A new benthic foraminiferal genus and species of Heleninidae was discovered in estuarine sediments of the Sihchong River, western Hengchun Peninsula, Southern Taiwan. Similar to the resembling genus Helenina, Cyclohelenina gen. nov. displays distinct sutural incisions on both spiral and umbilical sides. However, it exhibits relatively coarser perforation of the wall, more roundness along the equatorial outline, and a wider range in the number of chambers (7–10) in the last whorl compared to other Heleninidae genera. This new genus can provide a suitable taxonomical unit for the assignments of several undetermined species that were previously classified to but distinguishable from the genera “Pseudoeponides” and Helenina. In this research, we examined and measured 58 syntypes and one ideotype (from the Kangkou River on the east flank of Hengchun Peninsula) of Cyclohelenina formosaensis sp. nov., the type species of the new genus. Under the concept of functional morphology, the hispid ornamentation found to be present around every opening on the test of C. formosaensis suggests that it may be an herbivore. Observations of yellowish-green stains within fresh tests (evidence for chlorophyll from their food source) are consistent with this inference. The test with low-trochospiral shape and sutural incisions on both sides indicated that C. formosaensis may prefer hyposaline habitats with sandy silt and sand substrates in tide-influenced environments, which is consistent with environment properties of the type locality of the new species.
{"title":"Cyclohelenina Formosaensis Gen. Nov. ET SP. Nov.: a New Benthic foraminifer from Southern Taiwan","authors":"C. Chien, Yuan‐Pin Chang, Kenn-ming Yang","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.301","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A new benthic foraminiferal genus and species of Heleninidae was discovered in estuarine sediments of the Sihchong River, western Hengchun Peninsula, Southern Taiwan. Similar to the resembling genus Helenina, Cyclohelenina gen. nov. displays distinct sutural incisions on both spiral and umbilical sides. However, it exhibits relatively coarser perforation of the wall, more roundness along the equatorial outline, and a wider range in the number of chambers (7–10) in the last whorl compared to other Heleninidae genera. This new genus can provide a suitable taxonomical unit for the assignments of several undetermined species that were previously classified to but distinguishable from the genera “Pseudoeponides” and Helenina.\u0000 In this research, we examined and measured 58 syntypes and one ideotype (from the Kangkou River on the east flank of Hengchun Peninsula) of Cyclohelenina formosaensis sp. nov., the type species of the new genus. Under the concept of functional morphology, the hispid ornamentation found to be present around every opening on the test of C. formosaensis suggests that it may be an herbivore. Observations of yellowish-green stains within fresh tests (evidence for chlorophyll from their food source) are consistent with this inference. The test with low-trochospiral shape and sutural incisions on both sides indicated that C. formosaensis may prefer hyposaline habitats with sandy silt and sand substrates in tide-influenced environments, which is consistent with environment properties of the type locality of the new species.","PeriodicalId":54832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","volume":"132 44","pages":"301-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41265120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Zamora-Duran, R. Aronson, J. Leichter, J. A. Flannery, J. Richey, L. Toth
The marginal marine environments of the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) serve as an ideal natural laboratory to study how oceanographic and climatic variability influence coral-reef ecosystems. Reefs along the Pacific coast of Panamá span a natural gradient of nutrients, pH, and temperature as a result of stronger seasonal upwelling in the Gulf of Panamá relative to the Gulf of Chiriquí. The ecosystems are not only influenced by spatial and seasonal variations in oceanography but are affected by the climatic variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Foraminifera can be robust indicators of ecosystem condition because the composition of their assemblages and the geochemistry of their tests can change rapidly in response to environmental variability. We studied benthic foraminifera in sediment samples collected from 3 m below mean sea level in the Gulf of Panamá and the Gulf of Chiriquí. Temperature loggers deployed from 2016 to 2019 showed that average temperatures were lower and more variable in the Gulf of Panamá due to seasonal upwelling. All sites in both gulfs were dominated by heterotrophic foraminifera, which was likely the result of nutrient enrichment due to upwelling, combined with ENSO effects. However, the Gulf of Chiriquí was characterized by higher abundances of symbiont-bearing foraminifera than the Gulf of Panamá. The orders Miliolida and Rotaliida dominated the foraminiferal assemblages in both gulfs, with Quinqueloculina and Rosalina being the most abundant genera in the two orders, respectively. Miliolids were less abundant in the Gulf of Panamá than in the Gulf of Chiriquí, whereas rotaliid densities were not significantly different between the two gulfs. Lower pH in the Gulf of Panamá as a result of upwelling may have contributed to the lower abundance of miliolids, which secrete tests of high-magnesium calcite. Geochemical analysis of tests of the symbiont-bearing miliolid Sorites marginalis revealed that foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios were lower in the Gulf of Panamá than in the Gulf of Chiriquí. The offset in foraminiferal Mg/Ca is consistent with the lower mean annual temperature observed in the Gulf of Panamá due to stronger seasonal upwelling. Because the geochemistry and assemblages of foraminifera reflect differences in environmental conditions, they could potentially be used in tandem with coral proxies to reconstruct past environmental change and project the future of coral-reef systems within the ETP.
{"title":"Imprint of Regional Oceanography on Foraminifera of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs","authors":"M. A. Zamora-Duran, R. Aronson, J. Leichter, J. A. Flannery, J. Richey, L. Toth","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.279","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The marginal marine environments of the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) serve as an ideal natural laboratory to study how oceanographic and climatic variability influence coral-reef ecosystems. Reefs along the Pacific coast of Panamá span a natural gradient of nutrients, pH, and temperature as a result of stronger seasonal upwelling in the Gulf of Panamá relative to the Gulf of Chiriquí. The ecosystems are not only influenced by spatial and seasonal variations in oceanography but are affected by the climatic variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Foraminifera can be robust indicators of ecosystem condition because the composition of their assemblages and the geochemistry of their tests can change rapidly in response to environmental variability. We studied benthic foraminifera in sediment samples collected from 3 m below mean sea level in the Gulf of Panamá and the Gulf of Chiriquí. Temperature loggers deployed from 2016 to 2019 showed that average temperatures were lower and more variable in the Gulf of Panamá due to seasonal upwelling. All sites in both gulfs were dominated by heterotrophic foraminifera, which was likely the result of nutrient enrichment due to upwelling, combined with ENSO effects. However, the Gulf of Chiriquí was characterized by higher abundances of symbiont-bearing foraminifera than the Gulf of Panamá. The orders Miliolida and Rotaliida dominated the foraminiferal assemblages in both gulfs, with Quinqueloculina and Rosalina being the most abundant genera in the two orders, respectively. Miliolids were less abundant in the Gulf of Panamá than in the Gulf of Chiriquí, whereas rotaliid densities were not significantly different between the two gulfs. Lower pH in the Gulf of Panamá as a result of upwelling may have contributed to the lower abundance of miliolids, which secrete tests of high-magnesium calcite. Geochemical analysis of tests of the symbiont-bearing miliolid Sorites marginalis revealed that foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios were lower in the Gulf of Panamá than in the Gulf of Chiriquí. The offset in foraminiferal Mg/Ca is consistent with the lower mean annual temperature observed in the Gulf of Panamá due to stronger seasonal upwelling. Because the geochemistry and assemblages of foraminifera reflect differences in environmental conditions, they could potentially be used in tandem with coral proxies to reconstruct past environmental change and project the future of coral-reef systems within the ETP.","PeriodicalId":54832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"279-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47789771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Hayward, François Le Coze, L. Vandepitte, B. Vanhoorne
Most foraminiferal research is founded on sound taxonomy. To clearly communicate such research, similar species concepts and consistent use of names is desirable. As a contribution to this larger goal, the World Foraminifera Database (http://www.marinespecies.org/foraminifera) was set up in 2010 as a subset within the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). The purpose is to provide an authoritative, open-access inventory of all foraminiferal taxonomic names. The inventory is almost complete for both fossil and Recent foraminiferal taxa, containing 4932 generic and 55,884 species (including infraspecies) names. There are ∼61,000 genus-species combinations of which ∼54,600 are currently “accepted” species and infraspecies (with 9600 extant). Associated data includes 14,700 linked foraminiferal literature sources, ∼6600 images, and species-level links to many other databases and images, such as the Cushman Collection (Smithsonian Institution), American Museum of Natural History, Mikrotax (planktic foraminifera), GenBank, and Zootaxon. The WoRMS database is owned by the global taxonomic community and hosted and serviced by the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Belgium. We recommend that all researchers working with foraminifera both use and contribute to the World Foraminifera Database, as that will improve the accuracy of the database's content and save investigators many hours of searching elsewhere.
{"title":"Foraminifera in the World Register of Marine Species (Worms) Taxonomic Database","authors":"B. Hayward, François Le Coze, L. Vandepitte, B. Vanhoorne","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.291","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Most foraminiferal research is founded on sound taxonomy. To clearly communicate such research, similar species concepts and consistent use of names is desirable. As a contribution to this larger goal, the World Foraminifera Database (http://www.marinespecies.org/foraminifera) was set up in 2010 as a subset within the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). The purpose is to provide an authoritative, open-access inventory of all foraminiferal taxonomic names. The inventory is almost complete for both fossil and Recent foraminiferal taxa, containing 4932 generic and 55,884 species (including infraspecies) names. There are ∼61,000 genus-species combinations of which ∼54,600 are currently “accepted” species and infraspecies (with 9600 extant). Associated data includes 14,700 linked foraminiferal literature sources, ∼6600 images, and species-level links to many other databases and images, such as the Cushman Collection (Smithsonian Institution), American Museum of Natural History, Mikrotax (planktic foraminifera), GenBank, and Zootaxon. The WoRMS database is owned by the global taxonomic community and hosted and serviced by the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Belgium. We recommend that all researchers working with foraminifera both use and contribute to the World Foraminifera Database, as that will improve the accuracy of the database's content and save investigators many hours of searching elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":54832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"291-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48007032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margarette Bayrón-Arcelay, Kyara Rodríguez-Camacho, D. Acosta-Mercado
It is well established that sediment composition plays an important role in shaping the community of benthic foraminifera (e.g., species richness). To our knowledge, there is little information about morphometric variations in benthic foraminifera in relation to sediment composition and organic matter content. However, given their sensitivity to these environmental variables, variations in size (width and height of the test) and shape (form of the test) of the foraminifera could provide information about potential disturbances, serving as an index of anthropogenic pressure for coastal ecosystems. In this study, we used geometric morphometrics to compare the average size and shape of a common species, Bolivina lowmani, among islets in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. We hypothesized that the average size and shape of B. lowmani will be different among islets. We further hypothesize that there will be a concomitant morphometric gradient of B. lowmani with sediment particle size and organic matter content. After a random sampling approach, we found that size regressed as a function of mud content and shape variations regressed as a function of organic matter content. Therefore, sediment composition could be a factor affecting foraminiferal growth rates highlighting that the morphometrics of benthic foraminifera could be added to the list of potential indexes that could be used to track current environmental degradation in coastal habitats. Furthermore, our data validate the sensitivity of foraminifera and their usefulness as indicators of environmental hazards.
{"title":"Morphological Response of Bolivina Lowmani to Sediment Composition and Organic Matter: Applying Geometric Morphometrics for Potential Bio-Monitoring","authors":"Margarette Bayrón-Arcelay, Kyara Rodríguez-Camacho, D. Acosta-Mercado","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.249","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is well established that sediment composition plays an important role in shaping the community of benthic foraminifera (e.g., species richness). To our knowledge, there is little information about morphometric variations in benthic foraminifera in relation to sediment composition and organic matter content. However, given their sensitivity to these environmental variables, variations in size (width and height of the test) and shape (form of the test) of the foraminifera could provide information about potential disturbances, serving as an index of anthropogenic pressure for coastal ecosystems. In this study, we used geometric morphometrics to compare the average size and shape of a common species, Bolivina lowmani, among islets in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. We hypothesized that the average size and shape of B. lowmani will be different among islets. We further hypothesize that there will be a concomitant morphometric gradient of B. lowmani with sediment particle size and organic matter content. After a random sampling approach, we found that size regressed as a function of mud content and shape variations regressed as a function of organic matter content. Therefore, sediment composition could be a factor affecting foraminiferal growth rates highlighting that the morphometrics of benthic foraminifera could be added to the list of potential indexes that could be used to track current environmental degradation in coastal habitats. Furthermore, our data validate the sensitivity of foraminifera and their usefulness as indicators of environmental hazards.","PeriodicalId":54832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"249-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47185086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here we describe two new species of the genus Turrispirillina associated with large siliceous sponge reefs on the Karasik Seamount (Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean). Careful analysis of Rose Bengal-stained samples and observations on untreated frozen sponge material revealed both species live exclusively inside siliceous sponges of the genus Geodia. More detailed information on the intra-sponge habitat was obtained from untreated frozen sponge material that showed both Turrispirillina species attach themselves to the large megascelere spicules that stabilize the choanoflagellates-harbouring subcortical crypts situated under the thick sponge cortex. Unstained specimens of both species were very abundant in the sediments surrounding the sponge. The number of Rose Bengal-stained specimens in each sample obviously depended on the penetration of a Geodia sponge, likely also the exact position of penetration with respect to the sponge. As sexual and asexual generations are observed in both taxa and sampling took place in autumn, opportunistic behavior with rapid reproduction following the spring bloom may determine the standing stock of both species. These are the first Arctic Turrispirillina species described with pseudospines.
{"title":"Turrispirillina Karasikensis (n. sp.) and Turrispirillina Pervesleri (n. sp.) Associated with Large Sponges on the Gakkel Ridge (Arctic Ocean)","authors":"P. Bukenberger, P. Heinz, J. Wollenburg","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.174","url":null,"abstract":"Here we describe two new species of the genus Turrispirillina associated with large siliceous sponge reefs on the Karasik Seamount (Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean). Careful analysis of Rose Bengal-stained samples and observations on untreated frozen sponge material revealed both species live exclusively inside siliceous sponges of the genus Geodia. More detailed information on the intra-sponge habitat was obtained from untreated frozen sponge material that showed both Turrispirillina species attach themselves to the large megascelere spicules that stabilize the choanoflagellates-harbouring subcortical crypts situated under the thick sponge cortex. Unstained specimens of both species were very abundant in the sediments surrounding the sponge. The number of Rose Bengal-stained specimens in each sample obviously depended on the penetration of a Geodia sponge, likely also the exact position of penetration with respect to the sponge. As sexual and asexual generations are observed in both taxa and sampling took place in autumn, opportunistic behavior with rapid reproduction following the spring bloom may determine the standing stock of both species. These are the first Arctic Turrispirillina species described with pseudospines.","PeriodicalId":54832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"174-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47184135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new calcareous Arctic foraminiferal species, Glomulina oculus n. sp., belonging to the suborder Miliolina has been observed in surface samples from northern Nares Strait and Petermann Fjord, NW Greenland, and off Zachariae Isbrae, NE Greenland, as well as in early Holocene sediments from the northern Baffin Bay region and on the NE Greenland shelf. In some samples, this new porcelaneous species makes up a significant fraction of the foraminiferal assemblage, particularly in samples with a relatively large sand content, and we suggest that this species is indicative of an Arctic environment with marine-terminating glaciers. Yet, further studies are needed to ascertain its full habitat range.
{"title":"Glomulina oculus, New Calcareous Foraminiferal Species from the High Arctic: A Potential Indicator of a Nearby Marine-Terminating Glacier","authors":"A. Jennings, M. Seidenkrantz, K. Knudsen","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.52.2.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.52.2.219","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A new calcareous Arctic foraminiferal species, Glomulina oculus n. sp., belonging to the suborder Miliolina has been observed in surface samples from northern Nares Strait and Petermann Fjord, NW Greenland, and off Zachariae Isbrae, NE Greenland, as well as in early Holocene sediments from the northern Baffin Bay region and on the NE Greenland shelf. In some samples, this new porcelaneous species makes up a significant fraction of the foraminiferal assemblage, particularly in samples with a relatively large sand content, and we suggest that this species is indicative of an Arctic environment with marine-terminating glaciers. Yet, further studies are needed to ascertain its full habitat range.","PeriodicalId":54832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2113/gsjfr.52.2.219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45310779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Porosity in planktonic foraminifers (the proportion of the shell surface covered by pores) is a conspicuous quantitative trait, well preserved in fossil shells and implicated as a source of environmental information. Despite its potential, the functional importance of porosity remains poorly understood. It is likely that pores are important in gas exchange, and differences in shell porosity among species or within species may reflect differences in metabolic rates or ambient oxygen concentration. Theoretically, porosity also affects the weight of the shell; and differences in porosity may reflect an adaptation to the specific density of the seawater or differences in allocation of resources to calcification (shell calcification intensity). Finally, there is evidence that porosity may differ between closely related cryptic species. Here we analyzed the potential role of porosity as a regulator of calcification intensity in Orbulina universa by combining biometric measurements based on sediment surface samples from the western Atlantic with a modelling approach. Specimens of O. universa were analyzed concerning their shell size, shell thickness, and shell porosity under light and scanning electron microscopy, and weighed using a microbalance. The resulting empirically derived model shows an effect size of shell thickness that is 7.5 times larger than the effect of shell porosity on the overall shell calcification intensity. This indicates that porosity is unlikely to be used by this species to regulate calcification intensity. By implementing the model on literature data which analyzed calcification intensity in O. universa, we also show that porosity differences among cryptic species in O. universa are unlikely to explain the observed differences in calcification intensity within the species. These findings indicate that functional explanations for differences in porosity in planktonic foraminifers have to be sought outside of calcification or density regulation and, conversely, that the observed differences in calcification intensity are likely driven by shell thickness and their relationship with environmental forcing can be applied without correction for porosity.
{"title":"Constraining the Role of Shell Porosity in the Regulation of Shell Calcification Intensity in the Modern Planktonic Foraminifer Orbulina Universa d'Orbigny","authors":"M. Weinkauf, M. Zwick, M. Kučera","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.195","url":null,"abstract":"Porosity in planktonic foraminifers (the proportion of the shell surface covered by pores) is a conspicuous quantitative trait, well preserved in fossil shells and implicated as a source of environmental information. Despite its potential, the functional importance of porosity remains poorly understood. It is likely that pores are important in gas exchange, and differences in shell porosity among species or within species may reflect differences in metabolic rates or ambient oxygen concentration. Theoretically, porosity also affects the weight of the shell; and differences in porosity may reflect an adaptation to the specific density of the seawater or differences in allocation of resources to calcification (shell calcification intensity). Finally, there is evidence that porosity may differ between closely related cryptic species. Here we analyzed the potential role of porosity as a regulator of calcification intensity in Orbulina universa by combining biometric measurements based on sediment surface samples from the western Atlantic with a modelling approach. Specimens of O. universa were analyzed concerning their shell size, shell thickness, and shell porosity under light and scanning electron microscopy, and weighed using a microbalance. The resulting empirically derived model shows an effect size of shell thickness that is 7.5 times larger than the effect of shell porosity on the overall shell calcification intensity. This indicates that porosity is unlikely to be used by this species to regulate calcification intensity. By implementing the model on literature data which analyzed calcification intensity in O. universa, we also show that porosity differences among cryptic species in O. universa are unlikely to explain the observed differences in calcification intensity within the species. These findings indicate that functional explanations for differences in porosity in planktonic foraminifers have to be sought outside of calcification or density regulation and, conversely, that the observed differences in calcification intensity are likely driven by shell thickness and their relationship with environmental forcing can be applied without correction for porosity.","PeriodicalId":54832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"195-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43510461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Memory of Josep Serra-Kiel (1948–2019)","authors":"E. Caus, J. Pignatti","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"109-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43355805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shapes of neanic chamberlets in equatorial sections of lepidocyclinids can be described by a set of measurements, allowing their complete geometric reconstruction. The approach provides the base for further investigation of test growth (including environmental perturbations of growth) of species determined by their nepionts. Ontogenetic changes in neanic chambers can be demonstrated using the character averages of annular rows calculated over row numbers. Fitting by regression analyses, function constants can then be used as growth-independent traits characterizing the growth of lepidocyclinid species after the development of their embryonic apparatus’.
{"title":"Methods for Testing Ontogenetic Changes of Neanic Chamberlets in Lepidocyclinids","authors":"J. Hohenegger, Ana I. Torres Silva","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.182","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The shapes of neanic chamberlets in equatorial sections of lepidocyclinids can be described by a set of measurements, allowing their complete geometric reconstruction. The approach provides the base for further investigation of test growth (including environmental perturbations of growth) of species determined by their nepionts. Ontogenetic changes in neanic chambers can be demonstrated using the character averages of annular rows calculated over row numbers. Fitting by regression analyses, function constants can then be used as growth-independent traits characterizing the growth of lepidocyclinid species after the development of their embryonic apparatus’.","PeriodicalId":54832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"182-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41992714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krystyna Kornecki, M. Schuler, Miraim E. Katz, R. Relyea, F. McCarthy, M. Schaller, D. Gillikin, J. Stager, C. Boylen, L. W. Eichler, S. Nierzwicki-Bauer
Lake George (NY) is surrounded by Forever Wild Forest in the Adirondack Park and has a Class AA Special water quality rating, yet lake monitoring has revealed increasing anthropogenic impacts from salt and nutrient loading over the past 30 years. To reconstruct anthropogenic influence on the lake (e.g., salt loading, eutrophication, climate warming), we characterized modern stable isotopes and testate amoeba and diatom assemblages in surface sediments from 33 lake-wide sites and compared their variability to 36 years of water-quality data. Linear regression analyses support testate amoebae as rapid responders and recorders of environmental change because taxa are strongly correlated with percent change of important water quality parameters. Our assessment indicates that: 1) Netzelia gramen is associated with aquatic plants and filamentous algae, making them a valuable aquatic plant/alga indicator, which is supported by the co-occurrence of the diatom Cocconeis spp.; 2) difflugids are generally good indicators of eutrophication, except for Difflugia protaeiformis; and 3) seasonal differences in water quality trends are reflected in the fossil record on decadal time scales. We show that testate amoebae are highly sensitive to small environmental changes in an oligotrophic lake and exhibit established relationships from eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes as well as new, likely oligotrophic-specific correlations. Correlation coefficients of water quality variables and strains within a species also illustrate gradational relationships, suggesting testate amoebae exhibit ecophenotypic plasticity. Diatom and testate amoeba assemblages categorize modern lakebed sites into four subgroups: 1) benthic macrophyte; 2) high nutrient; 3) high alkalinity; and 4) salt loading assemblages.
{"title":"The Canary in the Coal Mine: Testate Amoebae Record Anthropogenic Impacts in Sediments of Oligotrophic Lake George, NY, USA","authors":"Krystyna Kornecki, M. Schuler, Miraim E. Katz, R. Relyea, F. McCarthy, M. Schaller, D. Gillikin, J. Stager, C. Boylen, L. W. Eichler, S. Nierzwicki-Bauer","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.128","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lake George (NY) is surrounded by Forever Wild Forest in the Adirondack Park and has a Class AA Special water quality rating, yet lake monitoring has revealed increasing anthropogenic impacts from salt and nutrient loading over the past 30 years. To reconstruct anthropogenic influence on the lake (e.g., salt loading, eutrophication, climate warming), we characterized modern stable isotopes and testate amoeba and diatom assemblages in surface sediments from 33 lake-wide sites and compared their variability to 36 years of water-quality data.\u0000 Linear regression analyses support testate amoebae as rapid responders and recorders of environmental change because taxa are strongly correlated with percent change of important water quality parameters. Our assessment indicates that: 1) Netzelia gramen is associated with aquatic plants and filamentous algae, making them a valuable aquatic plant/alga indicator, which is supported by the co-occurrence of the diatom Cocconeis spp.; 2) difflugids are generally good indicators of eutrophication, except for Difflugia protaeiformis; and 3) seasonal differences in water quality trends are reflected in the fossil record on decadal time scales. We show that testate amoebae are highly sensitive to small environmental changes in an oligotrophic lake and exhibit established relationships from eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes as well as new, likely oligotrophic-specific correlations. Correlation coefficients of water quality variables and strains within a species also illustrate gradational relationships, suggesting testate amoebae exhibit ecophenotypic plasticity. Diatom and testate amoeba assemblages categorize modern lakebed sites into four subgroups: 1) benthic macrophyte; 2) high nutrient; 3) high alkalinity; and 4) salt loading assemblages.","PeriodicalId":54832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"128-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2113/gsjfr.50.2.128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46635699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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