Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2113410
M. Gall, M. Pinkerton, T. Steinmetz, S. Wood
ABSTRACT Water quality in estuarine and coastal waters of Aotearoa New Zealand is of concern yet currently under-monitored, reflecting challenges of sampling at regular intervals across large areas. Satellite products are currently underutilised (globally) by management agencies but could be part of a holistic approach. NIWA-SCENZ (Seas, Coasts and Estuaries New Zealand) is a website providing access to MODIS-Aqua products at moderate spatial resolution (500 m) across relatively clear coastal waters (Case 1) to turbid coastal waters (Case 2). It also provides advanced analytical tools on an extracted area of interest for trend assessment (Shiny-SCENZ). For Case 1 areas product accuracy will be comparable to data from other websites using the same algorithms. For Case 2 and transition (blended) areas, although tuned to New Zealand conditions, accuracy of products requires validation. Data availability is mainly impacted by cloud cover, but also adjacency to land and bottom reflection. On average <5% within ∼1 km from coastlines, compared to ∼10%–30% outside 2 km. Extrapolation and blending from offshore into shorelines on month averaged maps extend estimates into many bays and estuaries. Active research efforts will deliver iterative improvements in data quality, new products, and analysis methods (e.g. variability and long-term trend maps).
{"title":"Satellite remote sensing of coastal water quality in New Zealand","authors":"M. Gall, M. Pinkerton, T. Steinmetz, S. Wood","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2113410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2113410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Water quality in estuarine and coastal waters of Aotearoa New Zealand is of concern yet currently under-monitored, reflecting challenges of sampling at regular intervals across large areas. Satellite products are currently underutilised (globally) by management agencies but could be part of a holistic approach. NIWA-SCENZ (Seas, Coasts and Estuaries New Zealand) is a website providing access to MODIS-Aqua products at moderate spatial resolution (500 m) across relatively clear coastal waters (Case 1) to turbid coastal waters (Case 2). It also provides advanced analytical tools on an extracted area of interest for trend assessment (Shiny-SCENZ). For Case 1 areas product accuracy will be comparable to data from other websites using the same algorithms. For Case 2 and transition (blended) areas, although tuned to New Zealand conditions, accuracy of products requires validation. Data availability is mainly impacted by cloud cover, but also adjacency to land and bottom reflection. On average <5% within ∼1 km from coastlines, compared to ∼10%–30% outside 2 km. Extrapolation and blending from offshore into shorelines on month averaged maps extend estimates into many bays and estuaries. Active research efforts will deliver iterative improvements in data quality, new products, and analysis methods (e.g. variability and long-term trend maps).","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"585 - 616"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43968386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2101482
S. Stewart, R. Holmes, Y. Vadeboncoeur, S. Bury, S. Crump
ABSTRACT Despite the Southern Hemisphere’s high proportion of endemic diadromous fish, the trophic role of upstream migrating forage fish in freshwater ecosystems remains unquantified. We combined food web δ13C and δ15N analyses with fish biomass estimates to quantify estuarine resource contribution (from the ecologically significant Waituna lagoon) to the diet and growth of the apex predators, longfin eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Waituna Creek, Southland, Aotearoa (New Zealand) during 2019 and 2021. Our results demonstrated that exceptionally high biomasses of large predatory fishes (610–830 kg km−1) were maintained in a degraded agricultural catchment through connectivity to a near-pristine estuarine lagoon. Īnanga (Galaxias maculatus) migrating upstream from the lagoon supported 60%–80% of longfin eel and 40%–90% of brown trout biomass over the two years sampled. Mass-balance modelling suggested that large predatory fish in the Waituna Creek consume about two tonnes of migrating whitebait annually. These findings highlight the wider role of estuarine/marine subsidies in structuring New Zealand freshwater food webs and challenge the orthodoxy of ‘restoring streams from the headwaters down’. Estuarine ecosystems may be more important than headwater areas for sustaining large predatory fish, such as longfin eels, when they are food limited.
尽管南半球特有的二产卵鱼类比例很高，但上游洄游饲料鱼在淡水生态系统中的营养作用仍未量化。我们将食物网δ13C和δ15N分析与鱼类生物量估算相结合，量化了2019年和2021年期间(来自具有重要生态意义的怀图纳泻湖)对新西兰奥特罗阿南地怀图纳溪的顶级捕食者长鳍鳗(Anguilla dieffenbachii)和褐鳟(Salmo trutta)的饮食和生长的河口资源贡献。我们的研究结果表明，在退化的农业集水区，通过与近乎原始的河口泻湖的连接，大型掠食性鱼类的生物量(610-830 kg km−1)保持了异常高的水平。在两年的采样中，从泻湖上游迁移的Īnanga (Galaxias maculatus)支持了60%-80%的长鳍鳗和40%-90%的褐鳟生物量。质量平衡模型显示，怀图纳溪的大型掠食性鱼类每年吃掉大约两吨迁徙的银鱼。这些发现强调了河口/海洋补贴在构建新西兰淡水食物网中的更广泛作用，并挑战了“从源头恢复溪流”的正统观念。在食物有限的情况下，河口生态系统对于维持大型掠食性鱼类(如长鳍鳗鱼)的生存可能比水源地区更为重要。
{"title":"Sea to the mountains: quantifying freshwater eel and trout diet reliance on marine subsidies from upstream migrating fish","authors":"S. Stewart, R. Holmes, Y. Vadeboncoeur, S. Bury, S. Crump","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2101482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2101482","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite the Southern Hemisphere’s high proportion of endemic diadromous fish, the trophic role of upstream migrating forage fish in freshwater ecosystems remains unquantified. We combined food web δ13C and δ15N analyses with fish biomass estimates to quantify estuarine resource contribution (from the ecologically significant Waituna lagoon) to the diet and growth of the apex predators, longfin eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Waituna Creek, Southland, Aotearoa (New Zealand) during 2019 and 2021. Our results demonstrated that exceptionally high biomasses of large predatory fishes (610–830 kg km−1) were maintained in a degraded agricultural catchment through connectivity to a near-pristine estuarine lagoon. Īnanga (Galaxias maculatus) migrating upstream from the lagoon supported 60%–80% of longfin eel and 40%–90% of brown trout biomass over the two years sampled. Mass-balance modelling suggested that large predatory fish in the Waituna Creek consume about two tonnes of migrating whitebait annually. These findings highlight the wider role of estuarine/marine subsidies in structuring New Zealand freshwater food webs and challenge the orthodoxy of ‘restoring streams from the headwaters down’. Estuarine ecosystems may be more important than headwater areas for sustaining large predatory fish, such as longfin eels, when they are food limited.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"466 - 490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48550886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2111447
Kura Paul-Burke (Ngāti Awa, Ngāti Whakahemo), Rokahurihia Ngarimu-Cameron (Te Whānau ā Apanui, Te Whakatōhea, Joe Burke (American), Richard Bulmer (Aotearoa European), Kerry Cameron (Ngāti Kahungungu, Ngāti Porou), Tuwhakairiora O’Brien (Ngāti Awa), Charlie Bluett (Ngāti Awa), Megan Ranapia (Ngāti Awa, Tainui)
ABSTRACT Mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) is grounded in place-based, multi-generational knowledge and the connection of that knowledge with the environments from which it is derived. It takes for granted that all elements of the natural world are related, and it is upon those relationships that survival depends. A Māori worldview advocates for the responsibility of each generation to pass onto their descendants at least as good a supply of resources as they, themselves, had inherited. For Māori, the wellness of the environment is a direct reflection on the wellness of the people. This article provides an overview of a practical mātauranga Māori-led marine restoration project in Ōhiwa harbour. The transdisciplinary project worked with a traditional Māori master weaver and kaumātua (tribal elders) to develop biodegradable taura kuku (green-lipped mussel spat settlement lines, hereafter taura kuku) made from traditional Māori plant biowaste and other natural materials. The taura kuku proved a successful tool for the recruitment and settlement of wild mussel spat assisting shellfish restoration and increasing marine biodiversity in the culturally and ecologically important mahinga kai (traditional food basket) of Ōhiwa harbour.
{"title":"Taura kuku: prioritising Māori knowledge and resources to create biodegradable mussel spat settlement lines for shellfish restoration in Ōhiwa harbour","authors":"Kura Paul-Burke (Ngāti Awa, Ngāti Whakahemo), Rokahurihia Ngarimu-Cameron (Te Whānau ā Apanui, Te Whakatōhea, Joe Burke (American), Richard Bulmer (Aotearoa European), Kerry Cameron (Ngāti Kahungungu, Ngāti Porou), Tuwhakairiora O’Brien (Ngāti Awa), Charlie Bluett (Ngāti Awa), Megan Ranapia (Ngāti Awa, Tainui)","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2111447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2111447","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) is grounded in place-based, multi-generational knowledge and the connection of that knowledge with the environments from which it is derived. It takes for granted that all elements of the natural world are related, and it is upon those relationships that survival depends. A Māori worldview advocates for the responsibility of each generation to pass onto their descendants at least as good a supply of resources as they, themselves, had inherited. For Māori, the wellness of the environment is a direct reflection on the wellness of the people. This article provides an overview of a practical mātauranga Māori-led marine restoration project in Ōhiwa harbour. The transdisciplinary project worked with a traditional Māori master weaver and kaumātua (tribal elders) to develop biodegradable taura kuku (green-lipped mussel spat settlement lines, hereafter taura kuku) made from traditional Māori plant biowaste and other natural materials. The taura kuku proved a successful tool for the recruitment and settlement of wild mussel spat assisting shellfish restoration and increasing marine biodiversity in the culturally and ecologically important mahinga kai (traditional food basket) of Ōhiwa harbour.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"570 - 584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42664523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2097270
R. Le Heron, C. Lundquist, J. Logie, P. Blackett, E. Heron, S. Awatere, J. Hyslop
ABSTRACT Why have mangroves and their ecosystems been so hotly contested over the last quarter century in Aotearoa New Zealand’s northern waters? Central to ‘mangrove mania’ are multiple, competing and often antagonistic perceptions of the perceived risks posed by mangrove presence, their removal and efforts to restore them. Not surprisingly this has led to a chaotic mangrove knowledge space, with significant gaps in knowledge required to understand risks associated with mangrove management. In a socio-ecological investigation of risk questions relating to the mangrove debate, we reveal how localised contestations of mangroves have been ‘arbitrated’ – in different directions. This state of affairs has resulted from several critical threads: from many sources, pressures and intentions, but all involving the often ill-specified lens of public opinion, science practice, environmental management procedures, Māori knowledge, community views, land and inshore development, and consenting processes. We systematically examine the trajectory of these critical threads and their interactions, underlying the mangrove debate and the resulting variability in how risks are portrayed. Our evidence suggests that perceived risk of mangrove expansion, and of mangrove removal impacts, is contested and linked to different desired and imagined futures.
{"title":"A socio-ecological appraisal of perceived risks associated with mangrove (Mānawa) management in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"R. Le Heron, C. Lundquist, J. Logie, P. Blackett, E. Heron, S. Awatere, J. Hyslop","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2097270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2097270","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Why have mangroves and their ecosystems been so hotly contested over the last quarter century in Aotearoa New Zealand’s northern waters? Central to ‘mangrove mania’ are multiple, competing and often antagonistic perceptions of the perceived risks posed by mangrove presence, their removal and efforts to restore them. Not surprisingly this has led to a chaotic mangrove knowledge space, with significant gaps in knowledge required to understand risks associated with mangrove management. In a socio-ecological investigation of risk questions relating to the mangrove debate, we reveal how localised contestations of mangroves have been ‘arbitrated’ – in different directions. This state of affairs has resulted from several critical threads: from many sources, pressures and intentions, but all involving the often ill-specified lens of public opinion, science practice, environmental management procedures, Māori knowledge, community views, land and inshore development, and consenting processes. We systematically examine the trajectory of these critical threads and their interactions, underlying the mangrove debate and the resulting variability in how risks are portrayed. Our evidence suggests that perceived risk of mangrove expansion, and of mangrove removal impacts, is contested and linked to different desired and imagined futures.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"447 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45311571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2093226
Leigh M. Stevens, Barrie M. Forrest, B. Dudley, D. Plew, J. Zeldis, U. Shankar, A. Haddadchi, K. Roberts
ABSTRACT Environmental indicators that reliably describe estuary trophic response to nutrient loading are required for the effective management of New Zealand estuaries. A common estuary eutrophication response is frequent, extensive and persistent opportunistic macroalgae blooms. This study explores the utility of the Opportunistic Macroalgal Blooming Tool (OMBT) in the New River Estuary (∼4600 ha), a shallow intertidal-dominated system within a pastoral farming catchment in Southland, New Zealand. Total nitrogen (TN) loads increased from 3206 T y−1 in 2000 to 5143 T y−1 in 2020. Concomitantly, areas of opportunistic macroalgae, measured using the OMBT, expanded across the available intertidal habitat (AIH) from 34.9 ha or 1.4% of the AIH to 1383 ha or 47.6% of the AIH, and the average wet weight biomass increased from 19.3 g m−2 to a peak of 1326 g m−2 in 2019. We hypothesise that opportunistic macroalgae expanded rapidly in direct response to temporal increases in TN load, with increases disproportionately contributed by expansion and intensification of dairy farming in the catchment. This study confirmed that the OMBT predictably responded to changes in TN concentration and may therefore be useful in defining estuary-specific TN concentration thresholds to inform likely load reductions required to achieve improved environmental outcomes.
摘要新西兰河口的有效管理需要可靠地描述河口对营养物质负荷的营养反应的环境指标。常见的河口富营养化反应是频繁、广泛和持久的机会性大型藻类水华。本研究探讨了机会大型藻类开花工具（OMBT）在新河河口（~4600公顷）的效用，新河河口是新西兰南部牧场集水区内一个以潮间带为主的浅层系统。总氮负荷从3206增加 2000年T y−1至5143 2020年T y−1。同时，使用OMBT测量的机会大型藻类的面积在可用的潮间带栖息地（AIH）从34.9公顷（占AIH的1.4%）扩大到1383公顷（占AIAH的47.6%），平均湿重生物量从19.3增加 g m−2至1326的峰值 g m−2。我们假设，机会性大型藻类在TN负荷随时间增加的直接反应中迅速扩张，而集水区奶牛养殖的扩张和集约化对其增长的贡献不成比例。这项研究证实，OMBT可预测地响应TN浓度的变化，因此可能有助于定义河口特定的TN浓度阈值，以告知实现改善环境结果所需的可能负荷减少。
{"title":"Use of a multi-metric macroalgal index to document severe eutrophication in a New Zealand estuary","authors":"Leigh M. Stevens, Barrie M. Forrest, B. Dudley, D. Plew, J. Zeldis, U. Shankar, A. Haddadchi, K. Roberts","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2093226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2093226","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Environmental indicators that reliably describe estuary trophic response to nutrient loading are required for the effective management of New Zealand estuaries. A common estuary eutrophication response is frequent, extensive and persistent opportunistic macroalgae blooms. This study explores the utility of the Opportunistic Macroalgal Blooming Tool (OMBT) in the New River Estuary (∼4600 ha), a shallow intertidal-dominated system within a pastoral farming catchment in Southland, New Zealand. Total nitrogen (TN) loads increased from 3206 T y−1 in 2000 to 5143 T y−1 in 2020. Concomitantly, areas of opportunistic macroalgae, measured using the OMBT, expanded across the available intertidal habitat (AIH) from 34.9 ha or 1.4% of the AIH to 1383 ha or 47.6% of the AIH, and the average wet weight biomass increased from 19.3 g m−2 to a peak of 1326 g m−2 in 2019. We hypothesise that opportunistic macroalgae expanded rapidly in direct response to temporal increases in TN load, with increases disproportionately contributed by expansion and intensification of dairy farming in the catchment. This study confirmed that the OMBT predictably responded to changes in TN concentration and may therefore be useful in defining estuary-specific TN concentration thresholds to inform likely load reductions required to achieve improved environmental outcomes.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"410 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41895058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2102045
K. Bryan, Benjamin T. Stewart, Alexander Port, Hannah F. E. Jones, C. Pilditch
ABSTRACT Estuaries are the receiving environment for catchment-derived contaminants, the fate of which depends on the interplay between the estuarine geomorphology and hydrodynamics. In large estuaries, biophysical processes are spatially and temporally-diverse, which makes understanding and managing the impact of human activities challenging. Here we use two common modelling approaches to explore the advantages and limitations of biophysical modelling as a tool for limit setting in a large barrier-enclosed estuary in New Zealand. The model shows the large spatial variation in water quality associated with low upper harbour flushing. Variations can also be attributed to spatial variation in processes (such as denitrification). Although the non-linear interactions between processes within these models can limit the value of using specific detail of outputs for decision making, the general patterns and sensitivities can be used to define areas, explore connectivity, and provide some information when monitoring data is lacking. Even in a deterministic modelling environment, it can very difficult to attribute water quality variations output at one location to the loading that caused these variations. While biophysical modelling will likely remain a core tool for informing management, any future development of limit setting methods for estuaries should recognise the inherent constraints we describe here.
{"title":"The advantages and limitations of biophysical modelling as a tool for informing limit setting in New Zealand’s barrier-enclosed estuaries","authors":"K. Bryan, Benjamin T. Stewart, Alexander Port, Hannah F. E. Jones, C. Pilditch","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2102045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2102045","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Estuaries are the receiving environment for catchment-derived contaminants, the fate of which depends on the interplay between the estuarine geomorphology and hydrodynamics. In large estuaries, biophysical processes are spatially and temporally-diverse, which makes understanding and managing the impact of human activities challenging. Here we use two common modelling approaches to explore the advantages and limitations of biophysical modelling as a tool for limit setting in a large barrier-enclosed estuary in New Zealand. The model shows the large spatial variation in water quality associated with low upper harbour flushing. Variations can also be attributed to spatial variation in processes (such as denitrification). Although the non-linear interactions between processes within these models can limit the value of using specific detail of outputs for decision making, the general patterns and sensitivities can be used to define areas, explore connectivity, and provide some information when monitoring data is lacking. Even in a deterministic modelling environment, it can very difficult to attribute water quality variations output at one location to the loading that caused these variations. While biophysical modelling will likely remain a core tool for informing management, any future development of limit setting methods for estuaries should recognise the inherent constraints we describe here.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"509 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58796320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2107027
E. Douglas, R. Bulmer, Iain T. MacDonald, A. Lohrer
ABSTRACT Estuaries are hotspots of primary productivity and nutrient transformation that contribute to food webs and ecosystem functioning locally and in adjacent ecosystems. The depth-dependence of nutrient transformation and primary productivity rates in the water column and the seafloor were investigated, and the lateral transport of solutes and materials across the estuary mouth were quantified. Using an estuary dominated by shallow soft-sediment habitats as a case study, the effects of sea level rise (SLR) on productivity and nutrient transformation processes were projected. The estuary was a net importer of dissolved nutrients from the coast, and a net exporter of suspended sediments and chlorophyll a, supporting the notion that estuaries are important nutrient transformation reactors. A significant depth (and light) effect on productivity indicates that increasing stressors associated with climate change that reduce light at the seafloor (SLR and increased turbidity) will negatively impact estuarine productivity. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic habitats were responsible for most of the productivity of the estuary and this is likely to be consistent for other shallow estuaries globally. SLR and anthropogenic intervention that prevents landward migration (i.e. seawalls and armouring), will result in the loss of these habitats and their significant contributions to adjacent coastal ecosystems.
{"title":"Estuaries as coastal reactors: importance of shallow seafloor habitats for primary productivity and nutrient transformation, and impacts of sea level rise","authors":"E. Douglas, R. Bulmer, Iain T. MacDonald, A. Lohrer","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2107027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2107027","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Estuaries are hotspots of primary productivity and nutrient transformation that contribute to food webs and ecosystem functioning locally and in adjacent ecosystems. The depth-dependence of nutrient transformation and primary productivity rates in the water column and the seafloor were investigated, and the lateral transport of solutes and materials across the estuary mouth were quantified. Using an estuary dominated by shallow soft-sediment habitats as a case study, the effects of sea level rise (SLR) on productivity and nutrient transformation processes were projected. The estuary was a net importer of dissolved nutrients from the coast, and a net exporter of suspended sediments and chlorophyll a, supporting the notion that estuaries are important nutrient transformation reactors. A significant depth (and light) effect on productivity indicates that increasing stressors associated with climate change that reduce light at the seafloor (SLR and increased turbidity) will negatively impact estuarine productivity. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic habitats were responsible for most of the productivity of the estuary and this is likely to be consistent for other shallow estuaries globally. SLR and anthropogenic intervention that prevents landward migration (i.e. seawalls and armouring), will result in the loss of these habitats and their significant contributions to adjacent coastal ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"553 - 569"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42176636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2114364
D. Clark, J. Clapcott, E. Gee, A. Lohrer, Kura Paul-Burke, C. Howard-Williams
encouraging broad collab-oration and bridging institutional divides and research disciplines. A cross-challenge initiative (Ki uta ki tai) 2 between Sustainable Seas, Our Land Our Water, 3 the Ministry for the Environment and multiple iwi partners is a New Zealand fi rst. The project was speci fi cally designed to improve linkages between freshwater and estuarine management approaches. It aims to identify stress-response relationships that will be integral to limit-setting and has shown that estuaries do not always respond to stressors in the same manner. Estuaries may not respond to management actions immediately either, with recent research identifying time lags in ecological health in connected freshwater and estuarine ecosystems across Aotearoa (Berthelsen et al. 2020). These studies suggest that national-scale limit setting may fail to reverse degradation in certain estuaries, or parts of estuaries, without more nuanced tools and guidance.
鼓励广泛合作，弥合机构分歧和研究学科。“可持续的海洋，我们的土地，我们的水”，环境部和多个iwi合作伙伴之间的跨挑战倡议(Ki uta Ki tai)是新西兰的第一个。该项目是专门为改善淡水和河口管理办法之间的联系而设计的。它的目的是确定压力-反应关系，这将是限制设置的组成部分，并表明河口并不总是以相同的方式对压力源作出反应。河口可能也不会立即对管理行动作出反应，最近的研究发现，整个奥特罗阿地区相连的淡水和河口生态系统的生态健康存在时间滞后(Berthelsen et al. 2020)。这些研究表明，如果没有更细致的工具和指导，国家尺度的限制设置可能无法逆转某些河口或部分河口的退化。
{"title":"Transcending boundaries: transitioning toward integrated estuary management in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"D. Clark, J. Clapcott, E. Gee, A. Lohrer, Kura Paul-Burke, C. Howard-Williams","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2114364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2114364","url":null,"abstract":"encouraging broad collab-oration and bridging institutional divides and research disciplines. A cross-challenge initiative (Ki uta ki tai) 2 between Sustainable Seas, Our Land Our Water, 3 the Ministry for the Environment and multiple iwi partners is a New Zealand fi rst. The project was speci fi cally designed to improve linkages between freshwater and estuarine management approaches. It aims to identify stress-response relationships that will be integral to limit-setting and has shown that estuaries do not always respond to stressors in the same manner. Estuaries may not respond to management actions immediately either, with recent research identifying time lags in ecological health in connected freshwater and estuarine ecosystems across Aotearoa (Berthelsen et al. 2020). These studies suggest that national-scale limit setting may fail to reverse degradation in certain estuaries, or parts of estuaries, without more nuanced tools and guidance.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"303 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46442361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2088569
M. Gall, R. Davies‐Colley, Juliet Milne, R. Stott
ABSTRACT Muddy, faecally-contaminated river flood plumes in coastal waters are a hazard to contact recreation and bivalve shellfish consumption but are difficult to study, being episodic and transient. We used a new underway flow-through sampler in a small, fast boat, to map a flood plume within Wellington Harbour, while simultaneously sampling water in the Hutt River inflow. Faecal contamination (indexed by E.coli) correlated with flow, salinity, coloured dissolved organic matter, total suspended solids (TSS) and water clarity (light beam attenuation and visual clarity). The freshwater content of the plume agreed well with time-integrated river discharge. Despite the relatively short time-scale (<12 h) of the event, a 21% loss of TSS (particle flocculation and settling), and 30% loss in E. coli (suggesting some die-off) occurred in the plume compared to river loads. E. coli relative to TSS varied up to two orders of magnitude over a year of river flood sampling. A rapid survey of plumes combined with long-term river observations is expected to augment monitoring and inform the extension of remote sensing and modelling efforts to faecal contamination of New Zealand coastal waters.
{"title":"Suspended sediment and faecal contamination in a stormflow plume from the Hutt River in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand","authors":"M. Gall, R. Davies‐Colley, Juliet Milne, R. Stott","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2088569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2088569","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Muddy, faecally-contaminated river flood plumes in coastal waters are a hazard to contact recreation and bivalve shellfish consumption but are difficult to study, being episodic and transient. We used a new underway flow-through sampler in a small, fast boat, to map a flood plume within Wellington Harbour, while simultaneously sampling water in the Hutt River inflow. Faecal contamination (indexed by E.coli) correlated with flow, salinity, coloured dissolved organic matter, total suspended solids (TSS) and water clarity (light beam attenuation and visual clarity). The freshwater content of the plume agreed well with time-integrated river discharge. Despite the relatively short time-scale (<12 h) of the event, a 21% loss of TSS (particle flocculation and settling), and 30% loss in E. coli (suggesting some die-off) occurred in the plume compared to river loads. E. coli relative to TSS varied up to two orders of magnitude over a year of river flood sampling. A rapid survey of plumes combined with long-term river observations is expected to augment monitoring and inform the extension of remote sensing and modelling efforts to faecal contamination of New Zealand coastal waters.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"389 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44161651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2103159
S. Langhans, Alice Neilson, M. Schallenberg
ABSTRACT Community participation is increasingly embedded into environmental policy with the aim of accelerating transformative change towards sustainable management. A common approach to engaging with communities is through key stakeholders, who are still often selected ad hoc based on their activities. We tested an analytical approach for identifying distinct groups of community preferences as part of a case study to develop a community-led management plan for Blueskin Bay estuary and its catchment. We interviewed 36 community members to elicit their preferences for predefined management objectives following a standardised protocol. Using an agglomerative hierarchical analysis, we determined value-preference clusters for high-level management objectives and more specific objectives. At both levels combined, preference clusters were attributed to some of the commercial interests, such as cockle harvesting, forestry or tourism, which we also identified ad hoc based on their activities in the Blueskin Bay area. However, in addition, cluster analyses revealed five additional preference types: Urban Development Advocates, Cultural Environmentalists, Economic Environmentalists, Integrative Thinkers and those with Diverse Interests. We conclude that cluster analysis more objectively and specifically maps community preferences and, consequently, increases the robustness of collaborative environmental management processes, such as the one underway for Blueskin Bay estuary.
{"title":"Cluster analysis reveals latent structure in stakeholder interests relevant to the management of Blueskin Bay estuary, Otago, Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"S. Langhans, Alice Neilson, M. Schallenberg","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2103159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2103159","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Community participation is increasingly embedded into environmental policy with the aim of accelerating transformative change towards sustainable management. A common approach to engaging with communities is through key stakeholders, who are still often selected ad hoc based on their activities. We tested an analytical approach for identifying distinct groups of community preferences as part of a case study to develop a community-led management plan for Blueskin Bay estuary and its catchment. We interviewed 36 community members to elicit their preferences for predefined management objectives following a standardised protocol. Using an agglomerative hierarchical analysis, we determined value-preference clusters for high-level management objectives and more specific objectives. At both levels combined, preference clusters were attributed to some of the commercial interests, such as cockle harvesting, forestry or tourism, which we also identified ad hoc based on their activities in the Blueskin Bay area. However, in addition, cluster analyses revealed five additional preference types: Urban Development Advocates, Cultural Environmentalists, Economic Environmentalists, Integrative Thinkers and those with Diverse Interests. We conclude that cluster analysis more objectively and specifically maps community preferences and, consequently, increases the robustness of collaborative environmental management processes, such as the one underway for Blueskin Bay estuary.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"531 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46894655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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