Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2090769
C. Spottiswoode
{"title":"Gill Memorial Medal citation: Peter Ryan","authors":"C. Spottiswoode","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2090769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2090769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"147 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41453067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2068691
Joy Akpanta Ishong, Joseph K. Afrifa, Soladoye B. Iwajomo, Justus P. Deikumah, S. Ivande, W. Cresswell
Almost no systematic monitoring of bird population trends occurs in West Africa, despite rapid human population increase, habitat change, and climate change, making conservation planning problematic. We monitored bird population trends using constant-effort mist netting, in a newly protected area (Amurum Forest Reserve) on the outskirts of Jos, central Nigeria, from 2002 to 2019. We modelled the 18-year changes in trends of 10 Palearctic migrant and 41 common resident bird species and related this to any changes in annual environmental site quality using NDVI and rainfall data. The populations of most bird species were stable; 30% of migrants and 7% of residents increased, while 10% of migrants and 29% of residents declined moderately. Primary productivity, measured by NDVI, increased, and rainfall pattern was stable, suggesting that environmental conditions at the site improved slightly during the period. However, only a few species showed significant correlations of population trends with NDVI and rainfall. Overall, our results suggest that population changes were locally similar for both the Afro-Palearctic and resident bird species, being reasonably stable or increasing — although perhaps this reflected the fact that the monitoring was done within a newly protected area, which at present represents the best habitat in the wider locality. Those species that declined were mostly associated with open, grassland areas, which will have decreased as anthropogenic influences were reduced at the study site. Though we only monitored one site, the results are encouraging in that simple protection of a small habitat fragment (∼300 ha) in Nigeria yielded generally positive population benefits for both resident and Palearctic migrant species.
{"title":"Population trends of resident and migrant West African bird species monitored over an 18-year period in central Nigeria","authors":"Joy Akpanta Ishong, Joseph K. Afrifa, Soladoye B. Iwajomo, Justus P. Deikumah, S. Ivande, W. Cresswell","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2068691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2068691","url":null,"abstract":"Almost no systematic monitoring of bird population trends occurs in West Africa, despite rapid human population increase, habitat change, and climate change, making conservation planning problematic. We monitored bird population trends using constant-effort mist netting, in a newly protected area (Amurum Forest Reserve) on the outskirts of Jos, central Nigeria, from 2002 to 2019. We modelled the 18-year changes in trends of 10 Palearctic migrant and 41 common resident bird species and related this to any changes in annual environmental site quality using NDVI and rainfall data. The populations of most bird species were stable; 30% of migrants and 7% of residents increased, while 10% of migrants and 29% of residents declined moderately. Primary productivity, measured by NDVI, increased, and rainfall pattern was stable, suggesting that environmental conditions at the site improved slightly during the period. However, only a few species showed significant correlations of population trends with NDVI and rainfall. Overall, our results suggest that population changes were locally similar for both the Afro-Palearctic and resident bird species, being reasonably stable or increasing — although perhaps this reflected the fact that the monitoring was done within a newly protected area, which at present represents the best habitat in the wider locality. Those species that declined were mostly associated with open, grassland areas, which will have decreased as anthropogenic influences were reduced at the study site. Though we only monitored one site, the results are encouraging in that simple protection of a small habitat fragment (∼300 ha) in Nigeria yielded generally positive population benefits for both resident and Palearctic migrant species.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"171 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43404878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2082576
A. Koopman
The gannet species found in the northern hemisphere can be fully identified as the Northern Gannet Morus bassanus in the family Sulidae. This full identity reveals four historical themes which intertwine to produce a number of historical and current names for both the Northern Gannet and the Cape Gannet Morus capensis. These four themes are (1) the ‘goose’ theme, which traces the word ‘goose’ back to its Sanskrit origin hainsas, and which over centuries has spawned linguistically related words like gander, gannet and the erstwhile Latin family name Anseridae; (2) the ‘sula’ theme, which traces the echoes of the Old Norse word súla ‘gannet’, giving a number of names for the Northern Gannet in various European languages, as well as the family name Sulidae; (3) the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth in Scotland, associated with the Northern Gannet for centuries and responsible for the specific epithet bassanus; and (4) notions of various seabirds being foolish or silly, leading to the generic name Morus, and various names for seabirds such as the current Afrikaans malgas (Cape Gannet) and the historical mallemuck, and variants for various species of albatross. In this diachronic review of these four themes, a special look is taken of names for the Cape Gannet as recorded in the ships’ logs of early mariners rounding and landing at the Cape in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Here Portuguese names like Mangas de Veludo (‘velvet sleeves’) are also recorded. The article concludes by looking at echoes of these four themes in the names of the Australasian Gannet Morus serrator.
在北半球发现的塘鹅种类可以完全确定为苏利科北塘鹅(northern gannet Morus bassanus)。这个完整的身份揭示了四个历史主题，这些主题交织在一起，为北方塘鹅和角塘鹅Morus capensis产生了许多历史和当前的名称。这四个主题是:(1)“鹅”主题，它可以追溯到“鹅”这个词的梵语起源hainsas，几个世纪以来，它产生了语言学上相关的词，如gander、gannet和以前的拉丁姓氏Anseridae;(2)“sula”主题，它追溯到古斯堪的纳维亚语súla“塘鹅”的回声，在各种欧洲语言中为北塘鹅提供了许多名称，以及家族名称Sulidae;(3)苏格兰福斯湾的贝斯岩(Bass Rock)，几个世纪以来一直与北塘鹅(Northern Gannet)联系在一起，并被称为bassanus;(4)各种海鸟都是愚蠢或愚蠢的概念，导致了Morus的通用名称，以及海鸟的各种名称，如现在的南非荷兰语malgas(甘尼特角)和历史上的mallemuck，以及各种信天翁的变体。在对这四个主题的历时性回顾中，我们特别关注了17世纪和18世纪早期在好望角航行并登陆的水手的航海日志中记录的塘鹅角的名字。这里也有葡萄牙语的名字，比如Mangas de Veludo(天鹅绒袖子)。文章最后通过观察这四个主题在澳大拉西亚塘鹅的名字中的呼应。
{"title":"The names and naming of gannets comprising the genus Morus (family Sulidae)","authors":"A. Koopman","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2082576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2082576","url":null,"abstract":"The gannet species found in the northern hemisphere can be fully identified as the Northern Gannet Morus bassanus in the family Sulidae. This full identity reveals four historical themes which intertwine to produce a number of historical and current names for both the Northern Gannet and the Cape Gannet Morus capensis. These four themes are (1) the ‘goose’ theme, which traces the word ‘goose’ back to its Sanskrit origin hainsas, and which over centuries has spawned linguistically related words like gander, gannet and the erstwhile Latin family name Anseridae; (2) the ‘sula’ theme, which traces the echoes of the Old Norse word súla ‘gannet’, giving a number of names for the Northern Gannet in various European languages, as well as the family name Sulidae; (3) the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth in Scotland, associated with the Northern Gannet for centuries and responsible for the specific epithet bassanus; and (4) notions of various seabirds being foolish or silly, leading to the generic name Morus, and various names for seabirds such as the current Afrikaans malgas (Cape Gannet) and the historical mallemuck, and variants for various species of albatross. In this diachronic review of these four themes, a special look is taken of names for the Cape Gannet as recorded in the ships’ logs of early mariners rounding and landing at the Cape in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Here Portuguese names like Mangas de Veludo (‘velvet sleeves’) are also recorded. The article concludes by looking at echoes of these four themes in the names of the Australasian Gannet Morus serrator.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"99 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44657249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-07DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2075482
B. Bonnevie, A. Craig, P. Hulley, A. Schultz, A. J. Tree
{"title":"Wing-moult and seasonal occurrence of sunbirds (Nectariniidae) captured at four sites in the Eastern Cape, South Africa","authors":"B. Bonnevie, A. Craig, P. Hulley, A. Schultz, A. J. Tree","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2075482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2075482","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41843571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-03DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2079011
H. Oschadleus
The Pygmy Falcon Polihierax semitorquatus does not build its own nest but is an obligate user of the nests of colonial birds for roosting and breeding. The nests of various weavers and starlings have been listed, suggesting a wide range of hosts used by the Pygmy Falcon. A search for original references of host use, however, suggests a high degree of host specificity. The two disjunct populations of Pygmy Falcon each specialise on a single weaver host, namely the Sociable Weaver Philetairus socius in the southern population, and the White-headed Buffalo Weaver Dinemellia dinemelli in the eastern population. There are incidental records of roosting or breeding in the nests of the White-browed Sparrow-Weaver Plocepasser mahali and Red-billed Buffalo Weaver Bubalornis niger. No records of Pygmy Falcons using starling nests have been confirmed.
{"title":"Host specificity of the Pygmy Falcon Polihierax semitorquatus: a review","authors":"H. Oschadleus","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2079011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2079011","url":null,"abstract":"The Pygmy Falcon Polihierax semitorquatus does not build its own nest but is an obligate user of the nests of colonial birds for roosting and breeding. The nests of various weavers and starlings have been listed, suggesting a wide range of hosts used by the Pygmy Falcon. A search for original references of host use, however, suggests a high degree of host specificity. The two disjunct populations of Pygmy Falcon each specialise on a single weaver host, namely the Sociable Weaver Philetairus socius in the southern population, and the White-headed Buffalo Weaver Dinemellia dinemelli in the eastern population. There are incidental records of roosting or breeding in the nests of the White-browed Sparrow-Weaver Plocepasser mahali and Red-billed Buffalo Weaver Bubalornis niger. No records of Pygmy Falcons using starling nests have been confirmed.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"91 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49413970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-03DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2072965
Fiona K Fern, Lindy J. Thompson, C. Downs
Most vulture species worldwide are in decline and of conservation concern. Despite the growing attention to vultures, relatively few studies have focused on their breeding behaviour. Understanding all aspects of a species’ behaviour and its behavioural needs could help to inform conservation efforts. Behavioural studies can be enhanced with the use of an ethogram that clearly defines and describes distinct behaviours. We present the first ethogram detailing the nesting and breeding behaviours of the Critically Endangered Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus, compiled from over 400 000 nest camera photographs and from hours of direct personal observations at nests in north-eastern South Africa. We describe 28 behaviours that Hooded Vultures exhibited in and around their nests, and these fell into five discrete categories: Movement, Resting, Body Care, Social, and Nesting. We also present 34 camera trap images depicting behaviours from within each category, and discuss the uses and limitations of behaviour-recording technologies. Many of these behavioural elements may be common across vulture species, and so this ethogram may be a useful starting point for other researchers studying vultures globally.
{"title":"An ethogram for the nesting and breeding behaviour of the Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus","authors":"Fiona K Fern, Lindy J. Thompson, C. Downs","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2072965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2072965","url":null,"abstract":"Most vulture species worldwide are in decline and of conservation concern. Despite the growing attention to vultures, relatively few studies have focused on their breeding behaviour. Understanding all aspects of a species’ behaviour and its behavioural needs could help to inform conservation efforts. Behavioural studies can be enhanced with the use of an ethogram that clearly defines and describes distinct behaviours. We present the first ethogram detailing the nesting and breeding behaviours of the Critically Endangered Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus, compiled from over 400 000 nest camera photographs and from hours of direct personal observations at nests in north-eastern South Africa. We describe 28 behaviours that Hooded Vultures exhibited in and around their nests, and these fell into five discrete categories: Movement, Resting, Body Care, Social, and Nesting. We also present 34 camera trap images depicting behaviours from within each category, and discuss the uses and limitations of behaviour-recording technologies. Many of these behavioural elements may be common across vulture species, and so this ethogram may be a useful starting point for other researchers studying vultures globally.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"129 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49667293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2063428
C. Vernon, W. Dean
Chukar Partridges Alectoris chukar were released at a few localities in South Africa and Zimbabwe with the aim of establishing viable populations that could contribute to a larger resource available to the ‘wing-shooting’ fraternity. Releases and introductions are poorly documented, and most information on where and when releases were done are not supported by references in the literature. None of the released Chukar Partridges survived to establish viable breeding populations lasting more than two years, apart from the introduction on Robben Island in the Western Cape in 1964. Predation, and perhaps haematozoan parasites, have possibly played a role in limiting the establishment of Chukar Partridges in southern Africa.
{"title":"The introduction of the Chukar Partridge Alectoris chukar to southern Africa","authors":"C. Vernon, W. Dean","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2063428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2063428","url":null,"abstract":"Chukar Partridges Alectoris chukar were released at a few localities in South Africa and Zimbabwe with the aim of establishing viable populations that could contribute to a larger resource available to the ‘wing-shooting’ fraternity. Releases and introductions are poorly documented, and most information on where and when releases were done are not supported by references in the literature. None of the released Chukar Partridges survived to establish viable breeding populations lasting more than two years, apart from the introduction on Robben Island in the Western Cape in 1964. Predation, and perhaps haematozoan parasites, have possibly played a role in limiting the establishment of Chukar Partridges in southern Africa.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"157 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41486635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2064930
A. Craig
Mixed-species flocks of foraging insectivorous birds are found worldwide and have been best studied in the Neotropical region. A survey of the published literature reveals that mixed-species flocks (often termed ‘bird parties’) comprised of 2–30 species and sometimes >70 individual birds are regularly encountered in forest and woodland habitats throughout the Afrotropical region. On mainland Africa, >600 species representing 59 bird families have been reported in such flocks, and for at least 300 species foraging in such flocks may constitute an important part of their feeding activity. In Madagascar, >60 species of 19 families have been recorded in mixed-species flocks, with more than 40 species frequent participants. These foraging parties are dominated by gleaning and sallying insectivorous birds, with other feeding guilds represented by fewer species and individuals. The main hypotheses to explain why birds participate in such flocks emphasise protection from predators while searching for food, and increased foraging efficiency through the disturbance of insects caused by the different foraging activities of flock members. Certain key species may be responsible for the initial formation of the flock. Mixed-species flocks are regarded as particularly vulnerable to disruption by anthropogenic habitat changes, especially to forests, and are thus of special conservation concern. In the Afrotropics, these proposals remain working hypotheses since we currently lack data for a full assessment of the ecological role of mixed-species flocks and their importance in the life history of the participating species.
{"title":"Mixed-species flocks of insectivorous birds (‘bird parties’) in Afrotropical forests and woodlands: a review","authors":"A. Craig","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2064930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2064930","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed-species flocks of foraging insectivorous birds are found worldwide and have been best studied in the Neotropical region. A survey of the published literature reveals that mixed-species flocks (often termed ‘bird parties’) comprised of 2–30 species and sometimes >70 individual birds are regularly encountered in forest and woodland habitats throughout the Afrotropical region. On mainland Africa, >600 species representing 59 bird families have been reported in such flocks, and for at least 300 species foraging in such flocks may constitute an important part of their feeding activity. In Madagascar, >60 species of 19 families have been recorded in mixed-species flocks, with more than 40 species frequent participants. These foraging parties are dominated by gleaning and sallying insectivorous birds, with other feeding guilds represented by fewer species and individuals. The main hypotheses to explain why birds participate in such flocks emphasise protection from predators while searching for food, and increased foraging efficiency through the disturbance of insects caused by the different foraging activities of flock members. Certain key species may be responsible for the initial formation of the flock. Mixed-species flocks are regarded as particularly vulnerable to disruption by anthropogenic habitat changes, especially to forests, and are thus of special conservation concern. In the Afrotropics, these proposals remain working hypotheses since we currently lack data for a full assessment of the ecological role of mixed-species flocks and their importance in the life history of the participating species.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42799452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2045642
Jonah Gula, M. Clay Green, S. Fritts, W. Dean, K. Gopi Sundar
Species range maps provided by the IUCN and BirdLife International are recognised to sometimes mischaracterise distribution and have resulted in inaccurate status assessments. In this study we assessed distribution trends and relationships with protected area extent for six African storks, the African Openbill Anastomus lamelligerus, Abdim’s Stork Ciconia abdimii, African Woolly-necked Stork C. microscelis, Saddle-billed Stork Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis, Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumenifer and Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis. Each of these species is understudied and assumed to be ubiquitous throughout sub-Saharan Africa and therefore considered Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. We developed empirically based distribution maps for the six African stork species using a plethora of data sources from >150 years. We found all six species were widespread from East to Southern Africa, but had highly fragmented ranges in West Africa. West African populations have either declined or been extirpated since the 1960s. Countries that require better field coverage include Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Zimbabwe. For each species, there was a positive relationship between occurrence and protected area extent, suggesting either protected habitat is important for storks or unprotected areas are poorly covered in the field. We evaluate species status based on the new collated information and recommend uplisting the global status of the Saddle-billed Stork to Near Threatened and West African populations of the Saddle-billed Stork, Marabou Stork and Yellow-billed Stork to Threatened status.
{"title":"Assessments of range-wide distribution of six African storks and their relationships with protected areas","authors":"Jonah Gula, M. Clay Green, S. Fritts, W. Dean, K. Gopi Sundar","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2045642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2045642","url":null,"abstract":"Species range maps provided by the IUCN and BirdLife International are recognised to sometimes mischaracterise distribution and have resulted in inaccurate status assessments. In this study we assessed distribution trends and relationships with protected area extent for six African storks, the African Openbill Anastomus lamelligerus, Abdim’s Stork Ciconia abdimii, African Woolly-necked Stork C. microscelis, Saddle-billed Stork Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis, Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumenifer and Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis. Each of these species is understudied and assumed to be ubiquitous throughout sub-Saharan Africa and therefore considered Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. We developed empirically based distribution maps for the six African stork species using a plethora of data sources from >150 years. We found all six species were widespread from East to Southern Africa, but had highly fragmented ranges in West Africa. West African populations have either declined or been extirpated since the 1960s. Countries that require better field coverage include Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Zimbabwe. For each species, there was a positive relationship between occurrence and protected area extent, suggesting either protected habitat is important for storks or unprotected areas are poorly covered in the field. We evaluate species status based on the new collated information and recommend uplisting the global status of the Saddle-billed Stork to Near Threatened and West African populations of the Saddle-billed Stork, Marabou Stork and Yellow-billed Stork to Threatened status.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"34 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43688111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2061063
S. Evans
The Northern Black Korhaan Afrotis afraoides and the Southern Black Korhaan Afrotis afra were previously considered conspecific, but were subsequently separated based on habitat, plumage, displays and vocalisations of the males and genetic differences. The Northern Black Korhaan is endemic to predominantly north of the Great Escarpment in southern Africa. In the southern part of its range in South Africa, it inhabits mostly the Nama-, Succulent Karoo and Grassland Biomes. The Southern Black Korhaan is a South African endemic and inhabits the Fynbos, Nama- and Succulent Karoo and Grassland and Albany Thicket Biomes to the west and south of the Great Escarpment. The purpose of the present study is to determine which bioclimatic and topographical characteristics contribute to maintaining the allopatric distribution ranges of the Northern and Southern Black Korhaan. The bioclimatic and topographical characteristics of the birds' distribution ranges and the area between them were described using habitat suitability modelling and by sampling these variables at the localities of the presence and pseudoabsence records of the birds in their respective breeding ranges and absence records from the area between their respective distribution ranges. The Northern and Southern Black Korhaan do not occupy the area between their respective distribution ranges, because some of the terrain in this area has a slope >6°. The remainder of the area is on terrain with a slope ≤6°, but the precipitation is too low (median of 216 mm), which may result in an insufficient food supply to the birds, especially when breeding, because they are polygynous. In addition, the low precipitation results in reduced ground cover by the Nama-Karoo and succulent Karoo vegetation, which in turn results in a possible increase in the predation rate of the birds. Consequently, the area is therefore not suited to and therefore not occupied by either species.
{"title":"Identification of the landscape and bioclimatic characteristics that contribute to maintaining the allopatric distribution ranges of the Northern Black Korhaan Afrotis afraoides and the Southern Black Korhaan Afrotis afra","authors":"S. Evans","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2061063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2061063","url":null,"abstract":"The Northern Black Korhaan Afrotis afraoides and the Southern Black Korhaan Afrotis afra were previously considered conspecific, but were subsequently separated based on habitat, plumage, displays and vocalisations of the males and genetic differences. The Northern Black Korhaan is endemic to predominantly north of the Great Escarpment in southern Africa. In the southern part of its range in South Africa, it inhabits mostly the Nama-, Succulent Karoo and Grassland Biomes. The Southern Black Korhaan is a South African endemic and inhabits the Fynbos, Nama- and Succulent Karoo and Grassland and Albany Thicket Biomes to the west and south of the Great Escarpment. The purpose of the present study is to determine which bioclimatic and topographical characteristics contribute to maintaining the allopatric distribution ranges of the Northern and Southern Black Korhaan. The bioclimatic and topographical characteristics of the birds' distribution ranges and the area between them were described using habitat suitability modelling and by sampling these variables at the localities of the presence and pseudoabsence records of the birds in their respective breeding ranges and absence records from the area between their respective distribution ranges. The Northern and Southern Black Korhaan do not occupy the area between their respective distribution ranges, because some of the terrain in this area has a slope >6°. The remainder of the area is on terrain with a slope ≤6°, but the precipitation is too low (median of 216 mm), which may result in an insufficient food supply to the birds, especially when breeding, because they are polygynous. In addition, the low precipitation results in reduced ground cover by the Nama-Karoo and succulent Karoo vegetation, which in turn results in a possible increase in the predation rate of the birds. Consequently, the area is therefore not suited to and therefore not occupied by either species.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"93 1","pages":"53 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43071551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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