Journal of Genetic Psychology最新文献

Parent emotion socialization has long been studied in relation to children's socioemotional adjustment. Little attention has been paid to how parents' socialization responses are shaped by youth characteristics over time, such as emotional lability. The present study explored the mutual influence between parent emotion socialization and adolescent emotional lability. Participants were 87 adolescents (M = 14.23  years old, SD = .50; 50 girls) and their parents, who completed questionnaires at three time points from 8^th grade through 10^th grade. Hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated mutual influences between parent emotion socialization and adolescent emotional lability, with relations moderated by adolescent gender. Increases in parents' reward of negative emotion predicted decreased emotional lability in girls. Parents' increased magnification of negative emotions corresponded to decreased emotional lability in boys. Boys' increases in emotional lability predicted decreased parental magnification of negative emotions over time. Increases in parents' magnification of negative emotions predicted increased emotional lability in girls. Girls' increases in emotional lability corresponded to increased parental magnification over time. There were no longitudinal effects of adolescent emotional lability on parents' reward, override, and punishment of negative emotions. Future directions and clinical applications are discussed.

This study examined interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory's (IPARTheory's) prediction that adults' (both men's and women's) remembrances of parental (maternal and paternal) rejection in childhood are likely to be associated with adults' psychological maladjustment, as mediated by adults' interpersonal rejection sensitivity. To test these predictions a sample of 372 adults (178 women, 193 men; age range 18-59 and Sd: 11) in Turkiye participated in the study. Respondents completed the short forms of the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire for both mother and father, the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (short form), the Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity Scale, and the Personal Information Form. In line with this aim, this study examined the direct effect and indirect effect of adults' memories of parental acceptance-rejection in childhood on adults' psychological maladjustment through the mediator variable (rejection sensitivity) depending on age. The findings indicated that adults' remembrances of paternal rejection during childhood independently predicted their interpersonal rejection sensitivity and psychological maladjustment. Mediation analyses revealed that rejection sensitivity partially mediated the relationship between parental rejection (both maternal and paternal) and psychological maladjustment in men. However, in women, while it partially mediated the relationship between paternal rejection and psychological maladjustment, it fully mediated the relationship between maternal rejection and psychological maladjustment. These findings offer evidence supporting the connections between childhood remembrances of parental rejection psychological maladjustment, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity in adults.

The present study examined longitudinal, transactional associations between youth social adjustment (prosociality, peer relationship difficulties) and parental emotion socialization in early adolescence. Adolescent gender was considered as a potential moderator. Eighty-seven adolescent-parent dyads (50 girls, 37 boys) participated in 8^th grade, with follow-up waves in 9^th and 10^th grade. Adolescents reported their experiences of peer victimization and their parents' emotion socialization responses, and parents reported youth prosocial behavior and peer relation problems. Hierarchical linear modeling results indicated transactional associations between parent supportive/unsupportive responses and adolescent peer relations and prosociality over time, some of which were moderated by adolescent gender. Increases in parental supportive emotion socialization corresponded to decreased experiences of peer victimization over time for girls, but not boys. When peer victimization increased over time, girls reported less parental supportive responses and all adolescents reported receiving more unsupportive responses from parents. For all adolescents, parents' increased supportive responses also corresponded to decreased peer problems and increased prosocial behavior. As prosocial behavior increased, so did parental supportive responses. Increases in parents' unsupportive responses related to decreased prosocial behavior, and increases in adolescent prosocial behavior related to decreases in parents' unsupportive responses. Results suggest that there is mutual influence between parent emotion socialization and adolescent social adjustment. Adolescent girls appear to uniquely benefit from parents' supportive emotional socialization in relation to their experiences of peer victimization. Potential mechanisms and implications are discussed.

Adolescents' bystander defending behavior in cyberbullying contributes to reducing the harm done to cyberbullying victims. This study examined the relationships and underlying mechanisms of parental warmth, friendship quality, empathy and bystander defending behavior in cyberbullying among 848 Chinese adolescents (43.986% girls, mean age = 14.960 years old [SD = 1.398]). The results showed that parental warmth, friendship quality and empathy were all positively correlated with bystander defending behavior in cyberbullying among adolescents. Both friendship quality and empathy played a mediating role between parental warmth and bystander defending behavior in cyberbullying, indicating that parental warmth was associated with increased bystander defending behavior through higher levels of friendship quality and empathy, respectively. Friendship quality and empathy also played a chain mediating role between these two, indicating that parental warmth was linked to increased bystander defending behavior by first associating with higher level of friendship quality and subsequently with greater empathy. These results suggest that high degrees of parental warmth, friendship quality and empathy may all increase the likelihood of bystander defending behavior in cyberbullying among adolescents. This study provides practical implications for improving adolescent bystander defending behavior in cyberbullying.

The study explored the relationship between teacher assessments of students' general language-cognitive and social-emotional abilities and Chinese children's reading development over an academic year. A series of reading measures (including reading vocabulary, reading comprehension, and lexical inferencing ability) were administered to Chinese-speaking second graders (N = 123) across time. Meanwhile, their six head teachers and assistant head teachers were asked to complete assessments of their language-cognitive and social-emotional abilities prior to the first data collection. By utilizing multivariate analyses, the results demonstrated that teacher-assessed linguistic and social abilities contributed to children's reading abilities within and across time after autoregressive effects were controlled for. More specifically, language and cognitive abilities made a more salient contribution to reading performance over time. The study suggests that teacher assessments could have diagnostic and preventive functions for enhancing sustainable reading development among Chinese elementary-age students.

Over the past two decades, public health research has demonstrated that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with significant and prolonged physical and mental health problems, demanding investigation into the factors that may mitigate the poor outcomes. One potential factor that may attenuate the negative impact of ACEs on individuals' health is social support. An important source of social support, both during and after adverse childhood experiences, is sibling relationships. Consequently, the purpose of the current study was to examine if two components of sibling relationships-perceived warmth and conflict-affect the relationship between ACEs and wellbeing in adulthood. A total of 439 participants (M_age = 35.06, SD = 11.19) completed self-report measures of their ACEs, their perceived warmth and conflict with a living sibling, and their wellbeing. Results revealed that sibling relationships characterized by higher perceived warmth-and, interestingly, higher perceived conflict-attenuated the negative impact of ACEs on wellbeing in adulthood. Findings from the current study provide valuable information about how psychologist, social workers, and other health professionals may use siblings as a source of social support to mitigate the negative effects of ACEs on wellbeing in adulthood.

The current study examined associations between maternal negative affectivity (NA) and child disruptive behavior problems. The mediating role of child callous-unemotional (CU) traits in these relationships was also investigated. A multilevel mediation modeling approach was adopted using a sample of 100 families with children between 2.5 and 5.5 years of age (N = 201; mean age = 3.8, standard deviation = 1.0). The mediation models showed significant mediating effects of maternal NA through CU traits for ADHD (β = 0.12, p<.01), ODD (β =0.13, p<.01), and aggression (β =0.16, p<.001), and a significant direct effect for aggression (β = 0.12, p<.05). A structural equation modeling analysis was also performed, and overall, the results were consistent with that from mediation models, which suggested that child CU traits were significantly correlated with maternal NA (β = 0.252, p<.001), ADHD (β = 0.504, p<.001), ODD (β = 0.545, p<.001), and aggression (β = 0.686, p<.001). Our results indicated that maternal NA could serve as a potential risk factor for child CU, which, in turn, may contribute to disruptive behavior during early childhood.

The current study examined COVID-19 pandemic racial attitudes in out-group empathy and out-group prosocial behaviors. Participants included 467 young adults who completed measures of their racial attitudes during the pandemic, out-group perspective taking and empathic concern, and out-group prosocial behaviors. Results demonstrated that pandemic-related racial attitudes were significantly, positively associated with out-group perspective taking and out-group empathic concern, which both positively predicted multiple forms of out-group prosocial behaviors, including emotional, dire, compliant, and anonymous prosocial behaviors. These findings highlight the important role of perspective taking and empathic concern toward individuals outside one's own ethnic group in explaining how racial attitudes during the pandemic were associated with helping behaviors. Discussion focuses on how color-conscious attitudes during an unprecedented U.S. pandemic crisis might be one avenue for promoting prosociality and harmony.

Adults who are beginning or returning to finish a degree program at midlife face different challenges than do their younger counterparts whose college experience begins at 18 years of age. We suspect that internalized ageism, defined as self-directed ageist attitudes and behaviors, may hinder nontraditional age students along with the experience of individual and institutional ageism. To evaluate this notion, we assessed the prevalence of self-reported positive and negative ageist behaviors in 205 students (M = 21.95, SD = 7.28, age range: 16-52 years) and 29 faculty (M = 49.55, SD = 11.07, age range: 33-71 years) in a community college in southeast Louisiana in the spring of 2019. All completed the Relating to Older People Evaluation (ROPE; Cherry & Palmore, 2008) and an open-ended question on how they viewed middle-aged students. Quantitative analyses indicated that students' ROPE scores exceeded those of the faculty and more positive than negative ageist behaviors were reported. Qualitative analyses revealed mostly positive expectations of middle-aged students among narrative responses to the open-ended question. As a follow-up, 10 nontraditional age students were individually interviewed in person to obtain an in-depth assessment of their community college experience. Strong evidence of internalized, individual, and institutional ageism were evident in their responses. Their narratives also revealed atypical life experiences and rich details of faculty-level and institutional-level policies that supported or hindered their academic progress. Implications of these data for addressing ageism on multiple levels in higher education are considered.