Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2023.2201340
Sixue Cheng, Hai-jiang Liu
In this study, a speed parameter is introduced into the steady Korteweg–de Vries (KdV)–Burgers equation which enables the theoretical undular bore profiles to be adjustable with a proper combination of the speed parameter and the viscous damping parameter. A new criterion for identifying the above two bores is then proposed with respect to these two parameters, whose influence on the undular bore profile is then discussed. For the theoretical solution with a small damping, error after introducing the variable speed parameter is limited. A large speed parameter corresponds to a wide range of acceptable dampings. From the energy perspective, it is confirmed that the speed parameter also denotes the nonlinearity effect. In addition, comparison between the theoretical and experimental results shows the superiority of the present model over the traditional model, which also reveals the physical meanings of the present model.
{"title":"On adjustable undular bore profiles based on the modified steady KdV–Burgers equation","authors":"Sixue Cheng, Hai-jiang Liu","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2023.2201340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2023.2201340","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a speed parameter is introduced into the steady Korteweg–de Vries (KdV)–Burgers equation which enables the theoretical undular bore profiles to be adjustable with a proper combination of the speed parameter and the viscous damping parameter. A new criterion for identifying the above two bores is then proposed with respect to these two parameters, whose influence on the undular bore profile is then discussed. For the theoretical solution with a small damping, error after introducing the variable speed parameter is limited. A large speed parameter corresponds to a wide range of acceptable dampings. From the energy perspective, it is confirmed that the speed parameter also denotes the nonlinearity effect. In addition, comparison between the theoretical and experimental results shows the superiority of the present model over the traditional model, which also reveals the physical meanings of the present model.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46014273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2023.2224756
D. Pokrajac
Shallow water equations (SWEs) have been traditionally derived by integrating fundamental flow equations over a flow profile above a single point in a horizontal or nearly horizontal plane, with the main assumptions that the profile thickness is much smaller than other two dimensions and it contains only water. This paper presents the derivation of generalized SWEs (GSWEs) obtained for a finite plan area, allowing for the presence of phases other than water, such as air, grains, vegetation, and debris, which can be either stationary or mobile. The derivation provides a rigorous basis for various applications of layer-averaged models and opens numerous research questions, some of which are highlighted in the paper.
{"title":"General shallow water equations (GSWEs)","authors":"D. Pokrajac","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2023.2224756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2023.2224756","url":null,"abstract":"Shallow water equations (SWEs) have been traditionally derived by integrating fundamental flow equations over a flow profile above a single point in a horizontal or nearly horizontal plane, with the main assumptions that the profile thickness is much smaller than other two dimensions and it contains only water. This paper presents the derivation of generalized SWEs (GSWEs) obtained for a finite plan area, allowing for the presence of phases other than water, such as air, grains, vegetation, and debris, which can be either stationary or mobile. The derivation provides a rigorous basis for various applications of layer-averaged models and opens numerous research questions, some of which are highlighted in the paper.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48425115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2023.2180442
A. Azadi, B. Firoozabadi, A. A. Ashnani, Shayan Habibi
ABSTRACT Coral reefs around the discharge areas of desalination plants have effects on the distribution and dilution of discharged saline jet. In the present study, effects of bed obstacles with different heights on the behaviour of inclined negatively buoyant jets (INBJs), including dilution and spatial characteristics, are experimentally investigated using the light attenuation (LA) optical method. Present experiments show that as the confinement induced by the bed and obstacle intensifies, the maximum normalized jet centreline dilution decreases up to 40%. As the jet approaches the obstacle, spreading along the inner and outer edges of the jet increases. The present results also show that upstream of the maximum height point, the jet is not considerably sensitive to the bed obstacle since the momentum dominates the jet behaviour. However, the jet dilution in regions downstream the maximum height point reduces when the obstacle is present.
{"title":"Effects of bed obstacles on the behaviour of inclined dense jets","authors":"A. Azadi, B. Firoozabadi, A. A. Ashnani, Shayan Habibi","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2023.2180442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2023.2180442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Coral reefs around the discharge areas of desalination plants have effects on the distribution and dilution of discharged saline jet. In the present study, effects of bed obstacles with different heights on the behaviour of inclined negatively buoyant jets (INBJs), including dilution and spatial characteristics, are experimentally investigated using the light attenuation (LA) optical method. Present experiments show that as the confinement induced by the bed and obstacle intensifies, the maximum normalized jet centreline dilution decreases up to 40%. As the jet approaches the obstacle, spreading along the inner and outer edges of the jet increases. The present results also show that upstream of the maximum height point, the jet is not considerably sensitive to the bed obstacle since the momentum dominates the jet behaviour. However, the jet dilution in regions downstream the maximum height point reduces when the obstacle is present.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42433899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2023.2180443
G. Hoffmans
ABSTRACT This article discusses the piping erosion time, where pipes start to erode in aquifers underneath dikes and dams until they reach their critical values. The magnitude of the piping erosion time significantly determines the risk of failure of water defences. The time-scale equation is based on a sediment mass balance equation and appropriate bedload transport predictors, assuming the erosion process to be continuous. We argue that the flow is laminar for pipes in sandy aquifers and turbulent for pipes in gravel aquifers. We then account for aquifer composition in examining pipe erosion by discussing different bedload transport predictors for each flow regime. To estimate the turbulence intensity, we have used and modified the Einstein bedload transport theory. The time-scale relation includes the effects of meander bends and has been tested for some experiments on a small scale and on a large scale.
{"title":"Erosion time scale in pipes below dikes for turbulent and laminar flow","authors":"G. Hoffmans","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2023.2180443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2023.2180443","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article discusses the piping erosion time, where pipes start to erode in aquifers underneath dikes and dams until they reach their critical values. The magnitude of the piping erosion time significantly determines the risk of failure of water defences. The time-scale equation is based on a sediment mass balance equation and appropriate bedload transport predictors, assuming the erosion process to be continuous. We argue that the flow is laminar for pipes in sandy aquifers and turbulent for pipes in gravel aquifers. We then account for aquifer composition in examining pipe erosion by discussing different bedload transport predictors for each flow regime. To estimate the turbulence intensity, we have used and modified the Einstein bedload transport theory. The time-scale relation includes the effects of meander bends and has been tested for some experiments on a small scale and on a large scale.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41939329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2161960
Alexandre Da Silva Pinheiro, L. Monteiro, Maria Do Céu De Sousa Teixeira De Almeida, D. Covas
ABSTRACT Mixing and renewal processes are crucial for maintaining adequate drinking water quality in storage tanks. This paper studies the influence of baffle structures and of fill-and-draw cycles on water mixing and renewal in rectangular cross-section tanks through laboratory tracer tests carried out in two small-scale tanks (with and without baffles) and compares with results from a full-scale test. This study shows that the use of baffles inhibits water mixing and keeps older water pockets in small recirculation zones, though baffles allow faster water renewal than in open tanks for lower flow rates. High water volume variation in fill-and-draw cycles (between 50% to 80%) promotes water renewal, independently of the tank configuration (i.e. cross-section and the existence of baffles). Despite the existing baffle structure in the full-scale rectangular tank with 20% water volume variation, the high flow rates allowed a rapid renewal of the stored water.
{"title":"Water mixing in rectangular storage tanks: small-scale versus field tests","authors":"Alexandre Da Silva Pinheiro, L. Monteiro, Maria Do Céu De Sousa Teixeira De Almeida, D. Covas","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2161960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2161960","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mixing and renewal processes are crucial for maintaining adequate drinking water quality in storage tanks. This paper studies the influence of baffle structures and of fill-and-draw cycles on water mixing and renewal in rectangular cross-section tanks through laboratory tracer tests carried out in two small-scale tanks (with and without baffles) and compares with results from a full-scale test. This study shows that the use of baffles inhibits water mixing and keeps older water pockets in small recirculation zones, though baffles allow faster water renewal than in open tanks for lower flow rates. High water volume variation in fill-and-draw cycles (between 50% to 80%) promotes water renewal, independently of the tank configuration (i.e. cross-section and the existence of baffles). Despite the existing baffle structure in the full-scale rectangular tank with 20% water volume variation, the high flow rates allowed a rapid renewal of the stored water.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47721407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2161962
J. Lian, Xin Eric Wang, Dongming Liu
where Co is the so-called choking number (Crispino et al., 2019; Stahl & Hager, 1999), F the approach Froude number, Y∗ = Ht/h0 the sequent depth ratio for pressurized flows for a rectangular tunnel, Ht the tunnel height and h0 the water depth. When Eqs (1) and (2) are applied, the detailed parameters of the spillway tunnel of Jinping-I dam are listed in Table C1, in which s is the gate opening percentage, hgate the height of gate opening, hc the water depth of the contraction section downstream the gate (Henry, 1977), B the tunnel width, Hteq = A/B the equivalent tunnel height and A ≈ 206m2 the sectional area Figure C1 Comparison of β: (a) prototype observations, (b) Eq. (1), (c) the model of the original article
其中，Co是所谓的阻塞数（Crispino et al.，2019；Stahl&Hager，1999），F是接近弗劳德数，Y*=Ht/h0是矩形隧道加压流的顺序深度比，Ht是隧道高度，h0是水深。当应用等式（1）和（2）时，锦屏一号大坝泄洪洞的详细参数如表C1所示，其中s为闸门开启百分比，hgate为闸门开启高度，hc为闸门下游收缩段的水深（Henry，1977），B为隧洞宽度，Hteq=A/B等效隧道高度，A≈206m2截面面积图C1β的比较：（A）原型观测，（B）方程。（1），（c）原始文章的模型
{"title":"Closure to “Air demand prediction and air duct design optimization method for spillway tunnel”","authors":"J. Lian, Xin Eric Wang, Dongming Liu","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2161962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2161962","url":null,"abstract":"where Co is the so-called choking number (Crispino et al., 2019; Stahl & Hager, 1999), F the approach Froude number, Y∗ = Ht/h0 the sequent depth ratio for pressurized flows for a rectangular tunnel, Ht the tunnel height and h0 the water depth. When Eqs (1) and (2) are applied, the detailed parameters of the spillway tunnel of Jinping-I dam are listed in Table C1, in which s is the gate opening percentage, hgate the height of gate opening, hc the water depth of the contraction section downstream the gate (Henry, 1977), B the tunnel width, Hteq = A/B the equivalent tunnel height and A ≈ 206m2 the sectional area Figure C1 Comparison of β: (a) prototype observations, (b) Eq. (1), (c) the model of the original article","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44770169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2161430
G. Crispino, C. Gisonni
The Authors presented a fascinating research work on the air demand in spillways. The investigation was based on the air demand observations along the spillway tunnel of the Jinping-I dam, in China. Prototypal and 3D numerical model data of the total air demand, Q air , along the spillway tunnel
{"title":"Air demand prediction and air duct design optimization method for spillway tunnel By JIJIAN LIAN, XIAOQUN WANG and DONGMING LIU, J. Hydraulic Res., 59(3), 2021, 448–461, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1780499","authors":"G. Crispino, C. Gisonni","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2161430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2161430","url":null,"abstract":"The Authors presented a fascinating research work on the air demand in spillways. The investigation was based on the air demand observations along the spillway tunnel of the Jinping-I dam, in China. Prototypal and 3D numerical model data of the total air demand, Q air , along the spillway tunnel","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44980321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2023.2180441
L. E. Schwab, C. Rehmann
ABSTRACT An expression for the transverse mixing coefficient in a rectangular channel is derived to evaluate the importance of transverse turbulent diffusion. Although some formulas for the transverse mixing coefficient account for both turbulent diffusion and shear dispersion, most calculations of the transverse dispersion coefficient do not include the effect of transverse turbulent diffusion on shear dispersion. Both vertical and transverse turbulent diffusion contribute appreciably to transverse shear dispersion, and the direct contribution of transverse turbulent diffusion to transverse mixing is important for a range of conditions commonly observed in natural channels. A comparison of predicted and measured transverse mixing coefficients supports including turbulent diffusion in analyses of transverse mixing – both in its effect on shear dispersion and as a direct mechanism of transport.
{"title":"Importance of turbulent diffusion in transverse mixing in rivers","authors":"L. E. Schwab, C. Rehmann","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2023.2180441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2023.2180441","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An expression for the transverse mixing coefficient in a rectangular channel is derived to evaluate the importance of transverse turbulent diffusion. Although some formulas for the transverse mixing coefficient account for both turbulent diffusion and shear dispersion, most calculations of the transverse dispersion coefficient do not include the effect of transverse turbulent diffusion on shear dispersion. Both vertical and transverse turbulent diffusion contribute appreciably to transverse shear dispersion, and the direct contribution of transverse turbulent diffusion to transverse mixing is important for a range of conditions commonly observed in natural channels. A comparison of predicted and measured transverse mixing coefficients supports including turbulent diffusion in analyses of transverse mixing – both in its effect on shear dispersion and as a direct mechanism of transport.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42288136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2161957
Hongbao Huang, Jianmin Zhang, J. Meng
ABSTRACT The flows past an array of square cylinders occur in wide range of applications. To study these flows, we conducted three-dimensional large-eddy simulations for flows past an array of the circular shape formed by multiple smaller square cylinders, where the Reynolds number defined by the array diameter was 1994. We conducted simulations with different solid volume fractions (SVFs) of the square cylinder array ( ). The effects of these configurations on flow characteristics were analyzed. Periodic drag fluctuation was observed when the SVF was small since the distance between the square cylinder was large, and the vortex shedding occurred with impact from other cylinders. No significant fluctuation in the drag was observed over time when the SVF was large. The minimum distance between the square cylinders was used to measure the degree of vortex shedding and reflect the relationship between the square cylinder position and the drag fluctuation.
{"title":"Large eddy simulation of flows past an array of square cylinders","authors":"Hongbao Huang, Jianmin Zhang, J. Meng","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2161957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2161957","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The flows past an array of square cylinders occur in wide range of applications. To study these flows, we conducted three-dimensional large-eddy simulations for flows past an array of the circular shape formed by multiple smaller square cylinders, where the Reynolds number defined by the array diameter was 1994. We conducted simulations with different solid volume fractions (SVFs) of the square cylinder array ( ). The effects of these configurations on flow characteristics were analyzed. Periodic drag fluctuation was observed when the SVF was small since the distance between the square cylinder was large, and the vortex shedding occurred with impact from other cylinders. No significant fluctuation in the drag was observed over time when the SVF was large. The minimum distance between the square cylinders was used to measure the degree of vortex shedding and reflect the relationship between the square cylinder position and the drag fluctuation.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43079417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2022.2161961
Ruidi Bai, Rongcai Tang, F. Murzyn, Han Wang
ABSTRACT Study of hydraulic jumps following aerated supercritical flow has been limited, although this is a common scenario in stilling basins preceded by open-channel spillways. New experiments were performed in a concrete stilling basin model downstream of a sloping stepped chute, where hydraulic jumps were generated on the horizontal stilling basin bed and characterized by bubbly approach flow with Froude numbers 7.6 and 9.3 and Reynolds numbers in the order of 105. Measurements were focused on the jump toe oscillations, jump roller length, and air–water flow property distributions. Comparison of the results with literature data under non-aerated inflow conditions suggested overall insignificant pre-aeration effects on the investigated air–water flow properties, although some comparative analyses were subject to scale effects. The streamwise evolution of air flux suggested that the pre-entrained air did not intrude deeply into the jet-shear layer beyond 1/5 to 1/3 roller length from the jump toe.
{"title":"Pre-aerated classic hydraulic jump downstream a partly-stepped chute","authors":"Ruidi Bai, Rongcai Tang, F. Murzyn, Han Wang","doi":"10.1080/00221686.2022.2161961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2161961","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Study of hydraulic jumps following aerated supercritical flow has been limited, although this is a common scenario in stilling basins preceded by open-channel spillways. New experiments were performed in a concrete stilling basin model downstream of a sloping stepped chute, where hydraulic jumps were generated on the horizontal stilling basin bed and characterized by bubbly approach flow with Froude numbers 7.6 and 9.3 and Reynolds numbers in the order of 105. Measurements were focused on the jump toe oscillations, jump roller length, and air–water flow property distributions. Comparison of the results with literature data under non-aerated inflow conditions suggested overall insignificant pre-aeration effects on the investigated air–water flow properties, although some comparative analyses were subject to scale effects. The streamwise evolution of air flux suggested that the pre-entrained air did not intrude deeply into the jet-shear layer beyond 1/5 to 1/3 roller length from the jump toe.","PeriodicalId":54802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43420203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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