Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139436
F. Mumtaz, H. Wenbin, G. Abbas, R. Parveen, A. Ashraf
Article history: Received 30 Jul. 2021 Received in revised form 01 Oct. 2021 Accepted 19 Oct. 2021 Available online 08 Nov. 2021 A compact temperature measuring device using a weakly coupled multi-core fibre in the Michelson interferometer structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The device is manufactured by an easy and simple splicing approach which consists of a multicore fibre segment and an in-fibre coupler. In-fibre coupler is made of a cascaded singlemode fibre and multi-core fibre balls. It enhances the interference phenomenon of light energy between the central core and the outer cores of a multi-core fibre. The sensor shows a high quality fringe visibility of about 14–18 dB in the wavelength spectrum. Multi-core structure presents multi-path interferences and exhibits a maximum temperature sensitivity of 70.6 pm/°C in the range of 20–90°C with an insensitive response to the refractive index in the range of 1.334 to 1.354. The device has the advantages of compact size, easy manufacturing, and it solves cross-sensitivity between temperature and refractive index making it an authentic real-time temperature monitoring solution.
{"title":"A weakly coupled multi-core fibre-based Michelson interferometer composed of an in-fibre coupler","authors":"F. Mumtaz, H. Wenbin, G. Abbas, R. Parveen, A. Ashraf","doi":"10.24425/opelre.2021.139436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.139436","url":null,"abstract":"Article history: Received 30 Jul. 2021 Received in revised form 01 Oct. 2021 Accepted 19 Oct. 2021 Available online 08 Nov. 2021 A compact temperature measuring device using a weakly coupled multi-core fibre in the Michelson interferometer structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The device is manufactured by an easy and simple splicing approach which consists of a multicore fibre segment and an in-fibre coupler. In-fibre coupler is made of a cascaded singlemode fibre and multi-core fibre balls. It enhances the interference phenomenon of light energy between the central core and the outer cores of a multi-core fibre. The sensor shows a high quality fringe visibility of about 14–18 dB in the wavelength spectrum. Multi-core structure presents multi-path interferences and exhibits a maximum temperature sensitivity of 70.6 pm/°C in the range of 20–90°C with an insensitive response to the refractive index in the range of 1.334 to 1.354. The device has the advantages of compact size, easy manufacturing, and it solves cross-sensitivity between temperature and refractive index making it an authentic real-time temperature monitoring solution.","PeriodicalId":54670,"journal":{"name":"Opto-Electronics Review","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77277346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139482
M. Grábner, P. Honzátko
Article history: Received 10 Sep. 2021 Received in revised form 22 Oct. 2021 Accepted 23 Oct. 2021 Available online 12 Nov. 2021 High power fibre lasers need to be cooled efficiently to avoid their thermal damage. Temperature distribution in fibre should be estimated during the fibre laser design process. The steady-state heat equation in a cylindrical geometry is solved to derive a practical formula for temperature radial distribution in multi-layered optical fibres with arbitrary number of the layers. The heat source is located in one or more cylindrical domains. The validity of the analytical formula is tested by comparison with static heat transfer simulations of typical application examples including octagonal double clad fibre, air-clad fibre, fibre with nonuniform, microstructured core. The accuracy sufficient for practical use is reported even for cases with not exactly cylindrical domains.
{"title":"Formula for temperature distribution in multi-layer optical fibres for high-power fibre lasers","authors":"M. Grábner, P. Honzátko","doi":"10.24425/opelre.2021.139482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.139482","url":null,"abstract":"Article history: Received 10 Sep. 2021 Received in revised form 22 Oct. 2021 Accepted 23 Oct. 2021 Available online 12 Nov. 2021 High power fibre lasers need to be cooled efficiently to avoid their thermal damage. Temperature distribution in fibre should be estimated during the fibre laser design process. The steady-state heat equation in a cylindrical geometry is solved to derive a practical formula for temperature radial distribution in multi-layered optical fibres with arbitrary number of the layers. The heat source is located in one or more cylindrical domains. The validity of the analytical formula is tested by comparison with static heat transfer simulations of typical application examples including octagonal double clad fibre, air-clad fibre, fibre with nonuniform, microstructured core. The accuracy sufficient for practical use is reported even for cases with not exactly cylindrical domains.","PeriodicalId":54670,"journal":{"name":"Opto-Electronics Review","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87180072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139530
L. Sharma, R. Sharma
https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.13953
https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.13953
{"title":"Design and analytical calculations of the width and arrangement of quantum well and barrier layers in GaN/AlGaN LED to enhance the performance","authors":"L. Sharma, R. Sharma","doi":"10.24425/opelre.2021.139530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.139530","url":null,"abstract":"https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.13953","PeriodicalId":54670,"journal":{"name":"Opto-Electronics Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89318468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139753
S. Hussin, E. M. Shalaby
In this paper, the effect of an indoor visible light communication channel is studied. Moreover, the analysis of the received power distribution of the photodiode in the line of sight and the first reflection of the channel without line of sight with several parameters is simulated. Two different waveforms are explained in detail. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has been widely adopted in radio frequency and optical communication systems. One of the most important disadvantages of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal is the high peak-to-average power ratio. Therefore, it is important to minimize the peak-to-average power ratio in the visible light communication systems more than in radio-frequency wireless applications. In the visible light communication systems, the high peak-to-average power ratio produces a high DC bias which reduces power efficiency of the system. A discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is proposed to be used in wireless communication systems; its ability to minimize peak-to-average power ratio has been tested. The analysis of two different subcarrier allocation methods for the discrete Fourier transform-spread subcarriers, as well as the examination of two distinct subcarrier allocation strategies, distributed and localized mapping, are investigated and studied. The effects of an accurate new sub-band mapping for the localized discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme are presented in this paper. The light-fidelity system performance of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with different sub-mapping techniques are simulated with Matlab™. A system performance size of bit error rate and peak-to-average power ratio are obtained, as well.
{"title":"Performance analysis of DFT-S-OFDM waveform for Li-Fi systems","authors":"S. Hussin, E. M. Shalaby","doi":"10.24425/opelre.2021.139753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.139753","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effect of an indoor visible light communication channel is studied. Moreover, the analysis of the received power distribution of the photodiode in the line of sight and the first reflection of the channel without line of sight with several parameters is simulated. Two different waveforms are explained in detail. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has been widely adopted in radio frequency and optical communication systems. One of the most important disadvantages of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal is the high peak-to-average power ratio. Therefore, it is important to minimize the peak-to-average power ratio in the visible light communication systems more than in radio-frequency wireless applications. In the visible light communication systems, the high peak-to-average power ratio produces a high DC bias which reduces power efficiency of the system. A discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is proposed to be used in wireless communication systems; its ability to minimize peak-to-average power ratio has been tested. The analysis of two different subcarrier allocation methods for the discrete Fourier transform-spread subcarriers, as well as the examination of two distinct subcarrier allocation strategies, distributed and localized mapping, are investigated and studied. The effects of an accurate new sub-band mapping for the localized discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme are presented in this paper. The light-fidelity system performance of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with different sub-mapping techniques are simulated with Matlab™. A system performance size of bit error rate and peak-to-average power ratio are obtained, as well.","PeriodicalId":54670,"journal":{"name":"Opto-Electronics Review","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82241168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.135826
I. Hacene, F. Karim
Article history: Received 11 Jan. 2021 Received in revised form 16 Mar. 2021 Accepted 17 Mar. 2021 In this paper, a theoretical design of a novel passive optical line protection device for fiber to the home networks is presented and discussed. Such a device has been designed to overcome several issues of the conventional optical line protection which is based on a switching mechanism controlled electronically. The proposed design is suitable for multiplexed passive optical networks, especially, the dense wavelength division multiplexing technology. This unit is installed at both ends of the network and is composed of a 1×2 splitter to deliver the transmitted multiplexed signal to 2 optical paths and a 2×1 (99.9/0.1) coupler allowing an automatic control when a problem appears. Two optical line protection units exchange optical data through 2 dual fibers. In the case where the primary link suffers from a transmission problem, it automatically switches without any electronic control whatsoever to the backup link through a passive (99.9/0.1) coupler with an average total loss estimated to be of 3.2 dB.
{"title":"Design of a novel passive optical line protection for fiber to the home networks","authors":"I. Hacene, F. Karim","doi":"10.24425/opelre.2021.135826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.135826","url":null,"abstract":"Article history: Received 11 Jan. 2021 Received in revised form 16 Mar. 2021 Accepted 17 Mar. 2021 In this paper, a theoretical design of a novel passive optical line protection device for fiber to the home networks is presented and discussed. Such a device has been designed to overcome several issues of the conventional optical line protection which is based on a switching mechanism controlled electronically. The proposed design is suitable for multiplexed passive optical networks, especially, the dense wavelength division multiplexing technology. This unit is installed at both ends of the network and is composed of a 1×2 splitter to deliver the transmitted multiplexed signal to 2 optical paths and a 2×1 (99.9/0.1) coupler allowing an automatic control when a problem appears. Two optical line protection units exchange optical data through 2 dual fibers. In the case where the primary link suffers from a transmission problem, it automatically switches without any electronic control whatsoever to the backup link through a passive (99.9/0.1) coupler with an average total loss estimated to be of 3.2 dB.","PeriodicalId":54670,"journal":{"name":"Opto-Electronics Review","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78103264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.135824
G. Bieszczad, S. Gogler, J. Świderski
Article history: Received 23 Nov. 2020 Received in revised form 2 Jan. 2021 Accepted 7 Jan. 2021 Thermal-imaging systems respond to infrared radiation that is naturally emitted by objects. Various multispectral and hyperspectral devices are available for measuring radiation in discrete sub-bands and thus enable a detection of differences in a spectral emissivity or transmission. For example, such devices can be used to detect hazardous gases. However, their operation principle is based on the fact that radiation is considered a scalar property. Consequently, all the radiation vector properties, such as polarization, are neglected. Analysing radiation in terms of the polarization state and the spatial distribution of thereof across a scene can provide additional information regarding the imaged objects. Various methods can be used to extract polarimetric information from an observed scene. We briefly review architectures of polarimetric imagers used in different wavebands. First, the state-of-the-art polarimeters are presented, and, then, a classification of polarimetricmeasurement devices is described in detail. Additionally, the data processing in Stokes polarimeters is given. Emphasis is laid on the methods for obtaining the Stokes parameters. Some predictions in terms of LWIR polarimeters are presented in the conclusion.
{"title":"Review of design and signal processing of polarimetric imaging cameras","authors":"G. Bieszczad, S. Gogler, J. Świderski","doi":"10.24425/opelre.2021.135824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.135824","url":null,"abstract":"Article history: Received 23 Nov. 2020 Received in revised form 2 Jan. 2021 Accepted 7 Jan. 2021 Thermal-imaging systems respond to infrared radiation that is naturally emitted by objects. Various multispectral and hyperspectral devices are available for measuring radiation in discrete sub-bands and thus enable a detection of differences in a spectral emissivity or transmission. For example, such devices can be used to detect hazardous gases. However, their operation principle is based on the fact that radiation is considered a scalar property. Consequently, all the radiation vector properties, such as polarization, are neglected. Analysing radiation in terms of the polarization state and the spatial distribution of thereof across a scene can provide additional information regarding the imaged objects. Various methods can be used to extract polarimetric information from an observed scene. We briefly review architectures of polarimetric imagers used in different wavebands. First, the state-of-the-art polarimeters are presented, and, then, a classification of polarimetricmeasurement devices is described in detail. Additionally, the data processing in Stokes polarimeters is given. Emphasis is laid on the methods for obtaining the Stokes parameters. Some predictions in terms of LWIR polarimeters are presented in the conclusion.","PeriodicalId":54670,"journal":{"name":"Opto-Electronics Review","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81944632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2020.132499
{"title":"Numerical procedures and their practical application in PV module analyses. Part III: parameters of atmospheric transparency – determining and correlations","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/opelre.2020.132499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2020.132499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54670,"journal":{"name":"Opto-Electronics Review","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84036269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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