Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2168174
Shinnosuke Ikeda
Research has reported that Japanese people are more likely to focus on and look longer at eyes when reading emotions from facial expressions than their western counterparts. However, how these tendencies develop and whether there is a relationship between the two tendencies (to focus on the eyes and to look longer at the eyes) is unclear. The present study examined emotion recognition and gaze patterns in Japanese preschool children (n = 51) and university students (n = 57), using facial expressions with different eye and mouth cues. The results showed developmental changes in emotion recognition, with adults being more sensitive to negative emotions, whereas gaze patterns showed no developmental changes. Furthermore, there was no relationship between emotion recognition and gaze patterns. This suggests that the implicit and explicit processing of emotion recognition develops at different times, and that there is no direct relationship between the two processes.
{"title":"Development of Emotion Recognition from Facial Expressions with Different Eye and Mouth Cues in Japanese People.","authors":"Shinnosuke Ikeda","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2023.2168174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2023.2168174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research has reported that Japanese people are more likely to focus on and look longer at eyes when reading emotions from facial expressions than their western counterparts. However, how these tendencies develop and whether there is a relationship between the two tendencies (to focus on the eyes and to look longer at the eyes) is unclear. The present study examined emotion recognition and gaze patterns in Japanese preschool children (n = 51) and university students (n = 57), using facial expressions with different eye and mouth cues. The results showed developmental changes in emotion recognition, with adults being more sensitive to negative emotions, whereas gaze patterns showed no developmental changes. Furthermore, there was no relationship between emotion recognition and gaze patterns. This suggests that the implicit and explicit processing of emotion recognition develops at different times, and that there is no direct relationship between the two processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9883785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2177522
Sebastian P Dys, Marc Jambon, Stephanie Buono, Tina Malti
In response to ethical transgressions, some children respond with ethical guilt (e.g., remorse), while others do not. The affective and cognitive precursors of ethical guilt have been widely studied on their own, however, few studies have looked at the interaction of affective (e.g., sympathy) and cognitive (e.g., attention) precursors on ethical guilt. This study examined the effects of children's sympathy, attentional control, and their interaction on 4 and 6-year-old children's ethical guilt. A sample of 118 children (50% girls, 4-year-olds: Mage = 4.58, SD = .24, n = 57; 6-year-old: Mage = 6.52, SD = .33, n = 61) completed an attentional control task and provided self-reports of dispositional sympathy and ethical guilt in response to hypothetical ethical violations. Sympathy and attentional control were not directly associated with ethical guilt. Attentional control, however, moderated the relation between sympathy and ethical guilt, such that sympathy was more strongly related to ethical guilt at increasing levels of attentional control. This interaction did not differ between 4- and 6-year-olds or boys and girls. These findings illustrate an interaction between emotion and cognitive processes and suggest that promoting children's ethical development may require a focus on both attentional control and sympathy.
对于违反道德的行为,有些孩子会有道德上的内疚(例如,悔恨),而另一些孩子则不会。道德内疚的情感和认知前体已被广泛研究,然而,很少有研究关注情感(如同情)和认知(如注意)前体对道德内疚的相互作用。本研究考察了儿童同情心、注意力控制及其相互作用对4、6岁儿童道德内疚感的影响。118名儿童(50%为女孩,4岁:Mage = 4.58, SD =。24, n = 57;6岁:法师= 6.52,SD =。33, n = 61)完成了一项注意控制任务,并提供了对假设的违反道德行为的性格同情和道德内疚的自我报告。同情心和注意力控制与道德内疚没有直接联系。然而,注意控制缓和了同情和道德内疚之间的关系,例如,随着注意控制水平的提高,同情与道德内疚的关系更加密切。这种互动在4岁和6岁的孩子之间以及男孩和女孩之间没有差异。这些发现说明了情感和认知过程之间的相互作用,并表明促进儿童的道德发展可能需要同时关注注意力控制和同情。
{"title":"Attentional Control Moderates the Relation between Sympathy and Ethical Guilt.","authors":"Sebastian P Dys, Marc Jambon, Stephanie Buono, Tina Malti","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2023.2177522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2023.2177522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to ethical transgressions, some children respond with ethical guilt (e.g., remorse), while others do not. The affective and cognitive precursors of ethical guilt have been widely studied on their own, however, few studies have looked at the interaction of affective (e.g., sympathy) and cognitive (e.g., attention) precursors on ethical guilt. This study examined the effects of children's sympathy, attentional control, and their interaction on 4 and 6-year-old children's ethical guilt. A sample of 118 children (50% girls, 4-year-olds: <i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 4.58, <i>SD</i> = .24, <i>n</i> = 57; 6-year-old: <i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 6.52, <i>SD</i> = .33, <i>n</i> = 61) completed an attentional control task and provided self-reports of dispositional sympathy and ethical guilt in response to hypothetical ethical violations. Sympathy and attentional control were not directly associated with ethical guilt. Attentional control, however, moderated the relation between sympathy and ethical guilt, such that sympathy was more strongly related to ethical guilt at increasing levels of attentional control. This interaction did not differ between 4- and 6-year-olds or boys and girls. These findings illustrate an interaction between emotion and cognitive processes and suggest that promoting children's ethical development may require a focus on both attentional control and sympathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9460719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2158438
Munirah Alsamih
This study focused on Saudi children's and adolescents' reasoning about the authority of husband over wife. Fifty-eight children and adolescents were interviewed. They were read two vignettes in which a husband asks his wife to stay home and leave work in two situations: first, a family with newborn baby and, second, a newly married couple. Participants were asked to judge the acceptability of the authority of the husband over the wife and justify their judgment. In general, children were more accepting of a husband who ordered his wife to stay home when the family had a newborn baby than in the case of a newly married couple, and boys were more accepting than girls. In regard to justifications, boys applied conventional social reasoning and girls tended to use moral reasoning. Finally, adolescents invoked moral reasoning in both situations more than children did, and children invoked pragmatic reasons more often than adolescents did.
{"title":"Women Should Stay Home: Saudi Children's and Adolescents' Reasoning About Husband's Authority Over Wife.","authors":"Munirah Alsamih","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2158438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2158438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focused on Saudi children's and adolescents' reasoning about the authority of husband over wife. Fifty-eight children and adolescents were interviewed. They were read two vignettes in which a husband asks his wife to stay home and leave work in two situations: first, a family with newborn baby and, second, a newly married couple. Participants were asked to judge the acceptability of the authority of the husband over the wife and justify their judgment. In general, children were more accepting of a husband who ordered his wife to stay home when the family had a newborn baby than in the case of a newly married couple, and boys were more accepting than girls. In regard to justifications, boys applied conventional social reasoning and girls tended to use moral reasoning. Finally, adolescents invoked moral reasoning in both situations more than children did, and children invoked pragmatic reasons more often than adolescents did.</p>","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9448662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2121638
Frédéric Thériault-Couture, Célia Matte-Gagné, Samuel Dallaire, Mara Brendgen, Frank Vitaro, Richard E Tremblay, Jean R Séguin, Ginette Dionne, Michel Boivin
Executive functions (EF) play an essential role in many spheres of child development. Therefore, it is crucial to get a better understanding of their etiology. Using a genetic design that involved 934 twins (400 monozygotic), this study examined the etiology of cognitive flexibility, a component of EF, at 5 years of age and its phenotypic and etiological associations with maternal control. Cognitive flexibility was measured in a laboratory setting at 5 years of age using a well-known EF-task, i.e. the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS). Maternal control was measured using a self-report questionnaire. The univariate genetic model demonstrated that environmental factors mainly explained individual differences in preschoolers' performance on the DCCS task. A bivariate genetic model demonstrated that non-shared environmental mechanisms mainly explained the association (r = .-13) between maternal control and children's performance on the DCCS task. This study represents a preliminary step toward a better understanding of the genetic and environmental contributions underlying the relation between parenting behaviors and children's EF.
{"title":"Child Cognitive Flexibility and Maternal Control: A First Step toward Untangling Genetic and Environmental Contributions.","authors":"Frédéric Thériault-Couture, Célia Matte-Gagné, Samuel Dallaire, Mara Brendgen, Frank Vitaro, Richard E Tremblay, Jean R Séguin, Ginette Dionne, Michel Boivin","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2121638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2121638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive functions (EF) play an essential role in many spheres of child development. Therefore, it is crucial to get a better understanding of their etiology. Using a genetic design that involved 934 twins (400 monozygotic), this study examined the etiology of cognitive flexibility, a component of EF, at 5 years of age and its phenotypic and etiological associations with maternal control. Cognitive flexibility was measured in a laboratory setting at 5 years of age using a well-known EF-task, i.e. the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS). Maternal control was measured using a self-report questionnaire. The univariate genetic model demonstrated that environmental factors mainly explained individual differences in preschoolers' performance on the DCCS task. A bivariate genetic model demonstrated that non-shared environmental mechanisms mainly explained the association (<i>r</i> = .-13) between maternal control and children's performance on the DCCS task. This study represents a preliminary step toward a better understanding of the genetic and environmental contributions underlying the relation between parenting behaviors and children's EF.</p>","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10818011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2115337
Jennifer J Thomas, Ellen E Newell
The present study investigated whether critical consciousness (CC) and feminist identity help explain emerging adult women's participation in actions to reduce gender inequality. CC is an applied tool marginalized and oppressed youth can use to combat inequality. It is conceptualized as three components: Critical reflection, critical efficacy, and critical action. Youth who have reflected on inequality are theorized to act against injustice if they have critical efficacy. However, empirical support for connections among components is mixed and questions remain concerning the contexts in which and people for whom CC serves as a resource. For instance, CC has rarely been examined as a tool to reduce sexism. Furthermore, researchers theorize that social identity is related to CC, yet little empirical evidence exists testing these associations. Finally, CC is typically examined within samples of children and adolescents, although advances in cognitive development and identity suggest emerging adulthood is an ideal time to use CC. To begin to fill these gaps, we investigated whether the components of CC in association with feminist identity could predict when emerging adult women act against sexism. A serial mediation model revealed reflection may lead to action for women who identify as feminist and who report greater internal efficacy. The pathway through external efficacy was not significant. Findings suggest CC together with feminist identity may be tools women can employ to transform unjust social conditions and improve their lives. Applied applications of findings are considered.
{"title":"What Motivates Action for Gender Equality among Emerging Adult Women? The Importance of Critical Reflection, Efficacy, and Feminist Identity.","authors":"Jennifer J Thomas, Ellen E Newell","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2115337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2115337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated whether critical consciousness (CC) and feminist identity help explain emerging adult women's participation in actions to reduce gender inequality. CC is an applied tool marginalized and oppressed youth can use to combat inequality. It is conceptualized as three components: Critical reflection, critical efficacy, and critical action. Youth who have reflected on inequality are theorized to act against injustice if they have critical efficacy. However, empirical support for connections among components is mixed and questions remain concerning the contexts in which and people for whom CC serves as a resource. For instance, CC has rarely been examined as a tool to reduce sexism. Furthermore, researchers theorize that social identity is related to CC, yet little empirical evidence exists testing these associations. Finally, CC is typically examined within samples of children and adolescents, although advances in cognitive development and identity suggest emerging adulthood is an ideal time to use CC. To begin to fill these gaps, we investigated whether the components of CC in association with feminist identity could predict when emerging adult women act against sexism. A serial mediation model revealed reflection may lead to action for women who identify as feminist and who report greater internal efficacy. The pathway through external efficacy was not significant. Findings suggest CC together with feminist identity may be tools women can employ to transform unjust social conditions and improve their lives. Applied applications of findings are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10798016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2124904
Lisa M Dinella, Jordan A Levinson, Maryam A Srouji
Children's gender schematic cognitions guide their attention, affinities, and behaviors, often narrowing their opportunities. The goal of the present study is to examine how children's exposure to animated Disney princesses modeling agentic behaviors (such as being a leader) alters children's gender schematic perceptions of princesses' characteristics, and if this exposure impacts children's perceptions of their own gender-typed qualities. Interviews with 60 children from the northeast region of the United States (Mage = 4.5 years old) at the beginning and end of six weeks indicate that, as hypothesized, children's perceptions of princesses and themselves became less gender schematic after cumulative exposure to animated videos depicting princesses modeling agentic behaviors. Children's perceptions of princesses' agency and their own agency increased throughout the study, asserting that with exposure to nontraditional gender-typed characters, children begin to see themselves as less gender-typed. These findings provide new insights into the role of early children's media exposure in shaping children's gender cognitions.
{"title":"Can Princesses Be Powerful? A Quasi-Experimental Study Examining Children's Perceptions of Princesses and the Self.","authors":"Lisa M Dinella, Jordan A Levinson, Maryam A Srouji","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2124904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2124904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children's gender schematic cognitions guide their attention, affinities, and behaviors, often narrowing their opportunities. The goal of the present study is to examine how children's exposure to animated Disney princesses modeling agentic behaviors (such as being a leader) alters children's gender schematic perceptions of princesses' characteristics, and if this exposure impacts children's perceptions of their own gender-typed qualities. Interviews with 60 children from the northeast region of the United States (M<sub>age</sub> = 4.5 years old) at the beginning and end of six weeks indicate that, as hypothesized, children's perceptions of princesses and themselves became less gender schematic after cumulative exposure to animated videos depicting princesses modeling agentic behaviors. Children's perceptions of princesses' agency and their own agency increased throughout the study, asserting that with exposure to nontraditional gender-typed characters, children begin to see themselves as less gender-typed. These findings provide new insights into the role of early children's media exposure in shaping children's gender cognitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10818013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2110447
Sumbleen Ali, Mosammat N Khatun, Abdul Khaleque, Ronald P Rohner
Prior multicultural meta-analyses have shown that three of the four individual expressions of parental rejection (viz., coldness/lack of affection, hostility/aggression, and indifference/neglect) tend to be significantly associated with all seven of the personality dispositions most central to interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory (IPARTheory). These dispositions include hostility/aggression, dependence, negative self-esteem, negative self-adequacy, emotional instability, emotional unresponsiveness, and negative worldview. However, it was unknown whether the fourth expression of rejection (i.e. undifferentiated rejection) tends to be associated transculturally, as predicted by the theory, with this cluster of dispositions among children. Thus, this meta-analysis investigated 1) the extent to which children's perceptions of maternal and paternal undifferentiated rejection were related to these personality dispositions, and 2) the extent to which these relations varied by gender of parent. To address these questions, we performed a meta-analysis on 16 studies involving 12,538 children in 14 countries. Results showed significant associations between all seven personality dispositions and both maternal and paternal undifferentiated rejection. The results also showed significantly stronger relations between maternal than paternal undifferentiated rejection on five of the seven indices of children's personality.
{"title":"Perceived Parental Undifferentiated Rejection and Children's Personality Dispositions: A Meta-Analysis of Multicultural Studies.","authors":"Sumbleen Ali, Mosammat N Khatun, Abdul Khaleque, Ronald P Rohner","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2110447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2110447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior multicultural meta-analyses have shown that three of the four individual expressions of parental rejection (viz., coldness/lack of affection, hostility/aggression, and indifference/neglect) tend to be significantly associated with all seven of the personality dispositions most central to interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory (IPARTheory). These dispositions include hostility/aggression, dependence, negative self-esteem, negative self-adequacy, emotional instability, emotional unresponsiveness, and negative worldview. However, it was unknown whether the fourth expression of rejection (i.e. undifferentiated rejection) tends to be associated transculturally, as predicted by the theory, with this cluster of dispositions among children. Thus, this meta-analysis investigated 1) the extent to which children's perceptions of maternal and paternal undifferentiated rejection were related to these personality dispositions, and 2) the extent to which these relations varied by gender of parent. To address these questions, we performed a meta-analysis on 16 studies involving 12,538 children in 14 countries. Results showed significant associations between all seven personality dispositions and both maternal and paternal undifferentiated rejection. The results also showed significantly stronger relations between <i>maternal</i> than <i>paternal</i> undifferentiated rejection on five of the seven indices of children's personality.</p>","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10442173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2110854
Reina Takamatsu
This study examined the link between autistic traits and mother-to-child attachment by introducing two mediators: emotional responsiveness to the infantile cuteness of children and negative parental self-concept. We screened 1,317 mothers and recruited those who have a child with high or low autistic traits based on their Autism Spectrum Quotient score. Fifty mothers in the high autistic and 71 mothers in the low autistic groups participated. Results showed that the autistic traits of children are related to weak maternal attachment. Reduced emotional responses to cuteness and negative self-concept mediated the link. These findings suggest that supporting mothers who have a child with autism spectrum disorder may benefit securing mother-to-child attachment as well as the wellbeing of both mother and child.
{"title":"Responses to Infantile Cuteness Explain the Link between Autistic Traits and Reduced Maternal Attachment.","authors":"Reina Takamatsu","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2110854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2110854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the link between autistic traits and mother-to-child attachment by introducing two mediators: emotional responsiveness to the infantile cuteness of children and negative parental self-concept. We screened 1,317 mothers and recruited those who have a child with high or low autistic traits based on their Autism Spectrum Quotient score. Fifty mothers in the high autistic and 71 mothers in the low autistic groups participated. Results showed that the autistic traits of children are related to weak maternal attachment. Reduced emotional responses to cuteness and negative self-concept mediated the link. These findings suggest that supporting mothers who have a child with autism spectrum disorder may benefit securing mother-to-child attachment as well as the wellbeing of both mother and child.</p>","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10508211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2113026
Maria G Bartolo, Anna L Palermiti, Rocco Servidio, Pasquale Musso, Flaviana Tenuta, Maria F Amendola, Angela Costabile, Cristiano Inguglia
This study investigated the associations between parental monitoring, peer pressure, and motivations for responsible drinking, while also taking the mediating role of positive alcohol expectancies into account. The participants were 579 Italian adolescents, aged 14-20 years (M = 16.39 years, SD = 1.27; 55.3% females), involved in a cross-sectional survey. They were administered online self-report questionnaires. Structural equation modeling revealed both direct and indirect positive associations between study variables. Parental monitoring was positively associated, both directly and indirectly, with adolescents' motivations for responsible drinking through the mediation of positive alcohol expectancies; peer pressure was negatively and indirectly associated with adolescents' motivations for responsible drinking, via the mediating role of positive alcohol expectancies. Findings highlighted the importance of environmental factors with regard to motivations for responsible drinking, suggesting the opportunity to implement prevention programs to improve parental monitoring and increase adolescents' skills to manage peer pressure and to develop realistic expectancies about drinking.
{"title":"The Relationship between Parental Monitoring, Peer Pressure, and Motivations for Responsible Drinking among Italian Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Positive Alcohol Expectancies.","authors":"Maria G Bartolo, Anna L Palermiti, Rocco Servidio, Pasquale Musso, Flaviana Tenuta, Maria F Amendola, Angela Costabile, Cristiano Inguglia","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2113026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2113026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the associations between parental monitoring, peer pressure, and motivations for responsible drinking, while also taking the mediating role of positive alcohol expectancies into account. The participants were 579 Italian adolescents, aged 14-20 years (<i>M</i> = 16.39 years, <i>SD</i> = 1.27; 55.3% females), involved in a cross-sectional survey. They were administered online self-report questionnaires. Structural equation modeling revealed both direct and indirect positive associations between study variables. Parental monitoring was positively associated, both directly and indirectly, with adolescents' motivations for responsible drinking through the mediation of positive alcohol expectancies; peer pressure was negatively and indirectly associated with adolescents' motivations for responsible drinking, via the mediating role of positive alcohol expectancies. Findings highlighted the importance of environmental factors with regard to motivations for responsible drinking, suggesting the opportunity to implement prevention programs to improve parental monitoring and increase adolescents' skills to manage peer pressure and to develop realistic expectancies about drinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10817528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01Epub Date: 2022-07-09DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2094211
Jia Miao, Jiangmei Chang, Li Ma
Online learning has become an essential part of acquiring academic and professional qualifications in higher education. Online learning recently gained attention as an effective instructional approach to enhance learning engagement, causing many universities to implement it. To promote learning engagement in online learning environments in higher education, this study collected data from 354 full-time undergraduate students in a large public Chinese university and examined the effects of teacher-student interaction, student-student interaction, and social presence on learning engagement. The research findings indicated that teacher-student and student-student interaction directly affected social presence and learning engagement in online environments. And social presence also directly affected learning engagement. Meanwhile, social presence also mediated the relationship between teacher-student interaction and learning engagement and student-student interaction and learning engagement. This study confirmed the significant effects of teacher-student interaction, student-student and social presence on students' learning engagement in online environments. The findings of this study have significant practical implications for teaching practices.
{"title":"Teacher-Student Interaction, Student-Student Interaction and Social Presence: Their Impacts on Learning Engagement in Online Learning Environments.","authors":"Jia Miao, Jiangmei Chang, Li Ma","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2094211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2094211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Online learning has become an essential part of acquiring academic and professional qualifications in higher education. Online learning recently gained attention as an effective instructional approach to enhance learning engagement, causing many universities to implement it. To promote learning engagement in online learning environments in higher education, this study collected data from 354 full-time undergraduate students in a large public Chinese university and examined the effects of teacher-student interaction, student-student interaction, and social presence on learning engagement. The research findings indicated that teacher-student and student-student interaction directly affected social presence and learning engagement in online environments. And social presence also directly affected learning engagement. Meanwhile, social presence also mediated the relationship between teacher-student interaction and learning engagement and student-student interaction and learning engagement. This study confirmed the significant effects of teacher-student interaction, student-student and social presence on students' learning engagement in online environments. The findings of this study have significant practical implications for teaching practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40492533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}