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Grain Size Properties of Surface Bottom Sediments from Chaun Bay 潮安湾表层海底沉积物的粒度特性

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY

Oceanology

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700115

A. S. Ulyantsev, E. A. Streltsova, A. N. Charkin

Abstract

Based on the results of an analysis of 174 samples of bottom sediments collected at 48 stations in the Chaun Bay during the cruise 60 of the R/V Akademik Oparin (October 2020), it was found that their grain size distribution varies from poorly sorted silty clay to well sorted sand. The results of the study led to conclusion that the main sedimentation mechanisms in Chaun Bay are thermal abrasion, river runoff, and abrasion, as well as ice rafting and aeolian transport. The zoning of grain size types of bottom sediments is related to the bottom topography and consistent with areas affected by riverine runoff, abrasion, and thermal coastal abrasion, as well as with the direction of currents. The high occurrence of coarse clastic matter in sediments is evidence of abrasion of the coastal zone and active ice rafting of large (up to 15 cm) rock fragments. The vertical variability of the grain size parameters of the studied bottom sediments within the upper 20 cm layer reflects gradual Late Holocene intensification of terrigenous (fluvial and thermal abrasion) fluxes with the current effects of climate change in the Arctic.

摘要根据对 "Akademik Oparin "号考察船第 60 次航行（2020 年 10 月）期间在朝恩湾 48 个站点采集的 174 份海底沉积物样本的分析结果，发现这些沉积物的粒度分布从分选较差的淤泥质粘土到分选良好的沙粒不等。研究结果得出的结论是，朝恩湾的主要沉积机制是热磨蚀、河流径流、磨蚀以及冰排和风化搬运。海底沉积物的粒度类型分区与海底地形有关，与受河流径流、磨蚀和沿岸热磨蚀影响的区域以及海流方向一致。沉积物中粗碎屑物质较多，这证明海岸带受到了磨损，大块岩石碎屑（最大 15 厘米）在冰上漂移。所研究的底层沉积物上部 20 厘米层的粒度参数的垂直变化，反映了全新世晚期随着当前北极地区气候变化的影响，土著（河流和热磨蚀）通量的逐渐加强。

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引用次数: 0

The Problem of Reconstructing the Profile of the Sea Surface from the Video Image of Laser Beams 从激光束视频图像重建海面轮廓的问题

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY

Oceanology

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700024

V. V. Sterlyadkin

Abstract

Currently, there are no remote methods for recording the instantaneous two-dimensional profile of the sea surface Z(x, y, t) in field conditions, nor are there any methods for recording capillary wave profiles directly on the sea surface. The short-wavelength component of sea waves plays a very important role in radiometry in the formation of the surface’s own radiation and in solving inverse radar problems. This article proposes an optical measurement technique that can measure the parameters of the entire wave spectrum, including capillary waves with amplitude of less than 0.1 mm. However, the author has not yet been able to fully solve the inverse problem of reconstructing the two-dimensional wave profile. The author considered it expedient to formulate this problem and involve the scientific community in its successful solution. Obtaining the profile of sea waves Z(x, y, t) in natural conditions with a high update rate will yield complete information about the characteristics of waves, temporal and spatial spectra of elevations, spectra of slopes; it will also be possible to study the evolution of waves when the wind changes. The possibility of recording and studying the short-wavelength components of waves, including capillary waves, is of particular value.

摘要目前，还没有在野外条件下记录海面 Z(x,y,t)瞬时二维剖面的遥感方法，也没有直接在海面上记录毛细管波剖面的方法。海波的短波分量在辐射测量中对形成海面自身辐射和解决反雷达问题起着非常重要的作用。本文提出的光学测量技术可以测量整个波谱的参数，包括振幅小于 0.1 毫米的毛细管波。然而，作者尚未能完全解决重建二维波谱的逆问题。作者认为有必要提出这一问题，并让科学界参与成功解决这一问题。以高更新率获取自然条件下的海浪剖面 Z(x,y,t)，将获得有关海浪特征、高程时空谱、坡度谱的完整信息；还可以研究风力变化时海浪的演变。记录和研究波的短波长成分，包括毛细管波的可能性特别有价值。

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引用次数: 0

First Findings of the Invasive Snow Crab Chionoecetes opilio (O. Fabricius, 1788) (Decapoda, Oregoniidae) in the Eastern Kara Sea 在东卡拉海首次发现入侵雪蟹 Chionoecetes opilio (O. Fabricius, 1788) (Decapoda, Oregoniidae)

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY

Oceanology

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700085

A. K. Zalota, A. A. Udalov, M. V. Chikina, D. V. Kondar, I. V. Lyubimov, E. V. Lipukhin, I. M. Anisimov, A. V. Lesin, V. O. Muravya, A. V. Mishin

Abstract

During cruise 89 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in September–October 2022, search for the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio were conducted in benthic communities of the Kara Sea using a Sigsby bottom trawl and the TUV Videomodule; as well, plankton samples were collected with a Bongo net in order to record crab larvae in the water column. Single large individuals of snow crab were found for the first time in the eastern Kara Sea, on a transect from the Voronin Trough towards the coast of Taimyr, starting at a depth of 490 m. At the same time, not a single crab larva was caught, which indicates penetration of mature crabs into these areas across the bottom. Conversely, in the western part of the sea and in Blagopoluchiya Bay, large numbers of all size groups of C. opilio on the bottom, as well as crab larvae in the water column, were observed. The differences in the speed and nature of the snow crab invasion are explained by the contrast in the ice conditions in the western and eastern Kara Sea. The snow crab population is likely to spread further in the eastern Kara Sea due to trends towards an increase in the ice-free period in the Arctic.

摘要在 2022 年 9 月至 10 月 Akademik Mstislav Keldysh 号考察船第 89 次航行期间，使用 Sigsby 底拖网和 TUV Videomodule 在喀拉海海底群落中搜寻了雪蟹 Chionoecetes opilio；还使用 Bongo 网采集了浮游生物样本，以记录水体中的蟹幼虫。在喀拉海东部，从沃罗宁海槽向塔伊米尔海岸的横断面上，从水深 490 米处开始，首次发现了单只大个体的雪蟹。相反，在西部海域和布拉戈波卢基亚湾，观察到海底有大量各种大小的螃蟹群，水体中也有螃蟹幼体。喀拉海西部和东部冰情的对比解释了雪蟹入侵速度和性质的差异。由于北极无冰期有延长的趋势，雪蟹种群可能会在喀拉海东部进一步扩散。

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引用次数: 0

Morphometry of Ice Scours in the Southwestern Kara Sea 喀拉海西南部的冰蚀形态学

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY

Oceanology

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700103

S. V. Maznev, O. V. Kokin, V. V. Arkhipov, E. A. Moroz, A. P. Denisova, R. A. Ananiev, S. L. Nikiforov, N. O. Sorokhtin, S. V. Godetskiy

Abstract

The ice-gouging topography of bed of the southwestern Kara Sea is the result of the impact of icebergs and sea ice. During cruise 52 of the R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov using a multibeam echo sounder, we collected representative data on the key parameters of ice scours (location, orientation, depth, width) for the first time, which allows us to draw conclusions on a regional scale. We revealed regularities in the spatial and temporal distribution of ice scours and their density in different parts of the seabed. It was revealed that the maximum dimensions of the ice scours decrease with distance from the sources of iceberg calving from NW to SE. The orientation of the ice scours correlates with the main drift directions of icebergs. Most of the ice scours are located at depths up to 220 m and could have formed both at the modern and lower sea levels (in postglacial time). We identified a high degree of seabed transformation by ice-gouging processes in the southwestern Kara Sea.

摘要喀拉海西南部海床的冰刨地形是冰山和海冰撞击的结果。在 Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov 号考察船第 52 次航行期间，我们使用多波束回声测深仪首次收集了冰刨关键参数（位置、方向、深度、宽度）的代表性数据，从而可以得出区域范围的结论。我们揭示了冰蚀的时空分布及其在海底不同区域的密度的规律性。结果表明，冰蚀槽的最大尺寸从西北向东南随着与冰山碎裂源的距离减小而减小。冰蚀槽的方向与冰山的主要漂移方向相关。大多数冰蚀槽位于水深 220 米以下，可能在现代海平面和较低海平面（冰川期后）形成。我们在喀拉海西南部发现了冰刨过程对海床的高度改造。

引用次数: 0

Utilization of Nutrients Entering Through the Bering Strait to the Southwestern Chukchi Sea with the Example of Mineral Phosphorus 以矿物磷为例说明通过白令海峡进入西南楚科奇海的营养物质的利用情况

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY

Oceanology

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700048

Yury I. Zuenko

Abstract

Spatial variations of the nutrient concentration along the northwestward stream from the Bering Sea to the Chukchi Sea are considered for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) based on data from two surveys conducted in early September 2010 and 2020. The water mass from the Bering Sea has higher DIP than Chukchi Sea water, but in the upper layer its phosphorus is gradually lost due to both mixing with local water and consumption for photosynthesis. In the subsurface layer, the decrease in DIP is prevented by its recycling from degraded organic matter. The fluxes of phosphorus are estimated separately using the balance model with TS analysis, previously used in estuarial studies. Successive DIP utilization along the stream is traced, which forms in the Chukchi Sea two zones of high productivity divided by a wide low-productive zone. Nutrients from the upper layer are utilized within the southwestern Chukchi Sea, resulting in primary production 0.1–0.2 gC m^–3 day^–1, but the main stock of allochthonous nutrients from the subsurface layer is utilized further downstream (at Wrangel Island or in the northern Chukchi Sea) and results in production of 0.3–0.4 gC m^–3 day^–1. Localization of high-productive zones is determined by density stratification, which possibly depends on the stream strength: the stronger the advection through Bering Strait, the farther from the strait both zones are located. The recent tendency of strengthening of the stream tends to remove the zones of utilization the nutrients of Pacific origin from the southwestern Chukchi Sea.

摘要根据 2010 年和 2020 年 9 月初进行的两次调查数据，研究了从白令海到楚科奇海的西北流沿岸营养物浓度的空间变化，并对溶解性无机磷（DIP）进行了分析。白令海水体的 DIP 值高于楚科奇海水体，但在上层，由于与当地水体的混合以及光合作用的消耗，白令海水体的磷逐渐流失。在次表层，由于降解有机物的再循环，DIP 的减少得以阻止。磷的通量是利用以前在河口研究中使用的带 TS 分析的平衡模型分别估算的。沿溪流追踪了 DIP 的连续利用情况，这在楚科奇海形成了两个高生产力区，由一个宽阔的低生产力区分割开来。来自上层的营养物质在楚科奇海西南部被利用，导致初级生产力为 0.1-0.2 gC m-3 day-1，但来自次表层的主要异源营养物质则在更下游（弗兰格尔岛或楚科奇海北部）被利用，导致生产力为 0.3-0.4 gC m-3 day-1。高产区的位置由密度分层决定，密度分层可能取决于海流强度：流经白令海峡的海流越强，两个高产区的位置就离白令海峡越远。最近气流增强的趋势往往会将太平洋营养物质利用区从楚科奇海西南部移走。

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引用次数: 0

Ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic Seas–2023: (Cruise 92 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the Kara Sea) 西伯利亚北极海域的生态系统--2023 年：（Akademik Mstislav Keldysh 号考察船在喀拉海的第 92 次航行）

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY

Oceanology

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700140

M. V. Flint, S. G. Poyarkov, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, N. J. Knivel, A. Yu. Miroshnikov

Abstract

Cruise 92 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh was organized by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology within the long-standing program “Marine Ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic” October 5–November 7, 2023. A total of 76 scientists from institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow State University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, VNIRO, and MES participated in the cruise. Coordinated hydrophysical, hydrochemical, biooceanological, and geochemical research were carried out in the eastern Kara Sea in the period of seasonal ice formation, as well as in the Ob River estuary and fjords of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. The conditions of largest radioactive waste disposals in the Kara Sea were evaluated.

摘要2023 年 10 月 5 日至 11 月 7 日，希尔绍夫海洋学研究所在 "西伯利亚北极海洋生态系统 "长期计划内组织了 Akademik Mstislav Keldysh 号考察船第 92 次航行。共有来自俄罗斯科学院、库尔恰托夫研究所国家研究中心、莫斯科国立大学、莫斯科物理技术研究所、俄罗斯国家海洋研究所和水科学部的 76 名科学家参加了此次航行。在喀拉海东部季节性结冰期，以及在鄂毕河河口和新泽姆利亚群岛峡湾进行了水文物理、水化学、生物海洋学和地球化学方面的协调研究。对卡拉海最大的放射性废物处置条件进行了评估。

引用次数: 0

Sources of Freshwater Components in Western Part of the Bering Sea According to Isotope (δ18О, δD) Data 根据同位素（δ18О、δD）数据确定的白令海西部淡水成分来源

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY

Oceanology

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700036

E. O. Dubinina, S. A. Kossova, A. A. Osadchiev, Yu. N. Chizhova, A. S. Avdeenko

Abstract

The isotope parameters and sources of freshwater components for the subsurface, intermediate, and deep water of the western Bering Sea were estimated using the isotope (δ¹⁸О, δD) data for 177 seawater samples. We show that subsurface, dichothermal and, partially, intermediate water (<1000 m) are freshened by regional precipitation. For these waters, the next equations of relations between delta and salinity values were obtained: δ¹⁸О = [0.390 ± 0.018]S – 13.521 ± 0.613 and δD = [3.07 ± 0.08]S – 107 ± 2.74. Deeper (1000–2500 m) water is also freshened by precipitation but from the more southern region (≈40°–45° S). The deepest water (2800–4300 m) retain their isotope signal obtained via freshening by Antarctic glacier ice meltwater. The distribution of isotope parameters with the depth shows that vertical mixing at depths of ≈1000–2500 m takes place. This process should influent the redistribution of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, organic matter, and other components in water of the western Bering Sea. The isotope composition of water passing into the Arctic Ocean halocline (S = 33.1) from the Bering Sea are δ¹⁸О = –0.61‰ and δD = –5.4‰.

摘要利用 177 个海水样本的同位素（δ18О、δD）数据，估算了白令海西部的次表层水、中层水和深层水的同位素参数和淡水成分来源。我们的研究表明，次表层水、二热层水和部分中间层水（1000 米）受到区域降水的清新。对于这些海水，我们得到了δ值与盐度值之间的关系式：δ18О = [0.390 ± 0.018]S - 13.521 ± 0.613，δD = [3.07 ± 0.08]S - 107 ± 2.74。更深（1000-2500 米）的海水也受到降水的清新，但来自更南部地区（≈40°-45° S）。最深的水（2800-4300 米）则保留了通过南极冰川冰融水清新获得的同位素信号。同位素参数随深度的分布表明，在深度≈1000-2500 米处发生了垂直混合。这一过程应该会影响白令海西部海水中营养物质、溶解氧、有机物和其他成分的重新分布。从白令海进入北冰洋卤化线（S = 33.1）的水的同位素组成为δ18О = -0.61‰和δD = -5.4‰。

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引用次数: 0

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY

Oceanology

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700012

V. V. Zhmur

Abstract

This article continues and generalizes the study “On the Similarity of Quasi-Geostrophic Vortices against the Background of Large-Scale Barotropic Currents” [6] (Oceanology, Zhmur, 2024, in print). In continuation of [6], a similar formulation is considered, but for other types of background currents. In the quasi-geostrophic description for small Rossby numbers, the problem of the evolution of an arbitrarily shaped liquid volume with homogeneous potential vorticity of all vortex core particles in an equidistant background flow—horizontal flow with vertical shear and equidistant flow with barotropic and baroclinic components—is presented. Ultimately, the problem boils down to an integrodifferential equation for the evolution of the vortex core boundary. The study of this equation in dimensionless form makes it possible to find a set of dimensionless parameters that determine the similarity condition of the studied vortices.

摘要本文是对 "论大尺度各向气流背景下准地转涡旋的相似性"[6]（《海洋学》，Zhmur，2024 年，印刷版）研究的延续和概括。在继续[6]的研究中，考虑了类似的表述，但针对的是其他类型的背景流。在对小罗斯比数的准地转描述中，提出了一个任意形状的液体体积在等距背景流（具有垂直剪切力的水平流和具有向气压和向气压成分的等距流）中的演变问题，该液体体积的所有涡核粒子具有同质的潜在涡度。最终，问题归结为涡核边界演变的微分方程。通过对这个无量纲方程的研究，可以找到一组无量纲参数，这些参数决定了所研究涡旋的相似性条件。

引用次数: 0

The Evolution of Redox Conditions in Isolated Water Bodies of Poria Gub Bay and Kandalaksh Coast of the White Sea 白海茯苓湾和坎达拉克什海岸孤立水体中氧化还原条件的演变

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY

Oceanology

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s000143702470005x

N. M. Kokryatskaya, G. N. Losyuk, E. D. Krasnova, S. S. Popov, K. V. Titova, D. A. Voronov

Abstract

The article presents the results of hydrochemical studies of waterbodies with varying degrees of development of anaerobic conditions (up to the appearance of meromixia with sulfide anoxia) in the Porya Guba Bay (Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea, Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve). It is shown that these waterbodies, which are at different stages of isolation from the sea, have a unique hydrological and hydrochemical structure, formed at a certain stage of their evolution. The vertical stratification of water, with the development of all phenomena accompanying stagnation, is more pronounced in the most distant parts of their water area from the sea, where elevated contents of hydrogen sulfide (up to 16.5 mg/L), phosphates, silicon, nitrite, and ammonium nitrogen are noted in bottom anaerobic water. However, the concentrations of all major ions are comparable to those in seawater and hardly chance at all vertically. Analysis of the distribution of the hydrochemical parameters of the distant reaches of Ozerki Lagoon made it possible to conclude that, due to changes that have occurred with this waterbody over the past 90 years, it can now most likely be classified as meromictic.

摘要本文介绍了对波里亚古巴湾（坎达拉克沙湾、白海、坎达拉克沙国家自然保护区）中不同程度厌氧条件发展（直至出现硫化物缺氧的兼性厌氧）的水体进行水化学研究的结果。研究表明，这些处于与海洋隔离的不同阶段的水体在其演变的特定阶段形成了独特的水文和水化学结构。在离海最远的水域，水体垂直分层现象更为明显，并伴随着所有停滞现象的发展，在底层厌氧水中，硫化氢（高达 16.5 毫克/升）、磷酸盐、硅、亚硝酸盐和铵态氮的含量都很高。不过，所有主要离子的浓度与海水中的相当，垂直方向上几乎没有变化。通过分析奥泽尔基泻湖远端水化学参数的分布情况，可以得出结论，由于该水体在过去 90 年中发生的变化，现在很有可能被归类为兼性水体。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative Distribution and Lipid Reserves of the Calanus euxinus (Copepoda) Population in the Black Sea in Late Autumn 2017 2017年深秋黑海桡足类(Calanus euxinus)种群的定量分布和脂质储备

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q4 OCEANOGRAPHY

Oceanology

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s0001437024700073

E. S. Hubareva, B. E. Anninsky

Abstract—

The field data on the abundance, biomass, age structure, and lipid reserves of the copepod Сalanus euxinus population in deep pelagial and Crimean shelf regions of the Black Sea in November 2017 were analyzed. The abundance and biomass of this species in deep areas (10.2 ± 0.5 × 10³ ind./m² and 7.3 ± 0.5 g/m², respectively) were similar to the average annual values for seasons with moderate development of planktivorous jellyfish populations. The average abundance and biomass of the copepods were similar to analogous 2016 values when the jellyfish abundance was twice as low. However, in 2017, the denser aggregations of C. euxinus (12.8 ± 1.0 × 10³ ind./m² and 9.8 ± 0.5 g/m²) were found in the central parts of cyclonic circulations, while in 2016, they were recorded more frequently at the peripheries of cyclonic gyres. A structure of the C. euxinus population also changed. In November 2017, the percentage of copepodites I–IV, females and males, increased, whereas the proportion of copepodites V reduced. These changes likely resulted from a later sampling period in 2017, when the C. euxinus population was ready for active reproduction. Sufficient amounts of lipids in copepodites V, decreased oil sac volumes in females, and increased abundance of males in anticyclonic regions are indicative of more favorable trophic conditions for this part of the C. euxinus population and its higher maturity.

摘要--分析了2017年11月黑海深海水层和克里米亚大陆架地区桡足类Сalanus euxinus种群的丰度、生物量、年龄结构和脂质储备的野外数据。该物种在深海区域的丰度和生物量（分别为10.2 ± 0.5 × 103 ind./m2和7.3 ± 0.5 g/m2）与浮游水母种群适度发展季节的年平均值相似。桡足类的平均丰度和生物量与 2016 年的类似值相似，当时水母的丰度是 2016 年的两倍。然而，2017 年，在气旋环流的中心部分发现了更密集的 C. euxinus 聚集（12.8 ± 1.0 × 103 ind./m2 和 9.8 ± 0.5 g/m2），而在 2016 年，它们更频繁地出现在气旋环流的外围。鳕鱼种群结构也发生了变化。2017 年 11 月，桡足类 I-IV（雌性和雄性）的比例上升，而桡足类 V 的比例下降。这些变化很可能是由于2017年采样时间较晚造成的，当时C. euxinus种群已准备好进行活跃繁殖。第五号桡足类含有充足的脂质、雌性油囊体积减少以及反气旋区域雄性桡足类数量增加，表明这部分桡足类种群的营养条件更加有利，成熟度更高。

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