Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics最新文献_第5页

Clinical Dietitians' Perspectives on Nutritional Management in Children's Palliative Care: A Qualitative Study 临床营养师对儿童姑息治疗营养管理的看法：一项质性研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.70174

Gro Trae, Anette Winger, Marianne Nordstrøm

Background

Feeding disorders and gastrointestinal problems are among the most prevalent concerns in children who are eligible for palliative care. Many of these children require medical nutrition therapy and benefit from the involvement of healthcare professionals with expertise in nutrition, such as dietitians. Dietitians may help alleviate the practical and emotional burden parents experience when caring for their sick child at home. However, research is limited regarding dietitians' roles and contributions in children's palliative care.

Aim

This study explores dietitians' experiences and perceptions of nutritional management and care of children in palliative care in Norway.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 dietitians who provide nutritional management to children in palliative care, and the data were analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach, as described by Braun and Clarke.

Results

Four themes were developed through this analysis: First, nutrition is a core component of comprehensive palliative care; second, organisational placement affects dietitians' involvement; third, fragile structures for nutritional care; fourth, close bonds between the family and the dietitian. We found that dietitians face complex feeding and gastrointestinal challenges when working with children and view nutritional care as a responsibility best addressed by a multidisciplinary team, rather than a task for the dietitian to manage independently. Organisational structure impacts a dietitian's ability to collaborate effectively with other professionals in providing nutritional care. Dietitians' knowledge of children's palliative care is primarily experience-based, and they often lack professional support in decision-making processes. Nevertheless, dietitians maintain close, ongoing contact with the families of the children they treat and tailor their approach to meet these families' needs as the children's conditions progress.

Conclusion

Nutrition is a core component of comprehensive palliative care and can impact the quality of life of children and their families. Therefore, it should be an integrated component of multidisciplinary palliative care for children.

背景：在有资格接受姑息治疗的儿童中，进食障碍和胃肠道问题是最普遍的问题。其中许多儿童需要医疗营养治疗，并受益于具有营养专业知识的保健专业人员（如营养师）的参与。营养师可以帮助减轻父母在家照顾生病孩子时所经历的实际和情感负担。然而，关于营养师在儿童姑息治疗中的作用和贡献的研究是有限的。目的：本研究探讨营养学家在挪威姑息治疗中对儿童营养管理和护理的经验和看法。方法：对11名在姑息治疗中为儿童提供营养管理的营养师进行半结构化访谈，并使用Braun和Clarke描述的反身性主题分析方法对数据进行分析。结果：通过分析得出了四个主题：第一，营养是综合姑息治疗的核心组成部分；第二，组织位置影响营养师的参与；第三，营养护理结构脆弱；第四，家庭和营养师之间的紧密联系。我们发现营养师在与儿童一起工作时面临着复杂的喂养和胃肠道挑战，并且将营养护理视为最好由多学科团队解决的责任，而不是营养师独立管理的任务。组织结构影响营养师与其他专业人士有效合作提供营养护理的能力。营养师对儿童姑息治疗的知识主要是基于经验的，他们在决策过程中往往缺乏专业支持。然而，营养师与他们所治疗的儿童的家庭保持密切、持续的联系，并根据儿童病情的进展调整他们的方法，以满足这些家庭的需求。结论：营养是综合姑息治疗的核心组成部分，可以影响儿童及其家庭的生活质量。因此，它应该是儿童多学科姑息治疗的一个综合组成部分。

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引用次数: 0

Associations Between Plate Waste, Food Experience and Meal Quality in a Hospital Inpatient Setting: An Exploratory Study 医院住院病人餐盘浪费、食物体验与膳食质量之关系：一项探索性研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.70175

Samia Sfeir, James Bartholomew, Julianne Donnelly, Amy Moores, Joanna McCormack, Michelle Palmer

Aim

Given the limited literature internationally, this cross-sectional study explored associations between inpatient plate waste, food experience and meal quality.

Methods

Eligible participants were adult inpatients ( $� � � � � \geq � � � �$ 18 years) ordering the same meal as the scheduled test meal. The Meal Quality Audit Tool (MQAT) assessed the temperature and sensory quality of the test meal, the Hospital Food Experience Questionnaire (HFEQ) assessed patient meal experience and plate waste was visually estimated. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with plate waste. Chi-squared or nonparametric t-tests were used to compare MQAT data with patient, audit and HFEQ data.

Results

Eligible participants (n = 187) were (mean ± SD) 59 ± 21 years, 51% female, 73% hospital stay of < 1 week and 57% had data collected at lunch. Across 41 test meals audited, temperature was the only MQAT element not meeting targets. Most patients (68%, n = 120/176) had 0% or 25% plate waste and a median (IQR) HFEQ score of 91 (82–98). For every 1-point increase in patient food experience score, the odds of achieving lower plate waste (≤ 25% plate waste) increased by 5% (OR 0.953, p < 0.05). When temperatures of matched test meals met temperature targets, the odds of lower plate waste (≤ 25% plate waste) increased by 82% (OR 0.183, p < 0.01). Sensory meal quality was not associated with plate waste or food experience (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Lower plate waste (≤ 25% plate waste) was associated with higher patient food experience and meal temperatures meeting temperature targets. However larger, multicentre studies involving diverse patient groups are required to confirm these relationships.

目的：鉴于国际上文献有限，本横断面研究探讨住院病人盘子浪费、食物体验和膳食质量之间的关系。方法：符合条件的参与者是与预定试验餐订购相同餐点的成年住院患者（≥18岁）。用餐质量审计工具（MQAT）评估了测试餐的温度和感官质量，医院饮食体验问卷（HFEQ）评估了患者的用餐体验，并对盘子浪费进行了视觉估计。采用二元logistic回归分析确定与板材浪费相关的因素。采用卡方检验或非参数t检验将MQAT数据与患者、审计和HFEQ数据进行比较。结果：符合条件的参与者（n = 187）年龄（mean±SD）为59±21岁，女性占51%，住院时间（0.05）占73%。结论：较低的盘子浪费（≤25%的盘子浪费）与较高的患者食物体验和符合温度目标的用餐温度相关。然而，需要更大的、涉及不同患者群体的多中心研究来证实这些关系。

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引用次数: 0

Nutrition Support Interventions for Children and Young People Treated for Osteosarcoma: A Scoping Review 营养支持干预治疗儿童和青少年骨肉瘤：范围综述

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.70172

Laura Sealy, Maddie Smith, Sarah Barrett, Divyalakshmi Bhaskaran, Helen Rees, Raquel Revuelta Iniesta

<div> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>To map evidence for nutrition interventions during osteosarcoma (OS) treatment for children and young people (CYP), identifying gaps to inform research for this predominantly adolescent group.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Design</h3> <p>Scoping review following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Data Sources</h3> <p>MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, EMCARE and CENTRAL were searched from inception to July 2025 using a three-step search strategy (pilot, full, reference screening).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Eligibility Criteria</h3> <p>Studies were included if they assessed nutrition interventions in patients with OS aged < 25 years undergoing treatment. Mixed cancer cohorts were eligible if > 50% had OS or OS data were reported separately. Exclusions: qualitative studies, patients > 25 years, survivors, animal or in vitro studies.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> <p>Four reviewers independently screened studies. Data on methodologies, nutrition interventions, outcomes and study design limitations were extracted and reported descriptively.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Of 7874 records retrieved, 15 studies (2001–2024) from 4 high- and 4 middle-income countries met inclusion, involving 964 participants (median age 13.3 years), including 5 conference abstracts. Ten studies addressed comprehensive nutrition support (macro- and micronutrients), mostly using retrospective cohorts, while five focused on micronutrients. Common interventions included parenteral nutrition (5/15) and early gastrostomy feeding (5/15). Ten peer-reviewed studies were fully characterised against the review objectives: six examined appetite stimulants, oral, enteral, and parenteral nutrition, or compared early versus reactive gastrostomy, reporting outcomes mainly via BMI <i>Z</i>-scores; four reported gastrostomy complications. Two case reports described thiamine deficiency, and two RCTs assessed magnesium and vitamin D supplementation in relation to febrile neutropenia and survival. Key limitations included small cohorts, incomplete intervention reporting and unvalidated outcome measures.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3>

目的绘制儿童和青少年（CYP）骨肉瘤（OS）治疗期间营养干预的证据图谱，确定这一主要青少年群体的研究空白。按照乔安娜布里格斯研究所的方法和PRISMA-ScR指南进行设计范围审查。采用三步搜索策略（试点、全面、参考筛选）对MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL、EMCARE和CENTRAL进行检索，检索时间从成立至2025年7月。入选标准：评估25岁接受治疗的OS患者营养干预的研究被纳入。如果50%有OS或单独报告OS数据，则混合癌症队列符合条件。排除：定性研究、25岁患者、幸存者、动物或体外研究。数据提取与综合4位审稿人独立筛选研究。提取并描述性地报告了有关方法、营养干预、结果和研究设计局限性的数据。结果在检索到的7874份记录中，来自4个高收入国家和4个中等收入国家的15项研究（2001-2024年）符合纳入标准，涉及964名参与者（中位年龄13.3岁），包括5份会议摘要。10项研究涉及综合营养支持（宏量营养素和微量营养素），主要采用回顾性队列，而5项研究侧重于微量营养素。常见的干预措施包括肠外营养（5/15）和早期胃造口喂养（5/15）。10项同行评议的研究与综述目标完全相反：6项研究检查了食欲刺激剂、口服、肠内和肠外营养，或比较了早期与反应性胃造口术，主要通过BMI z评分报告结果；4例报告胃造口术并发症。两份病例报告描述了硫胺素缺乏症，两项随机对照试验评估了镁和维生素D补充与发热性中性粒细胞减少症和生存率的关系。主要限制包括小队列、不完整的干预报告和未经验证的结果测量。结论营养干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的研究缺乏、异质性和方法学薄弱。迫切需要大型、前瞻性、多中心的研究来建立基于证据的营养支持策略，有效的结果测量，并检查管饲对年轻人的心理影响。

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引用次数: 0

Food Insecurity Is Highly Prevalent Amongst Patients With Chronic Liver Disease in Northern England: A Cross-Sectional Analysis 食物不安全在英格兰北部慢性肝病患者中非常普遍：一项横断面分析

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.70173

Rachel Howarth, Thomas Crame, Stuart McPherson, Quentin M. Anstee, Laura Haigh

Introduction

Liver disease disproportionately affects the most economically disadvantaged. Since 2019, Food insecurity (FI) prevalence has increased by 26% in Europe and 214% in the UK. FI compromises nutritional status and may also hamper the adoption of recommended dietary lifestyle advice. We aimed to assess the extent of FI and its associated factors among patients with liver disease.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited consecutive patients attending hepatology outpatient services at a tertiary centre between October 2023 and March 2024. Food security status was assessed using validated tools: the United States Department of Agriculture's Six-item Household Food Security Survey and the Hunger Vital Signs Two-Item Screener. Logistic regression was performed to assess associations between FI and clinico-sociodemographic variables.

Results

103 (24%) of 426 patients screened were identified as food insecure. Predictive variables for FI included: high risk/dependent alcohol intake (OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.1–6.8, p = 0.03), alcohol related liver disease (ArLD) (OR 1.9, 1.1–3.1, p = 0.02), cirrhosis (OR 1.6, 1.1–2.6, p = 0.03) and depression (OR 1.7, 1.1–2.8, p = 0.023). After adjustment for co-morbidities, clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, ArLD (AOR = 3.2, 1.3–8.0, p = 0.013), metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) (AOR = 2.3, 1.1–5.0, p = 0.03) and cirrhosis (AOR = 1.9, 1.0–3.0, p = 0.034) were found to be associated with FI.

Conclusion

FI was higher amongst patients with liver disease than the background population, and associated with ArLD, MASLD and cirrhosis. These results highlight an important paradox wherein FI contributes to obesity, so promoting consequent end-organ damage in MASLD, and compromises nutritional status. It is also a barrier to implementation of recommended diet lifestyle advice. Healthcare professionals should consider FI within holistic patient assessment.

肝病不成比例地影响经济上最弱势的人群。自2019年以来，粮食不安全（FI）的患病率在欧洲增加了26%，在英国增加了214%。FI损害营养状况，也可能妨碍推荐的饮食生活方式建议的采用。我们的目的是评估肝脏疾病患者的FI程度及其相关因素。方法：本横断面研究招募了2023年10月至2024年3月在三级中心肝病门诊就诊的连续患者。粮食安全状况的评估使用经过验证的工具：美国农业部的六项家庭粮食安全调查和饥饿生命体征两项筛选器。采用逻辑回归来评估FI与临床-社会人口学变量之间的关系。结果426例患者中有103例（24%）被确定为食物不安全。FI的预测变量包括：高风险/依赖性酒精摄入（OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.1-6.8, p = 0.03）、酒精相关肝病（ArLD）（OR 1.9, 1.1-3.1, p = 0.02）、肝硬化（OR 1.6, 1.1-2.6, p = 0.03）和抑郁症（OR 1.7, 1.1-2.8, p = 0.023）。在调整合并症、临床和社会人口学特征后，发现ArLD （AOR = 3.2, 1.3-8.0, p = 0.013）、代谢功能障碍相关脂肪变性肝病（MASLD）（AOR = 2.3, 1.1-5.0, p = 0.03）和肝硬化（AOR = 1.9, 1.0-3.0, p = 0.034）与FI相关。结论肝病患者FI高于背景人群，并与ArLD、MASLD和肝硬化相关。这些结果突出了一个重要的悖论，即FI导致肥胖，因此促进了MASLD的最终器官损伤，并损害了营养状况。它也是实施推荐饮食生活方式建议的障碍。医疗保健专业人员应在对患者进行整体评估时考虑FI。

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引用次数: 0

“I Had to Change the Way I Ate”: Food Insecurity and Chronic Illness “我必须改变我的饮食方式”：粮食不安全和慢性疾病

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.70168

Sameena Azhar, David Cepeda, John Weed, Eve Keller, Gregory Acevedo, Abigail M. Ross

Background

Food insecurity is a major public health concern for residents of the South Bronx. Currently, one-third of Bronxites receive federal food assistance in the form of the public benefit, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), commonly known as food stamps. The objective of the present study was to explore the lived experiences of food pantry recipients in the South Bronx, who were experiencing both food insecurity and chronic illness.

Methods

We interviewed 37 adult residents of the South Bronx about their experiences accessing food assistance. We specifically explore and how their dietary patterns had been affected by both food insecurity and chronic illness.

Results

Participants reported that they experienced various health conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, thyroid conditions, and mental illness. Participants shared insights on how food assistance could be better structured to address both their financial constraints and their intersectional health conditions.

Conclusion

Our findings substantiate the significance of connecting Bronxites to both food assistance and healthcare. In light of the recent slashing of federal SNAP funding, our study also highlights the importance of prioritizing local public funds for food access for those with chronic illness in the South Bronx and throughout New York City.

食品不安全是南布朗克斯居民的一个主要公共卫生问题。目前，三分之一的布朗克斯人以公共福利的形式获得联邦食品援助，即补充营养援助计划（SNAP），俗称食品券。本研究的目的是探讨在南布朗克斯食物救济接受者的生活经历，他们经历了食物不安全和慢性疾病。方法我们采访了37名南布朗克斯的成年居民，了解他们获得食品援助的经历。我们专门探讨了他们的饮食模式如何受到粮食不安全和慢性疾病的影响。结果参与者报告说，他们经历了各种健康状况，包括糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病、甲状腺疾病和精神疾病。与会者就如何更好地安排粮食援助以解决其财政拮据和相互交织的健康状况交流了见解。结论我们的研究结果证实了将Bronxites与食品援助和医疗保健联系起来的重要性。鉴于最近联邦SNAP资金的大幅削减，我们的研究还强调了优先考虑当地公共资金为南布朗克斯和整个纽约市的慢性病患者提供食物的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding How Patient Experiences of Support While Attending a Weight Management Service Impacts Engagement, Dropout and Retention: A Semi-Structured Interview Study 了解患者在参加体重管理服务时的支持体验如何影响参与、退出和保留：一项半结构化访谈研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.70159

Jordan Everitt, Enzo Battista-Dowds, Daniel Heggs, Amanda Squire

Introduction

Patient retention underpins the success of weight management services, but they often face high dropout rates. This study aimed to explore patients' experiences of support during their attendance at a weight management service, and how it impacted on engagement, dropout and retention.

Methods

Thirty-seven patients from an NHS weight management service participated in semi-structured interviews conducted either face-to-face or by telephone. An open-ended question explored participants' perspectives on the need for support during weight management, aiming to understand how support affects retention. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically.

Results

Peer support and a positive group dynamic in weight loss interventions enhanced engagement by harnessing the value of shared experiences, helping some patients overcome feelings of isolation. Positive patient-clinician interactions, based on understanding and free from judgment, also enhance engagement. However, clinician changes during interventions risks undermining supportive bonds. Support from family and friends provides valuable emotional and motivational support, however, the absence of such networks can exacerbate isolation. Barriers to communicating with clinicians outside of appointments can frustrate patients, in contrast to experiences of commercial weight loss groups where participants have direct access to group leaders for support.

Conclusions

The support needs of patients with obesity attending weight management services vary considerably. Drawing on patient experiences can inform strategies to tailor support provision to better meet individual patient needs and enhance patient retention.

患者的保留是体重管理服务成功的基础，但他们往往面临高辍学率。本研究旨在探讨患者在参加体重管理服务期间的支持体验，以及它如何影响参与，退出和保留。方法：37名来自NHS体重管理服务的患者参加了面对面或电话的半结构化访谈。一个开放式问题探讨了参与者在体重管理过程中对支持需求的看法，旨在了解支持如何影响保持。采访录音，逐字抄录，并按主题进行分析。结果：在减肥干预中，同伴支持和积极的群体动态通过利用共享经验的价值来增强参与度，帮助一些患者克服孤立感。积极的医患互动，基于理解和自由判断，也提高参与。然而，在干预期间，临床医生的变化可能会破坏支持关系。来自家人和朋友的支持提供了宝贵的情感和动力支持，然而，缺乏这种网络会加剧孤立。在预约之外与临床医生沟通的障碍可能会让患者感到沮丧，这与商业减肥小组的经验形成鲜明对比，在商业减肥小组中，参与者可以直接获得小组领导的支持。结论：肥胖患者参加体重管理服务的支持需求差异较大。借鉴病人的经验可以为制定策略提供信息，以更好地满足病人的个人需求并提高病人的保留率。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids From Fish Are Associated With Better Healthy Aging Indicators: Results of the DIAPELH Study 膳食中来自鱼类的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸与更好的健康衰老指标相关：DIAPELH研究的结果

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.70169

Alexandra Foscolou, Trisevgeni Pratti, Paraskevi Detopoulou, Konstantina Argyri, Giannoula Nikolaou, Antigone Kouskouti, Anthoula Malikourti, Maria Petrogianni, Ermelinda Shurdha, Eftychia Psaroudaki, Georgios I. Panoutsopoulos, Sotirios Vamvakas, Aristea Gioxari

Introduction

Promoting healthy aging is a public health goal, especially in regions with a high proportion of older adults, such as Greece. This cross-sectional study investigated the association of fish n-3 PUFA intake with indicators of healthy aging among older Greek Peloponnesian adults.

Methods

In total, 449 individuals > 60 years of age were enroled. Sociodemographic, anthropometrical, medical, mobility, balance, lifestyle, dietary, cognitive and mental characteristics were assessed through validated questionnaires and procedures.

Results

Analyses revealed that n-3 PUFA intake was associated with fewer depression symptoms (p < 0.001), higher cognition levels (p = 0.012) and levels of healthy aging (p < 0.001), derived from Successful Aging Index (SAI). In parallel, n-3 PUFA intake was associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001). Additionally, n-3 PUFA intake was inversely correlated with the presence of long COVID-19 symptomatology (p = 0.036). No association of n-3 PUFA intake with mobility or physical performance and balance (all ps> 0.05) was detected.

Conclusion

The results underscore the significance of nutrition in older adults, highlighting the possible protective impact of n-3 PUFAs on maintaining functionality. Future prospective studies may validate these associations and contribute to the development of targeted nutritional strategies for older adults.

引言：促进健康老龄化是一项公共卫生目标，特别是在老年人比例较高的地区，如希腊。这项横断面研究调查了希腊伯罗奔尼撒老年成年人中鱼n-3 PUFA摄入量与健康衰老指标的关系。方法：共纳入449例年龄在60岁至60岁之间的个体。通过有效的问卷调查和程序对社会人口学、人体测量学、医学、行动能力、平衡、生活方式、饮食、认知和心理特征进行评估。结果：分析显示n-3 PUFA摄入量与抑郁症状减少相关（p 0.05）。结论：研究结果强调了营养对老年人的重要性，强调了n-3 PUFAs在维持功能方面可能的保护作用。未来的前瞻性研究可能会证实这些关联，并有助于制定针对老年人的有针对性的营养策略。

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引用次数: 0

The Role of Public Health Nutritionists in Reducing Food Waste for Sustainable Diets: A Narrative Review Using a Systems Thinking Approach 公共卫生营养学家在可持续饮食中减少食物浪费的作用：使用系统思维方法的叙述回顾。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.70170

Maryam Karim Dehnavi, Seyyed Reza Sobhani

Objective

This review examines the role of public health nutritionists (PHNs) in reducing food waste at individual, community and policy levels. It highlights their potential to influence food choices, develop interventions and advocate for systemic changes that contribute to sustainable diets.

Design

A narrative review synthesizing relevant literature to identify key areas where PHNs can drive change regarding food waste reduction.

Setting

The review focuses on the contributions of PHNs across various settings, including households, communities, food service environments and policymaking sectors.

Results

PHNs play a multifaceted role in reducing food waste. They raise awareness and promote behaviour change by educating communities on effective food waste reduction strategies. PHNs also conduct research to understand food waste patterns and develop data-driven solutions. Their expertise allows them to create targeted interventions based on regional and socioeconomic contexts. Additionally, PHNs build multi-sectoral collaborations with policymakers, the food industry and local communities to address food waste at a systemic level. By advocating for food market innovations like clearer labelling and waste reduction incentives, PHNs can drive broader changes within the food system.

Conclusion

This review highlights the critical role of PHNs in reducing household food waste, which is essential for achieving sustainable diets. By integrating food waste reduction into Public Health Nutrition (PHN) efforts, PHNs can contribute to more sustainable food systems and enhance resource efficiency. Promoting their leadership in policy advocacy and multi-sectoral collaboration is key to driving systemic change in food waste reduction.

目的：本文综述了公共卫生营养学家（phn）在个人、社区和政策层面上减少食物浪费的作用。它强调了它们在影响食物选择、制定干预措施和倡导有助于可持续饮食的系统性变革方面的潜力。设计：一篇综合相关文献的叙述性综述，以确定phn可以推动减少食物浪费的关键领域。环境：审查的重点是在各种环境中，包括家庭、社区、食品服务环境和决策部门，公共卫生网络的贡献。结果：phn在减少食物浪费方面发挥多方面的作用。他们通过教育社区了解有效的减少食物浪费战略，提高认识并促进行为改变。phn还进行研究，以了解食物浪费模式并开发数据驱动的解决方案。他们的专业知识使他们能够根据区域和社会经济背景制定有针对性的干预措施。此外，phn还与政策制定者、食品行业和当地社区建立多部门合作，从系统层面解决食物浪费问题。通过倡导食品市场创新，如更清晰的标签和减少浪费的激励措施，phn可以在食品系统内推动更广泛的变革。结论：本综述强调了phn在减少家庭食物浪费方面的关键作用，这对于实现可持续饮食至关重要。通过将减少食物浪费纳入公共卫生营养（PHN）工作，PHN可以促进更可持续的粮食系统并提高资源效率。促进他们在政策倡导和多部门合作方面的领导作用，是推动减少食物浪费方面系统性变革的关键。

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引用次数: 0

An Investigation of the Employment Outcomes and Perceived Preparedness for Employment of Irish Dietetics Graduates 爱尔兰营养学专业毕业生就业结果和就业准备的调查。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.70171

Shane O'Connor, Anne Griffin, Sarah Harney

Background

Dietetic education should reflect evidence on current practice and demands of the profession yet information regarding the employment profile of dietitians in Ireland is limited. The study aimed to establish the employment profile of graduate dietitians in Ireland and assess their perceived preparedness for employment.

Methods

A mixed methods design was used. Individuals who graduated from dietetic degrees in Ireland between 2020 and 2024 were invited to participate. An online survey was used to collect information on employment profile and perceived preparedness for employment. Semi-structured interviews explored graduate experiences during their dietetic education and employment in more depth. Interview data were analysed to construct thematic domains.

Results

The online survey had a 49% response rate (132/271). The majority of graduates were employed in hospital dietetics for their first role postgraduation (67%, n = 90) and for their current employment (58%, n = 76). Nondietetic related roles (19%, n = 25) was the second most common current employment followed by community dietetics (12%, n = 16). At the time of survey completion, 29% (n = 37) were living outside Ireland. Most graduates felt slightly (40%, n = 51) or very prepared (46%, n = 59) for their first employment. Four themes were identified from the 13 semi-structured interviews: (1) the value of placement, (2) narrow career preparedness, (3) struggling with the transition to employment and (4) workplace support.

Conclusion

This is the first study to establish the employment profile and perceived preparedness of Irish dietetic graduates. Continued graduate tracking and research on solutions to the challenges highlighted in this study could provide evidence to support curricula alignment with workforce demands.

背景：营养教育应该反映当前实践和专业需求的证据，但有关爱尔兰营养学家就业概况的信息有限。该研究旨在建立爱尔兰毕业生营养师的就业概况，并评估他们对就业的感知准备。方法：采用混合方法设计。2020年至2024年间从爱尔兰营养学学位毕业的个人被邀请参加。一项在线调查用于收集有关就业概况和感知就业准备的信息。半结构化访谈更深入地探讨了毕业生在饮食教育和就业期间的经历。对访谈数据进行分析，构建主题域。结果：在线调查的回复率为49%（132/271）。大多数毕业生在毕业后的第一份工作（67%,n = 90）和目前的工作（58%,n = 76）中从事医院营养学工作。非饮食相关的角色（19%,n = 25）是第二常见的当前就业，其次是社区饮食（12%,n = 16）。在调查完成时，29% （n = 37）居住在爱尔兰以外。大多数毕业生对自己的第一份工作感觉略好（40%,n = 51）或准备充分（46%,n = 59）。从13个半结构化访谈中确定了四个主题：(1)安置的价值，(2)狭隘的职业准备，(3)努力过渡到就业和(4)工作场所支持。结论：这是第一个研究建立就业概况和感知准备的爱尔兰营养学毕业生。持续的毕业生跟踪和研究本研究中强调的挑战的解决方案可以为支持课程与劳动力需求的一致性提供证据。

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引用次数: 0

The Impact of Early Nutritional Intervention on Nutritional Status, Neurological Deficit, and Complications in Stroke Patients With Dysphagia: A Meta-Analysis 早期营养干预对脑卒中吞咽困难患者营养状况、神经功能缺损和并发症的影响：一项荟萃分析。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.70165

Cunlei Zhu, Xiaohong Lu, Yun Zhang, Weiqin Miao, Huan Huang, Qun Lu

Objective

To systematically evaluate and conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of early nutritional intervention on serum albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (HB), NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, and complication rates in stroke patients with dysphagia, providing evidence-based support for clinical rehabilitation management.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Wiley Library, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from inception to April 25, 2025 (the final search date). The search strategy was designed and executed by an experienced medical librarian and one investigator. Retrieved records were imported into EndNote X20 (Clarivate Analytics) for reference management and duplicate removal. Two researchers independently performed the subsequent literature screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4, and publication bias was assessed using Stata 16.0.

Results

A total of 13 multicenter RCTs were included. The meta-analysis indicated that the early nutritional intervention group showed significantly higher post-intervention serum albumin levels (SMD = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.36–2.80, p < 0.00001) and hemoglobin levels (SMD = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.04–2.45, p < 0.00001) compared to the control group; post-intervention NIHSS scores were also significantly lower in the intervention group (MD = −2.68, 95% CI: −3.20 to −2.16, p < 0.00001); the incidence of complications was also significantly reduced (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.19–0.53, p < 0.0001). Sensitivity analysis showed stable results, and no significant publication bias was detected except for NIHSS scores.

Conclusion

Early nutritional intervention is associated with significant improvements in key biochemical parameters, neurological deficit, and complication rates in stroke patients with dysphagia, demonstrating positive clinical application value. Future research should focus on more high-quality, large-sample RCTs to further validate these findings and explore optimal intervention strategies.

目的：系统评价早期营养干预对脑卒中吞咽困难患者血清白蛋白（ALB）、血红蛋白（HB）、NIH卒中量表（NIHSS）评分及并发症发生率的影响并进行meta分析，为临床康复管理提供循证支持。方法：系统检索PubMed、Wiley Library、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Web of Science等数据库，检索时间为成立至2025年4月25日（最终检索日期）。搜索策略由一位经验丰富的医学图书管理员和一位调查员设计并执行。检索到的记录被导入EndNote X20 （Clarivate Analytics）进行参考管理和重复删除。两位研究者独立进行了后续的文献筛选、数据提取和偏倚风险评估。meta分析使用Review Manager 5.4进行，发表偏倚评估使用Stata 16.0。结果：共纳入13项多中心rct。荟萃分析显示，早期营养干预组干预后血清白蛋白水平显著高于对照组（SMD = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.36-2.80, p）。结论：早期营养干预可显著改善脑卒中吞咽困难患者的关键生化指标、神经功能缺损及并发症发生率，具有积极的临床应用价值。未来的研究应关注更多高质量、大样本的随机对照试验，以进一步验证这些发现并探索最佳干预策略。

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引用次数: 0