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Use of Sonar Systems to Detect Areas of Gas Discharge of the Seabed 利用声纳系统探测海底气体排放区
IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700280
V. I. Kaevitser, V. M. Smirnov, I. V. Smolyaninov

Abstract

The study presents and analyzes the experimental results of geological and geomorphological observations in some marine areas with active gas emission from bottom sediments. The study was carried out using an instrumental complex of geophysical sonar equipment, which included a subbottom profiler and side scan bathymetric sonar that uses an interferometric method for measuring depths in the field of view. The results confirm the possibility of using the complex to classify the seabed morphology and control the processes of gas unloading. The use of sonar equipment for remote seabed mapping during satellite observations can be used to interpret the results of satellite remote sensing of the atmosphere.

摘要 该研究介绍并分析了在一些海底沉积物气体排放活跃的海域进行地质和地貌观测的实验结果。这项研究是利用地球物理声纳设备仪器综合体进行的,其中包括一台海底剖面仪和侧扫测深声纳,后者采用干涉测量法测量视场深度。结果证实,可以利用该综合设备对海底形态进行分类,并控制天然气的卸载过程。在卫星观测期间使用声纳设备进行遥控海底测绘可用于解释大气层卫星遥感的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in the Composition of Upper Pleistocene Sediments in the Center of an Active Hydrothermal System (Middle Valley, Juan De Fuca Ridge, Pacific Ocean) 活跃热液系统中心(太平洋胡安-德富卡海脊中谷)上更新世沉积物成分的变化
IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700255
V. B. Kurnosov, Yu. I. Konovalov, K. R. Galin

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying changes in the chemical composition of Upper Pleistocene sediments from Hole ODP 1036A drilled in the Middle Valley of the Juan de Fuca oceanic ridge at the Dead Dog hydrothermal field to a depth of 38.50 m, 9 m from a black smoker with a temperature of 268°C. The most significant changes in sediment chemistry occurred in the lower intervals of the hole. In the 20–30.70 m interval, the concentration of a large number of chemical elements increased and, accordingly, the hydrothermal fluid was depleted of these elements. Conversely, in the 30.70–38.5 m interval, the concentration of most chemical elements decreased, which led to significant enrichment of hydrothermal fluid in these elements.

摘要 本文介绍了在胡安-德富卡洋脊中谷死狗热液场钻探的 ODP 1036A 孔中上更新世沉积物化学成分变化的研究结果,钻探深度为 38.50 米,距温度为 268 摄氏度的黑烟囱 9 米。沉积物化学性质最明显的变化发生在钻孔的下部区间。在 20-30.70 米的区间,大量化学元素的浓度增加,热液中这些元素的含量也相应减少。相反,在 30.70-38.5 米区间,大多数化学元素的浓度下降,导致热液中这些元素显著富集。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring of a Seasonal Local Aggregation of Beluga Whales Delphinapterus leucas Based on Presumed Identification “Contact Calls”: a Pilot Study 根据推测的识别 "接触呼叫 "监测白鲸的季节性局部聚集:一项试点研究
IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700231
E. M. Panova, A. V. Agafonov

Abstract

Recently, an acoustic individual identification (AIID) approach based on recognition of dolphins by individually distinctive calls such as “signature whistles” has been applied to bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. Some other Odontoceti species can also have individually specific calls: e.g., in beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas, these are so-called “contact calls”. In this pilot study, we have tested the possibility of using the presumed contact calls of belugas to obtain the data on occurrence, number, and individual composition of their local aggregations in the natural environment. We have concluded that the diversity of contact calls can serve as an acceptable indicator of the number of individuals in the research area; in addition, these calls are potentially applicable for individual acoustic identification in belugas.

摘要--最近,一种基于海豚个体识别的声学个体识别方法(AIID)被应用于宽吻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)。其他一些齿鲸物种也有各自独特的叫声:如白鲸的所谓 "接触叫声"。在这项试验性研究中,我们测试了利用白鲸的假定接触叫声来获取其在自然环境中本地聚集的发生率、数量和个体组成数据的可能性。我们的结论是,接触性鸣叫的多样性可以作为研究区域内个体数量的一个可接受的指标;此外,这些鸣叫有可能适用于白鲸的个体声学识别。
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引用次数: 0
Phytoplankton of the Ob Estuary (Kara Sea) in the Season Preceding Winter 鄂毕河口(喀拉海)冬季前的浮游植物
IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700164
I. N. Sukhanova, M. V. Flint, A. V. Fedorov, A. A. Nedospasov, S. G. Poyarkov

Abstract

The material was obtained during cruise 92 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the area with a latitudinal extent of 72°32.0′ to 73°14.5′ N, including the Ob River estuary and adjacent shallow shelf on October 12–13 in the period preceding seasonal ice formation. The estuarine front was well pronounced in terms of salinity (gradients 0.6 PSU/km) and temperature fields and had a quasi-meridional direction. Sharp boundaries in nutrient distribution typical of earlier seasons were not observed. The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton varied from 22 × 103 to 75 × 103 cells/L and 7.3 to 19.0 mg/m3, respectively, which were two to three orders of magnitude lower than the values obtained in July and September. The abundance (30–78%) and biomass (28–80%) of phytoplankton over the entire area were formed by diatoms, among which Fragilariopsis cylindrus dominated. The abundance of freshwater diatoms Aulacoseira was low and the species was represented only by dead cells. A scheme is presented that shows the boundaries between phytoplankton communities of different composition and quantitative characteristics, as well as the specifics of conditions in the eastern area of the wide external part of Ob river estuary.

摘要--材料是 Akademik Mstislav Keldysh 号考察船于 10 月 12-13 日在北纬 72°32.0′ 至 73°14.5′ 区域(包括鄂毕河河口及邻近浅海陆架)进行的第 92 次考察中获得的,当时正值季节性冰层形成之前。从盐度(梯度为 0.6 PSU/km)和温度场来看,河口前沿非常明显,并具有准经度方向。没有观察到前几个季节典型的营养物质分布的明显界限。浮游植物的丰度和生物量分别为 22 × 103 至 75 × 103 cells/L 和 7.3 至 19.0 mg/m3,比 7 月和 9 月的数值低 2 至 3 个数量级。整个区域浮游植物的丰度(30-78%)和生物量(28-80%)均由硅藻构成,其中以圆筒状硅藻为主。淡水硅藻 Aulacoseira 的数量很少,只有死细胞。本报告提出的方案显示了不同组成和数量特征的浮游植物群落之间的界限,以及奥布河口外部宽阔地带东部地区的具体情况。
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引用次数: 0
Meiobenthos of the Côn Đảo Islands (Vietnam): Differences in the Structure of Taxocenes of Reef Flats and Mangroves 科恩乔群岛(越南)的小型底栖生物:礁滩和红树林分类群结构的差异
IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700206
V. O. Mokievsky, A. V. Tchesunov, D. V. Kondar, L. A. Garlitskaya, D. T. Nguyen, T. X. P. Nguyen

Abstract

Meiobenthic samples collected on the Côn Đảo archipelago (Vietnam) from two biotopes, in mangroves and on the adjacent reef flat areas, are analyzed. Quantitative characteristics of the dominant groups of meiobenthos are presented, and taxonomic composition of dominant taxa, nematodes, and harpacticoid copepods, are analyzed. It is shown that analysis of species composition is uninformative for a high species richness and a large number of unique species in each sample. It is more informative to use the generalized characteristics of communities, such as spectra of families and ecological and morphological groups of species. At the level of families and subfamilies, there are well-defined differences in the population of the sandy bottom and mangroves. The proportion of life forms in the different biotypes is informative for harpacticoid copepods. Big differences in the taxonomic composition of the studied bays are shown, interbiotopic differences make a smaller contribution to the overall diversity; i.e., each bay has its own set of species, which forms the population of each biotope. Nematodes and harpacticoids are distributed in space independently of each other.

摘要--分析了在越南科恩乔群岛(Côn Đảo archipelago)红树林和邻近礁石平地两个生物群落采集的小型底栖生物样本。介绍了小型底栖生物主要类群的数量特征,并分析了主要类群、线虫和桡足类的分类组成。结果表明,在物种丰富度较高且每个样本中存在大量独特物种的情况下,物种组成分析的信息量不大。利用群落的一般特征,如科谱和物种的生态和形态组,信息量更大。在科和亚科的层面上,沙底和红树林的种群差异明显。不同生物类型中的生命形式比例对半齿桡足类具有参考价值。所研究海湾的分类组成存在很大差异,生物群落间的差异对总体多样性的贡献较小;也就是说,每个海湾都有自己的物种集,形成每个生物群落的种群。线虫和半齿类动物在空间中的分布相互独立。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary Data on the Depth Effect on the Nematode Community in the East Siberian Sea 关于水深对东西伯利亚海线虫群落影响的初步数据
IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1134/s000143702470019x
D. A. Portnova, L. A. Garlitska

Abstract

The nematode community was studied at eight stations in the eastern part of the East Siberian Sea shelf (43 m), along the slope, and at a deep-sea site (1350 m). All samples (depth range 43–1350 m) were collected with a MUC corer in the northeastern part of the East Siberian Sea during cruise ARA10C of the R/V Araon in 2019. The taxonomic composition of the nematode community is typical of the Siberian Arctic seas in summer–autumn. The nematode diversity of the East Siberian Sea is poor in comparison with other Russian Arctic seas. Nematode genera typical of the shelf and deep sea were identified. The nematodes density in the uppermost sediment layer increases from the southernmost station along the shelf, amount a maximum on the outer shelf, and decreases downhill with the minimum at the deepest site. It is suggested that the high nematode abundance and diversity on the outer slope was provided by high organic matter fluxes at the boundary of water masses, increasing the oxygen and silt content in sediments.

摘要 在东西伯利亚海大陆架东部(43 米)、沿斜坡和一个深海站点(1350 米)的八个站点对线虫群落进行了研究。所有样本(深度范围为 43-1350 米)都是在 2019 年 R/V Araon 的 ARA10C 巡航期间用 MUC 岩芯采集器在东西伯利亚海东北部采集的。线虫群落的分类组成是典型的夏秋季西伯利亚北极海域线虫群落。与俄罗斯其他北极海域相比,东西伯利亚海的线虫多样性较差。确定了典型的陆架和深海线虫属。最上层沉积层中的线虫密度从陆架最南端的站点开始增加,在外陆架达到最大值,然后向下递减,在最深处达到最小值。研究表明,外坡线虫数量和多样性较高的原因是水团边界的有机物通量较高,增加了沉积物中的氧气和淤泥含量。
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引用次数: 0
Research of the Lagoon Estuaries of Vaygach Island in the 2023 Summer Low Water Period 2023 年夏季枯水期瓦伊加奇岛泻湖河口研究
IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700309
I. V. Miskevich, D. S. Moseev, A. S. Lokhov, E. I. Kotova

Abstract

The paper describes integrated research of the Krasnaya and Varkutsyakha rivers of Vaygach Island in the 2023 summer low water period, carried out by the Northwestern Branch of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology. This research is aimed at studying the specifics of mixing zone formation for Arctic island lagoon estuaries. The maximum suspended particulate matter concentrations were found near the upper boundary of the mixing zone. The maximum metal accumulation zones were observed in the frontal area of estuaries and in the upper part for manganese and arsenic.

摘要 本文介绍了希尔绍夫海洋学研究所西北分所在 2023 年夏季枯水期对瓦伊加赫岛的克拉斯纳亚河和瓦尔库特西亚卡河进行的综合研究。这项研究旨在研究北极岛屿泻湖河口混合区形成的具体情况。在混合区上边界附近发现了最大悬浮颗粒物浓度。在河口的前沿区域以及锰和砷的上部发现了最大的金属积聚区。
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引用次数: 0
New Ideas about the Structure and Nature of the Crust of the Western Bay of Bengal, Obtained Taking into Account Deep Seismic Sounding Data 根据深海地震探测数据获得的有关孟加拉湾西部地壳结构和性质的新观点
IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700127
V. K. Illarionov, O. Yu. Ganzha, D. A. Ilyinsky, K. A. Roginskiy, A. Yu. Borisova

Abstract

A comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical data characterizing the structure of the eastern continental margin of India and the adjacent part of the bottom of the Bay of Bengal has been carried out. According to the structural and tectonic features, three sectors are distinguished: southern, central, and northern, the natural boundaries between which are the fault zones of the Makhanadi and Godavari–Krishna aulacogens. In the central sector, the pericontinental East Indian Plateau adjoins the continental slope. In 2003, the R/V Mezen acquired deep seismic sounding data on two profiles in this region. These data and their geological interpretation made it possible to identify “reduced” continental crust, characterized by reduced thickness of the upper, middle, and lower layers. A conclusion is drawn about the continental nature of the East Indian Plateau and northern part of the 85° Ridge adjacent to it. The light sialic and effusive rocks that form the top of the ridge give a negative gravimetric anomaly in the free-air reduction, which is its distinguishing feature.

摘要 对地质和地球物理数据进行了全面分析,这些数据说明了印度东部大陆边缘和孟加拉湾底邻近部分的结构特征。根据结构和构造特征,可将其分为三个部分:南部、中部和北部,这三个部分之间的自然边界是马卡纳迪断裂带和戈达瓦里-克里希纳断裂带。在中部地区,大陆周缘的东印度高原与大陆坡相邻。2003 年,R/V Mezen 在该地区的两个剖面上获得了深层地震探测数据。这些数据及其地质解释使我们得以确定 "缩小的 "大陆地壳,其特点是上层、中层和下层厚度减小。由此得出结论,东印度高原及其毗邻的 85°海脊北部具有大陆性质。构成海脊顶部的轻矽卡岩和喷出岩在自由空气还原中产生负重力异常,这是其显著特征。
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引用次数: 0
Long-Term Dynamics of Phytoplankton Parameters and Water Temperature in the Area of Sevastopol (Black Sea) 塞瓦斯托波尔地区(黑海)浮游植物参数和水温的长期动态变化
IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700061
S. B. Krasheninnikova, V. D. Chmyr, R. I. Lee, N. I. Minkina

Abstract

Based on contact data, the dynamics of the abundance (N) and biomass (B) of phytoplankton in 2013–2014 and the concentration of chlorophyll a (Cсhl) in 2000–2003 and 2008–2021 were analyzed using fast Fourier transform (FFT) under conditions of changing water temperature (T) in the vicinity of Sevastopol in the Black Sea. Estimates of the contribution made by the variability of the annual and semiannual harmonics of N, B, Cchl, T to the seasonal cycle amounted to more than 56% for all parameters. A significant relationship between B and Cchl (r < –0.83) at two stations indicates the aging of microalgae. The dominance of different groups of microalgae in the phytoplankton biomass has been detected. A typical period of 2–4 years is distinguished in the interannual variability of Cchl and T in different seasons.

摘要根据接触数据,在黑海塞瓦斯托波尔附近水温(T)变化的条件下,使用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)分析了 2013-2014 年浮游植物丰度(N)和生物量(B)的动态,以及 2000-2003 年和 2008-2021 年叶绿素 a 浓度(Cсhl)的动态。据估计,N、B、Cchl、T 的年谐波和半年谐波的变化对季节周期的贡献率在所有参数中均超过 56%。在两个观测站,B 和 Cchl 之间存在明显的关系(r < -0.83),这表明微藻类正在老化。在浮游植物生物量中,不同种类的微藻类占主导地位。在不同季节,Cchl 和 T 的年际变化周期一般为 2-4 年。
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引用次数: 0
Whistles in the Vocal Repertoire of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821) and Common Dolphins (Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758) 瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821 年)和普通海豚(Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758 年)声乐中的口哨声
IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700097
A. V. Agafonov, P. K. Melnikova, E. M. Panova, I. V. Logominova, V. A. Litvin

Abstract

The article performs a comparative analysis of the underwater sounds of two sympatric dolphin species living in the Black Sea: bottlenose and common dolphins. During sound processing and analysis, the special program nanoCAD 22 was used. Both the similarity of the physical parameters of the sounds of the two species and a number of specific features of whistles characteristic of each were demonstrated. Common dolphin production of some types of whistles with significant similarities (sometimes almost identical) to the signature whistles of bottlenose dolphins was detected and analyzed.

摘要 本文对生活在黑海的两种同域海豚:瓶鼻海豚和普通海豚的水下声音进行了比较分析。在声音处理和分析过程中,使用了专用程序 nanoCAD 22。结果表明,这两个物种的声音物理参数相似,而且各自的哨声都有一些具体特征。发现并分析了普通海豚发出的某些类型的啸声与瓶鼻海豚的特征性啸声非常相似(有时几乎完全相同)。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Oceanology
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