535
Zanri Strydom, L. Waller, Mark Brown, H. Fritz, J. Venter
The breeding range of the Cape Gannet Morus capensis currently extends to six of the ten islands formerly utilised by this species. The Cape Gannet is classified as an endangered species with a rapidly declining population. Since the mid-1950s, the global population has declined by 51% due to multiple causes, including egg predation by the Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus vetula. To assess the effect of this predation, we monitored 100 nests over an 11-week period in 2018 at the Lambert’s Bay colony in South Africa. To assess the effect of selective predator removal on the likelihood of predation, data were collected from 2006 and 2018. Our objective was to assess whether nest location and predator removal affected the likelihood of egg predation. The peripheral nests saw a higher level of egg loss (average 1.5 eggs per week) compared with the central nests (average 1 egg per week). Predator control of Kelp Gulls was implemented in 2015, 2017 and 2018. Between years, selective culling decreased the number of Cape Gannet eggs predated. However, within years, except for 2015, the predation rate on Cape Gannet eggs increased post-culling during the same year of implementation. In all three of the implementation years, predation started again (within 48 hours) after the culling commenced. Predation by this indigenous gull species is natural; however, certain human activities might have supported larger populations of Kelp Gulls leading to elevated predation intensity. The most notable being the ever-increasing existence of dumpsites and other sources of food. Predation is affecting the Cape Gannet breeding population; therefore, we suggest that an alternative, long-term, and sustainable solution be planned and implemented to reduce the effects thereof.
{"title":"The influence of nest location and the effect of predator removal on Cape Gannet Morus capensis egg predation by Kelp Gulls Larus dominicanus vetula","authors":"Zanri Strydom, L. Waller, Mark Brown, H. Fritz, J. Venter","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2110535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2110535","url":null,"abstract":"The breeding range of the Cape Gannet Morus capensis currently extends to six of the ten islands formerly utilised by this species. The Cape Gannet is classified as an endangered species with a rapidly declining population. Since the mid-1950s, the global population has declined by 51% due to multiple causes, including egg predation by the Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus vetula. To assess the effect of this predation, we monitored 100 nests over an 11-week period in 2018 at the Lambert’s Bay colony in South Africa. To assess the effect of selective predator removal on the likelihood of predation, data were collected from 2006 and 2018. Our objective was to assess whether nest location and predator removal affected the likelihood of egg predation. The peripheral nests saw a higher level of egg loss (average 1.5 eggs per week) compared with the central nests (average 1 egg per week). Predator control of Kelp Gulls was implemented in 2015, 2017 and 2018. Between years, selective culling decreased the number of Cape Gannet eggs predated. However, within years, except for 2015, the predation rate on Cape Gannet eggs increased post-culling during the same year of implementation. In all three of the implementation years, predation started again (within 48 hours) after the culling commenced. Predation by this indigenous gull species is natural; however, certain human activities might have supported larger populations of Kelp Gulls leading to elevated predation intensity. The most notable being the ever-increasing existence of dumpsites and other sources of food. Predation is affecting the Cape Gannet breeding population; therefore, we suggest that an alternative, long-term, and sustainable solution be planned and implemented to reduce the effects thereof.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"120 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44181340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2114640
Alan T. K. Lee
Ostrich is co-published by NISC (Pty) Ltd and Informa UK Limited (trading as Taylor & Francis Group) This year the Cape Gannet Morus capensis has been chosen as South Africa’s Bird of the Year. A beautiful coastal bird, I have seen these foraging in large flocks which give the impression they are common and doing well, and so it has been concerning to learn that the species is Endangered, with ongoing population declines on its island colonies. The population is under pressure for food resources, as well as from natural predators, as we learn in Strydom et al. (2022). Koopman (2022) quotes this text as a description from over 100 years ago: ‘The Malagash, as it is called by the Colonists, or Common Gannet of South Africa, frequents, in countless thousands, the whole of our coastline....’. It is certainly countable in 2022 and becoming more so with passing time with fewer and fewer to count. This is a depressing situation, and yet another unfolding ecological tragedy. Learning about Cape Gannet made me sad, but it is not the only thing. Unfortunately, it appears we live in ‘interesting times’ as per the alleged Chinese curse. The past two years have been torrid, and I suspect few have not been affected by inconvenience at least, or the loss of loved ones at worst, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns. As I write, the situation in Europe is very unsettled with the invasion of Ukraine by Russia. All this is set against the backdrop of climate change, with a mounting portfolio of associated disasters. Over the last decade we’ve also seen political polarisation, and a backlash against everything deemed to be too ‘left’, into which conservation initiatives are frequently lumped (Scholes 2013). In Africa, we are seeing the loss of natural environments to a combination of urban and agricultural expansion, ‘big development’, alien vegetation encroachment, human population pressure, climate change impacts resulting in floods, fires and droughts (Lees et al. 2022). We’ve seen the terms ‘eco-anxiety’ and ‘ecological grief’ coined to describe how people with a connection to nature now feel when faced with the loss of something very close to them, something with which there is a real emotional bond (Cunsolo and Ellis 2018). Grief is a powerful emotion: a rip in the fabric of our reality, but unlike grief felt with the passing of a loved one, ecological grief never ends: each tragedy is replaced by the next (Read 2022). The past two years has seen a lot of media attention on mental health. United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres warned that psychological suffering will outlast the coronavirus crisis, stating on 13 May 2020: ‘Even when the pandemic is brought under control, grief, anxiety and depression will continue to affect people and communities’. But how did we feel before and how do we feel now? Can we detect a changing pattern of sentiment in the titles and abstracts of some scientific journals? Although those should by t
Ostrich由NISC（Pty）Ltd和Informa UK Limited（交易名称为Taylor&Francis Group）共同出版。今年，Gannet Morus capensis角被选为南非年度鸟类。作为一种美丽的沿海鸟类，我看到这些鸟成群结队地觅食，这给人的印象是它们很常见，而且做得很好，因此，得知该物种处于濒危状态，其岛屿群落的种群数量持续下降，我感到很担忧。正如我们在Strydom等人（2022）中了解到的那样，种群面临着食物资源和天敌的压力。库普曼（2022）引用了这段文字作为100多年前的描述：“殖民者称之为马拉加什人，或南非的共同甘尼特人，经常光顾我们的整个海岸线，成千上万……”。在2022年，它肯定是可以计数的，随着时间的推移，可计数的数量越来越少。这是一个令人沮丧的局面，也是另一场正在上演的生态悲剧。得知甘内特角让我很难过，但这并不是唯一的事情。不幸的是，按照所谓的中国诅咒，我们似乎生活在一个“有趣的时代”。过去两年是炎热的，我怀疑很少有人没有受到全球新冠肺炎大流行和相关封锁造成的不便的影响，最坏的情况是失去亲人。在我写这篇文章的时候，俄罗斯入侵乌克兰使欧洲局势非常不稳定。所有这些都是在气候变化的背景下发生的，相关灾害的组合不断增加。在过去的十年里，我们也看到了政治两极分化，以及对一切被认为过于“左”的东西的强烈反对，保护倡议经常被归为一类（Scholes 2013）。在非洲，我们看到自然环境因城市和农业扩张、“大开发”、外来植被侵占、人口压力、气候变化影响导致洪水、火灾和干旱而丧失（Lees等人，2022）。我们已经看到了“生态焦虑”和“生态悲伤”这两个术语，它们是用来描述与自然有联系的人在面对失去与他们非常亲近的东西时的感受的，与这些东西有着真正的情感纽带（Cunsolo和Ellis，2018）。悲伤是一种强大的情感：它撕裂了我们现实的结构，但与亲人去世时的悲伤不同，生态悲伤永远不会结束：每一场悲剧都会被下一场悲剧所取代（阅读2022）。在过去的两年里，媒体对心理健康进行了大量关注。联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯警告说，心理痛苦将持续到冠状病毒危机之后，他在2020年5月13日表示：“即使疫情得到控制，悲伤、焦虑和抑郁也将继续影响人们和社区”。但我们以前的感觉如何，现在的感觉如何？我们能从一些科学期刊的标题和摘要中发现情绪的变化模式吗？尽管根据他们的定义，这些主题应该是枯燥和无情感的，但保护生物学中的主题可能不是，尤其是如果它们涉及与灭绝风险和环境退化有关的主题。我试图通过文本挖掘和情感分析来回答这些自我强加的问题。文本挖掘是从文本中提取见解的过程。情感分析代表了一套工具来提取作者对主题的情感；从文本中提取作者情感意图的尝试。它试图以定量的方式从文本中释放情感。本文对一些发表在非洲鸟类学上的期刊以及一组比较期刊的标题和摘要内容进行了情感分析。当然，这篇文章将聚焦于《鸵鸟：非洲鸟类学杂志》，但也包括其他鸟类学杂志，特别是《国际鸟类保护组织》和《国际鸟类学会》，它们也发表了许多与非洲鸟类学相关的文章，通常主题与保护有关（Lee 2020）。同样，非洲动物学，尽管鸟类学文章也有少数。为了进行比较，我还查阅了《鸟类生物学杂志》（Journal of Avian Biology）和《保护生物学》（Conservation Biology。方法见附录1。态度
{"title":"How do we feel, African Ornithology? A sentiment analysis search for symptoms of eco-anxiety","authors":"Alan T. K. Lee","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2114640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2114640","url":null,"abstract":"Ostrich is co-published by NISC (Pty) Ltd and Informa UK Limited (trading as Taylor & Francis Group) This year the Cape Gannet Morus capensis has been chosen as South Africa’s Bird of the Year. A beautiful coastal bird, I have seen these foraging in large flocks which give the impression they are common and doing well, and so it has been concerning to learn that the species is Endangered, with ongoing population declines on its island colonies. The population is under pressure for food resources, as well as from natural predators, as we learn in Strydom et al. (2022). Koopman (2022) quotes this text as a description from over 100 years ago: ‘The Malagash, as it is called by the Colonists, or Common Gannet of South Africa, frequents, in countless thousands, the whole of our coastline....’. It is certainly countable in 2022 and becoming more so with passing time with fewer and fewer to count. This is a depressing situation, and yet another unfolding ecological tragedy. Learning about Cape Gannet made me sad, but it is not the only thing. Unfortunately, it appears we live in ‘interesting times’ as per the alleged Chinese curse. The past two years have been torrid, and I suspect few have not been affected by inconvenience at least, or the loss of loved ones at worst, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns. As I write, the situation in Europe is very unsettled with the invasion of Ukraine by Russia. All this is set against the backdrop of climate change, with a mounting portfolio of associated disasters. Over the last decade we’ve also seen political polarisation, and a backlash against everything deemed to be too ‘left’, into which conservation initiatives are frequently lumped (Scholes 2013). In Africa, we are seeing the loss of natural environments to a combination of urban and agricultural expansion, ‘big development’, alien vegetation encroachment, human population pressure, climate change impacts resulting in floods, fires and droughts (Lees et al. 2022). We’ve seen the terms ‘eco-anxiety’ and ‘ecological grief’ coined to describe how people with a connection to nature now feel when faced with the loss of something very close to them, something with which there is a real emotional bond (Cunsolo and Ellis 2018). Grief is a powerful emotion: a rip in the fabric of our reality, but unlike grief felt with the passing of a loved one, ecological grief never ends: each tragedy is replaced by the next (Read 2022). The past two years has seen a lot of media attention on mental health. United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres warned that psychological suffering will outlast the coronavirus crisis, stating on 13 May 2020: ‘Even when the pandemic is brought under control, grief, anxiety and depression will continue to affect people and communities’. But how did we feel before and how do we feel now? Can we detect a changing pattern of sentiment in the titles and abstracts of some scientific journals? Although those should by t","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"141 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47435381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2113926
Kezia Bowmaker-Falconer, A. Thiebault, M. Connan, T. Aubin, I. Charrier, P. Pistorius
Vocalisations play a vital role in animal communication, as they are involved in many biological functions such as mate selection, individual recognition and care of young. Seabirds often breed in large and dense colonies, making successful recognition between mates or between parents and offspring crucial for reproductive success. Acoustic signals have been shown to play an important role in this regard for several seabird species. Furthermore, most seabird species, including the Cape Gannet Morus capensis, are monomorphic, making sex identification for research challenging. Identifying individual and sexual signatures in their vocal productions could thus facilitate sex identification in the field. This study aimed to better understand the potential use of vocalisations for sex and individual recognition in Cape Gannets by describing the acoustic structure of their display calls at the nest. Vocalisations of nesting Cape Gannets were recorded over a two-week period. Acoustic measurements were extracted from 80 calls (16 individuals) and included 36 variables in both temporal and frequency domains. Twenty acoustic variables showed significant differences in vocalisations between male and female Cape Gannets. However, values of the fundamental frequency and the average of Inter-Onset-Interval (time elapsed between successive sound units) appeared to be the most important acoustic variables for sex determination. Both temporal and frequency parameters showed a potential for individual identity coding, again with the average units’ Inter-Onset- Interval being the most important variable for individual identification for both females and males. This study provides the first evidence of sex-specific and individual vocal signatures in adult breeding Cape Gannets enhancing our understanding of the role of the display calls in mate recognition. From an applied perspective, identified sex-specific differences could potentially be used as a non-invasive method for field-based sex-determination.
{"title":"Sexual and individual signatures are encoded in the temporal rate of Cape Gannet Morus capensis display calls","authors":"Kezia Bowmaker-Falconer, A. Thiebault, M. Connan, T. Aubin, I. Charrier, P. Pistorius","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2113926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2113926","url":null,"abstract":"Vocalisations play a vital role in animal communication, as they are involved in many biological functions such as mate selection, individual recognition and care of young. Seabirds often breed in large and dense colonies, making successful recognition between mates or between parents and offspring crucial for reproductive success. Acoustic signals have been shown to play an important role in this regard for several seabird species. Furthermore, most seabird species, including the Cape Gannet Morus capensis, are monomorphic, making sex identification for research challenging. Identifying individual and sexual signatures in their vocal productions could thus facilitate sex identification in the field. This study aimed to better understand the potential use of vocalisations for sex and individual recognition in Cape Gannets by describing the acoustic structure of their display calls at the nest. Vocalisations of nesting Cape Gannets were recorded over a two-week period. Acoustic measurements were extracted from 80 calls (16 individuals) and included 36 variables in both temporal and frequency domains. Twenty acoustic variables showed significant differences in vocalisations between male and female Cape Gannets. However, values of the fundamental frequency and the average of Inter-Onset-Interval (time elapsed between successive sound units) appeared to be the most important acoustic variables for sex determination. Both temporal and frequency parameters showed a potential for individual identity coding, again with the average units’ Inter-Onset- Interval being the most important variable for individual identification for both females and males. This study provides the first evidence of sex-specific and individual vocal signatures in adult breeding Cape Gannets enhancing our understanding of the role of the display calls in mate recognition. From an applied perspective, identified sex-specific differences could potentially be used as a non-invasive method for field-based sex-determination.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"106 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41635515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2066215
M. Mwale, D. Dalton, A. S. Kropff, Kim Labuschagne, Isa-Rita M. Russo, S. T. Osinubi
The Woodland Kingfisher Halcyon senegalensis is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa and occupies a wide variety of woodland and savannah habitat. Thus far, three subspecies have been described based on morphological variation. In the present study, using western, eastern and southern African populations, we examined the relationship between morphological and genetic divergence among two named subspecies, H. s. cyanoleuca and H. s. senegalensis, using three mitochondrial markers (CO1, Cytb, 16S) and two nuclear markers (FIB5 and RAG1). Southern birds showed clear evidence for morphological divergence, with a longer wing and tail length, when compared with eastern and western birds. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian methods identified two well-characterised genetic clusters, representing the two subspecies. We determined that H. s. senegalensis and H. s. cyanoleuca are closely related subspecies that split recently, approximately 0.66–1.31 MYA in the Pleistocene. Furthermore, genetic substructure was evident within H. s. senegalensis, with three distinct genetic clusters in each region. The separation between the Ghana+Gabon and Uganda lineages of H. s. senegalensis occurred approximately 0.12–0.57 MYA. Nuclear–mitochondrial discordance was detected, however, wherein the pattern of divergence was not detected in the RAG1 and FIB5 sequences. Our results suggest that climate change, biogeographic barriers and local adaptation has played a role in the diversification of Woodland Kingfishers in Africa.
{"title":"Genetic and morphological variation of Woodland Kingfisher Halcyon senegalensis reveals cryptic mitochondrial lineages and patterns of mitochondrial–nuclear discordance","authors":"M. Mwale, D. Dalton, A. S. Kropff, Kim Labuschagne, Isa-Rita M. Russo, S. T. Osinubi","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2066215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2066215","url":null,"abstract":"The Woodland Kingfisher Halcyon senegalensis is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa and occupies a wide variety of woodland and savannah habitat. Thus far, three subspecies have been described based on morphological variation. In the present study, using western, eastern and southern African populations, we examined the relationship between morphological and genetic divergence among two named subspecies, H. s. cyanoleuca and H. s. senegalensis, using three mitochondrial markers (CO1, Cytb, 16S) and two nuclear markers (FIB5 and RAG1). Southern birds showed clear evidence for morphological divergence, with a longer wing and tail length, when compared with eastern and western birds. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian methods identified two well-characterised genetic clusters, representing the two subspecies. We determined that H. s. senegalensis and H. s. cyanoleuca are closely related subspecies that split recently, approximately 0.66–1.31 MYA in the Pleistocene. Furthermore, genetic substructure was evident within H. s. senegalensis, with three distinct genetic clusters in each region. The separation between the Ghana+Gabon and Uganda lineages of H. s. senegalensis occurred approximately 0.12–0.57 MYA. Nuclear–mitochondrial discordance was detected, however, wherein the pattern of divergence was not detected in the RAG1 and FIB5 sequences. Our results suggest that climate change, biogeographic barriers and local adaptation has played a role in the diversification of Woodland Kingfishers in Africa.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"192 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45159745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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