Journal of Genetic Psychology最新文献

This retrospective study compared the speech-language development of a pair of dizygotic twin girls during the first 2 years of life: one with typical development (Twin A) and one with atypical development (Twin B), who was later diagnosed with Rett syndrome (RTT). Audio snippets were extracted from home videos, with nearly equal representation from each child. The audio analysis focused on articulatory complexity, voice characteristics, and linguistic variability. Despite sharing the same social-communicative environment, the twins' speech-language development diverged. From the first to second year of life, articulatory complexity and variability increased in the typically developing Twin A. In contrast, Twin B produced a high number of vocalizations in the 7th month, including canonical sounds with substantial variability. However, her vocalization quantity, complexity, and variability subsequently decreased, resulting in only sporadically discernable canonical vocalizations during her second year. This developmental trajectory points to very early stagnation and regression in Twin B, occurring earlier than typically observed. While Twin B displayed a range of typical vocalization features, deviations in the density and distribution of inspiratory and high-pitched vocalizations during the first year further suggest early speech-language abnormalities in RTT, preceding frank developmental stagnation and regression. As the study relied on limited retrospective data, the findings should be interpreted with caution, and further investigation is needed. Nevertheless, this twin study provides a unique perspective that deepens our understanding of early speech-language developmental profiles in RTT, especially in light of the intertwinement of genetic, individual, and contextual factors.

Father absence is a pervasive issue with profound implications for the psychological well-being of individuals. It is associated with various adverse outcomes, including increased perceived stress, which can lead to a host of mental and physical health problems. Despite the well-documented effects of father absence, there is a critical need to understand the underlying mechanisms that mediate this relationship. This research highlights the importance of mindfulness and emotional factors in this dynamic from the perspective of the mindfulness reperceiving model. We conducted this exploration among 408 young adults. Results suggested that mindfulness and positive affect were associated with the relationship between father absence and perceived stress. The model also indicated that father absence was related to perceived stress through the potential chain mediating pathway of 'mindfulness-negative affect'. Individuals experiencing father absence may perceive more stress, potentially due to lower levels of positive affect and reduced mindfulness. Moreover, it highlights a possible pathway where father absence is linked to increased stress through a combination of reduced mindfulness and heightened negative affect. Understanding the mechanisms through which father absence influences perceived stress is crucial for developing effective interventions. The study offers valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies that can alleviate stress in individuals affected by father absence.

The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of nursing education stakeholder of the inclusion of students with disabilities in nursing education programs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and barriers to their inclusion. A sequential exploratory mixed-methods design was used. Data was collected using unstructured interviews and questionnaires. Thematic analysis of the interviews with seven nursing education stakeholders revealed the following barriers to the inclusion of nursing students with disabilities: (1) Nature of disability, (2) knowledge of nursing faculty, (3) attitudes, (4) communication, (5) resources, (6) nursing program requirements, (7) admission and support policies, and (8) disability outreach activities. In total, 284 nursing education students and 29 nursing education faculty members from health science academic institutions in Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Al-Ain, and Al Dhafra in the UAE completed the questionnaires. The descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the responses of nursing education faculty members and nursing education students was performed using SPSS software. The findings showed that both educators and students had concerns regarding the inclusion of students with disabilities. However, implementing facilitators and overcoming barriers can enhance the accessibility of nursing students with disabilities to nursing education programs. The findings also showed significant differences in the perception of nursing students and faculty of inclusion concerning their interactions with students with disabilities and having completed a course about individuals with disabilities.

The goal of the current study was to examine the links between academic stress, maternal support, and three different forms of prosocial behaviors (i.e. in-group prosocial behaviors, out-group prosocial behaviors, and civic engagement). Additionally, we also examined the interactive effect between academic stress and maternal support on prosocial behaviors. Participants were 142 young adult college students (M age = 20.82 years; range = 18-25 years; 81.7% women; 65.2% reported identifying as racially White; 9.9% Black; 7.8% Asian; 5.7% Native; and 49.3% identified their ethnicity as Latino/a). Participants reported on their academic stress levels, perceptions of their maternal support, and their tendencies to engage in the three forms of prosocial behaviors. The results (see Figure 1) demonstrated that academic stress was not associated with prosocial outcomes. Maternal support was positively associated with in-group prosocial behaviors. There was also one significant interaction that emerged. The interaction between academic stress and maternal support positively predicted civic engagement, such that when maternal support was low, academic stress was positively associated with civic engagement. The discussion focuses on the nuanced associations between these variables, with a focus on the potentially protective role of civic engagement specifically for young adults seeking social connection and belonging.

This study aimed to investigate the chain mediating roles of anxiety and inhibitory control in the relationship between bullying victimization and internet addiction among Chinese adolescents, as well as the moderating effect of physical activity. A cross-sectional design was employed, sampling 1,585 adolescents from 5 provinces in China during February-March 2024. Data on bullying victimization, internet addiction, anxiety, inhibitory control, and physical activity were collected and analyzed using a moderated chain mediation model. The data suggest that bullying victimization is associated with internet addiction, and this association is also mediated by anxiety and inhibitory control. Furthermore, physical activity was found to significantly moderate the relationship between anxiety and inhibitory control. This study contributes to the understanding of how bullying victimization, anxiety, and inhibitory control are interrelated in the context of internet addiction development, with physical activity influencing this interplay. It highlights the potential of physical activity as a factor in mitigating the impact of bullying and its association with internet addiction.

This study addressed associations of parents' socialization of children's positive and negative emotions with children's emotional skills and socio-emotional functioning in early childhood with families in Türkiye and the United States (U.S.). One hundred five parents (50 Turkish, 55 U.S.) and their 4- to 5-year-old children reminisced about family events. Videos were coded for parents' emotion coaching and dismissing. Parents self-reported expressiveness and reactions to children's emotions. Experimenters administered tasks assessing children's emotion masking and emotion understanding. Teachers reported children's social competence and behavior problems. Emotion socialization by Turkish and U.S. parents differed according to valence (positive, negative) and mode (expressiveness, reactions, discourse). For both Turkish and U.S. families, encouraging socialization of negative emotions related to children's better masking of negative emotions and poorer masking of positive emotions. For U.S. families, encouraging negative emotions related to children's poorer socio-emotional functioning. When parents encouraged positive emotions, Turkish children scored higher in masking negative emotions, whereas U.S. children scored higher in masking positive emotions and had better socio-emotional functioning. Results suggest that cultural values may influence emotion socialization and its relations to children's socio-emotional development. Particular attention should be paid to socialization modes and positive emotions.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with rising prevalence. Traditional diagnostic approaches often lack biological markers, making precision in diagnosis challenging. This study explores the role of array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) in improving diagnostic accuracy for ASD. Five clinical vignettes of children diagnosed with ASD via DSM-5 or ADOS-2 were evaluated at a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic. Genome-wide oligonucleotide aCGH analysis was conducted using the Human Genome CGH Microarray kit (OGT), containing approximately 180,000 probes with 30-37 kb spacing based on the GRCh37 build. Fragile X syndrome was excluded using the Asuragen Amplidex PCR/CE FMR1 kit. The case series included boys aged 8-11 from diverse ethnic backgrounds (Asian, African, and Qatari), all presenting with varying degrees of ASD. Genetic analyses revealed significant chromosomal changes affecting eight genes, SHOX, HNF1B, COH1, AHNAK, DOCK8, TIAM1, TBL1XR1, and ALKBH8, highlighting diverse genetic contributions to ASD. These findings encompassed both chromosomal gains and losses, as well as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). The aCGH analyses provided valuable genetic insights, refining the diagnostic process and informing personalized management strategies for ASD. This suggests that aCGH is a useful tool in identifying clinically relevant genetic variations, particularly in settings with limited resources, where other diagnostic modalities may be less accessible.

This study aimed to explore the sources of happiness of individuals across different stages of their lives. A phenomenological study, which is a qualitative research approach, was designed. The sample consists of 129 participants (62 women, 67 men). Thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data, and common themes were identified for each life stage. The analysis of the themes revealed that children and adolescents expressed the sources of happiness mostly through hedonic values, whereas individuals in middle adulthood and late middle age predominantly expressed them in eudaimonic values. Sources of happiness in all life stages include the themes of closeness to family, closeness to friends, social relations, altruistic attitudes, social peace, and traveling. In young adulthood and later life stages, the theme of spirituality emerged, including concepts such as the meaning and purpose of life, belief in God, gratitude to God, and being connected with nature. In childhood, the themes of playing games, receiving gifts, and experiencing surprises were prominent sources of happiness, whereas in adolescence, the themes were eating favorite things and achieving autonomy. Health, money, being successful, hope, hobbies, being valued and appreciated were found to be other common sources of happiness across various life stages.

Anxiety and social withdrawal are common internalizing problems among children linked to poor emotion regulation (ER). We investigated how specific components of ER (emotion awareness, emotion regulation strategy) are associated with generalized anxiety and social withdrawal in the two ER domains (intrapersonal and interpersonal). Study participants were 398 fourth- and fifth-grade students (49% girls) and 22 teachers from a Midwestern state in the United States. Study constructs were measured with student self-report, peer nominations, and teacher reports. We found anxiety was linked to poorer intrapersonal emotion awareness and greater use of adaptive and maladaptive intrapersonal regulation strategies. Social withdrawal was associated with poorer interpersonal emotion awareness and lower use of supportive and unsupportive interpersonal regulation strategies. Social withdrawal was also negatively associated with intrapersonal, adaptive strategy. The findings highlight the relevance of intrapersonal and interpersonal domains of ER in helping anxious and socially withdrawn children regarding their unique emotion regulation difficulties.

Despite extensive research on the intergenerational transmission of values, the continuity of parenting practices and underlying cognitive processes of transmission have received relatively little attention. We explored the mediating role of introjected and identified internalization on the intergenerational continuity of four parenting practices related to religion (assurance, disapproval/punishment, social involvement, and encouraged skepticism). We focused on Catholicism as an important test case based on its distinctive components amongst other Christian denominations. In addition to responding to items that measured religious value internalization, 279 community members from the United States were asked to reflect on their parents' use of four religious parenting practices during their childhood, as well as the current practices they are employing with their own children. Respondents' recollections of their parents' religious parenting practices significantly predicted their own current religious parenting practices. Whereas these associations were significantly mediated through identified internalization for all four practices, only the associations between past and current social involvement and disapproval/punishment were also mediated through introjected internalization. Recollection of parenting practices predict adult children's implementation of the same practices with their own children through their level of internalization of their parents' beliefs. Importantly, the efficacy of different types of internalization appears to depend on the specific nature of the behavior to be maintained.