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Reduced Order Synchronization of Two Non-Identical Special Class of Strict Feedback Systems via Back-Stepping Control Technique 基于退步控制技术的两类非相同特殊严格反馈系统的降阶同步
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063721
Riddhi Bora, Bharat Bhushan Sharma
Abstract This work offers a systematic technique to achieve reduced order synchronization (ROS) between two different order general classes of chaotic systems in a master-slave configuration. In this study, the dynamics of the master and slave systems are assumed to follow a special class of strict-feedback form, namely, the generalized triangular feedback form. The main objective is to design a suitable scalar controller using a Lyapunov theory-based back-stepping approach such that the mth order slave system gets synchronized with the nth order master system. Due to the difference in the order of the systems (m<n and m=(n−1)), it is only possible to achieve the synchronization between m numbers of states of the slave systems with (n−1) numbers of states of the master system, respectively. We cannot conclude on the stability of the nth state of the master system as there is no counterpart (state) available in the slave system to be synchronized with. Adding an additional (m+1)th state dynamics along with a nonlinear feedback controller (U1) to the slave system ensures that the nth state of the master system is synchronized with the (m+1)th state dynamics of the slave system. With the suggested technique proposed in this article, complete state-to-state synchronization can be achieved with only two controllers. The analytical results are successfully validated through numerical simulations presented in the end.
摘要本文提供了一种系统的技术来实现主从结构下两种不同阶的混沌系统之间的降阶同步(ROS)。本文假设主从系统的动力学遵循一类特殊的严格反馈形式,即广义三角反馈形式。主要目标是使用基于李雅普诺夫理论的后退方法设计一个合适的标量控制器,使第m阶从系统与第n阶主系统同步。由于系统的顺序不同(m<n和m=(n−1)),从系统的m个状态与主系统的(n−1)个状态分别只能实现同步。我们不能断定主系统的第n个状态的稳定性,因为从系统中没有对应的(状态)可用来与之同步。向从系统添加一个额外的(m+1)状态动态以及一个非线性反馈控制器(U1),以确保主系统的第n个状态与从系统的(m+1)个状态动态同步。使用本文建议的技术,只需两个控制器就可以实现完全的状态到状态同步。最后通过数值模拟验证了分析结果。
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引用次数: 0
Kinetic- and Strain-Energy Approaches in the Thermal Analysis of Constrained Mechanical Systems: A Comparative Study 约束机械系统热分析中的动能和应变能方法:比较研究
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063725
Moataz Abdalla, Ahmed A. Shabana
Abstract Despite the unconstrained thermal expansion is assumed stress-free, the conventional FE approach requires formulating elastic forces, and this in turn leads to elastic stresses. A displacement-based formulation, on the other hand, can be used to address this limitation by converting the thermal energy to kinetic energy instead of strain energy. The fundamental differences between the strain- and kinetic-energy approaches are discussed. It is shown that the unconstrained thermal expansion predicted using the kinetic-energy approach is independent of the continuum constitutive model, and consequently, such a formulation can be used for both solids and fluids. The displacement (kinetic) and strain (stress) formulations are discussed to shed light on the mechanism of thermal expansion at the macroscopic level. The thermal-expansion displacement formulation (TEDF) and position-gradient multiplicative decomposition into thermal and mechanical parts are used to compute the thermal stresses due to boundary and motion constraints (BMC). TEDF implementation issues are discussed and constant matrices evaluated at a preprocessing stage after applying sweeping matrix technique to eliminate rigid-body thermal-displacement translational modes are identified. Furthermore, the softening effect due to the constitutive-model dependence on the temperature is investigated at high temperatures. Numerical results are presented to show fundamental differences between the TEDF approach that converts heat energy to kinetic energy and conventional FE approach that converts heat energy to strain energy that produces elastic stresses.
尽管假设无约束热膨胀是无应力的,但传统的有限元方法需要制定弹性力,而这反过来又导致弹性应力。另一方面,基于位移的公式可以通过将热能转换为动能而不是应变能来解决这一限制。讨论了应变法和动能法之间的根本区别。结果表明,用动能方法预测的无约束热膨胀与连续统本构模型无关,因此,这种公式可以用于固体和流体。讨论了位移(动力学)和应变(应力)公式,从宏观上阐明了热膨胀的机理。采用热膨胀位移公式(TEDF)和位置梯度乘分解法计算了由于边界和运动约束(BMC)引起的热应力。讨论了TEDF的实现问题,并在应用扫描矩阵技术消除刚体热位移平移模式后确定了预处理阶段的常数矩阵。此外,在高温下,研究了由于本构模型依赖于温度而产生的软化效应。数值结果显示了将热能转化为动能的TEDF方法与将热能转化为产生弹性应力的应变能的传统有限元方法之间的根本区别。
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引用次数: 0
The Finite Element Method in Time For Multibody Dynamics 多体动力学的时域有限元法
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063953
Olivier Bauchau
Abstract The generalized-αscheme has become the approach of choice for the time integration of the equations of motion of multibody systems. Despite its simplicity, this scheme presents drawbacks: the time step size cannot be changed easily, making it difficult to implement time adaptivity, and the solution of periodic problems cannot be found easily. This paper explores an alternative approach based on the finite element method in time. The basic principles underpinning the approach are presented and both time-continuous and time-discontinuous approaches are investigated. Two types of Galerkin schemes will be presented here: the time-continuous and the time-discontinuous schemes. In the former, the displacement field is continuous across inter-element boundaries, whereas discontinuities or “jumps” are allowed across inter-element boundaries for the latter. Simple problems are treated to identify the best schemes. Families of schemes of various accuracy are presented. The first family, based on time-continuous elements, features schemes that do not present numerical dissipation. Asymptotic annihilation is achieved by the time-discontinuous elements that form the second family. The problem of kinematic constraints is treated within the framework of the finite element method in time. Special emphasis is devoted to the satisfaction of the kinematic constraints and their time derivative within a time element.
广义-α格式已成为求解多体系统运动方程时间积分的首选方法。该方案虽然简单,但也存在缺点:时间步长不容易改变,难以实现时间自适应,且不容易找到周期问题的解。本文探索了一种基于时间有限元法的替代方法。提出了支持该方法的基本原理,并对时间连续和时间不连续方法进行了研究。本文将介绍两种类型的伽辽金格式:时间连续格式和时间不连续格式。在前者中,位移场在单元间边界上是连续的,而在后者中,位移场在单元间边界上允许不连续或“跳变”。通过处理简单的问题来确定最佳方案。给出了各种精度的格式族。第一族基于时间连续单元,其特点是不存在数值耗散。渐近湮灭是由形成第二族的时间不连续元素实现的。在时间有限元法的框架内处理运动约束问题。特别强调的是运动学约束及其在时间单元内的时间导数的满足。
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引用次数: 0
Motion Reconstruction of Fast-rotating Rigid Bodies 快速旋转刚体的运动重建
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063952
Rene Neurauter, Stefan Holzinger, Michael Neuhauser, Jan-Thomas Fischer, Johannes Gerstmayr
Abstract Motion reconstruction and navigation require accurate orientation estimation. Modern orientation estimation methods utilize filtering algorithms, such as the Kalman filter or Madgwick's algorithm. However, these methods do not address potential sensor saturation, which may occur within short time periods in highly dynamic applications, such as, e.g., particle tracking in snow avalanches, leading to inaccurate orientation estimates. In this paper, we present two algorithms for orientation estimation combining magnetometer and partially saturated gyrometer readings. One algorithm incorporates magnetic field vector observations and the full nonlinearity of the exponential map. The other, computationally more efficient algorithm builds on a linearization of the exponential map and is solved analytically. Both algorithms are then applied to measurement data from four different experiments, with two of them being snow avalanche experiments. Moreover, Madgwick's filtering algorithm was used to validate the proposed algorithms. The two algorithms improved the orientation estimation significantly in all experiments. Hence, the proposed algorithms can improve the performance of existing sensor fusion algorithms significantly.
运动重建和导航需要精确的方向估计。现代的方向估计方法利用滤波算法,如卡尔曼滤波或Madgwick算法。然而,这些方法并没有解决潜在的传感器饱和问题,这可能会在短时间内发生在高度动态的应用中,例如,雪崩中的粒子跟踪,导致不准确的方向估计。在本文中,我们提出了两种结合磁力计和部分饱和陀螺仪读数的方位估计算法。一种算法结合了磁场矢量观测和指数图的完全非线性。另一种计算效率更高的算法建立在指数映射的线性化基础上,可以解析求解。然后将这两种算法应用于四个不同实验的测量数据,其中两个是雪崩实验。此外,采用Madgwick滤波算法对所提算法进行了验证。在所有实验中,这两种算法都显著提高了方向估计。因此,所提出的算法可以显著提高现有传感器融合算法的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Treatment For The Solution Of Stochastic Fractional Differential Equation Using Lerch Operational Matrix Method 用Lerch运算矩阵法求解随机分数阶微分方程的数值处理
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063885
P. K. Singh, Santanu Saha Ray
Abstract The aim of this article is to propose the Lerch operational matrix method to solve a stochastic fractional differential equation. In this approach, the Lerch polynomials have been used as a basis function. Then, the product operational matrix, integral operational matrix, stochastic operational matrix, and operational matrix of fractional integral based on the Lerch polynomials have been constructed. The main characteristic of this method is to reduce the stochastic fractional differential equation into a system of algebraic equations by using derived operational matrices and suitable collocation points. Moreover, the convergence and error analysis of the presented method is also discussed in detail. Additionally, the applicability of the proposed technique is also demonstrated by solving some examples. To confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the suggested technique, a comparison between the results produced by the proposed method and those obtained by other methods has been provided.
摘要本文的目的是提出求解随机分数阶微分方程的Lerch操作矩阵法。在这种方法中,莱奇多项式被用作基函数。然后,构造了基于Lerch多项式的积运算矩阵、积分运算矩阵、随机运算矩阵和分数阶积分运算矩阵。该方法的主要特点是利用推导出的运算矩阵和合适的配点,将随机分数阶微分方程简化为一个代数方程组。此外,还详细讨论了该方法的收敛性和误差分析。此外,通过算例验证了该方法的适用性。为了验证所提方法的准确性和有效性,将所提方法所产生的结果与其他方法所获得的结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Flexible Planar Three Link Mechanism Using Joint and Piezoelectric Actuators 基于关节和压电作动器的平面柔性三连杆机构动力学建模与控制
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063563
Daniel Hill
Abstract This paper presents a new method of controlling the end effector position and orientation of a flexible planar three-link mechanism. The coupled dynamic model was formulated using a method based on the Udwadia–Kalaba equations of motion for constrained systems. Lyapunov's theory was used to develop a nonlinear control law using piezoelectric actuators and the unconstrained link dynamic models. Numerical simulation was used to demonstrate the system tracking performance of the end effector using a reduced order controller applied to a higher order truth dynamic model.
提出了一种控制柔性平面三连杆机构末端执行器位置和姿态的新方法。采用基于Udwadia-Kalaba运动方程的方法建立了受约束系统的耦合动力学模型。利用李雅普诺夫理论建立了压电作动器的非线性控制律和无约束连杆动力学模型。通过数值仿真验证了将降阶控制器应用于高阶真值动态模型的末端执行器的系统跟踪性能。
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引用次数: 0
Caputo and Conformable Fractional Order Guava Model for Biological Pest Control: Discretization, Stability and Bifurcation 生物害虫防治的Caputo和适形分数阶Guava模型:离散化、稳定性和分岔
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063555
Senol Kartal
Abstract Two predator-prey model describing the guava borers and natural enemies are studied in this paper. Positivity, existence, and uniqueness of the solution, global and local stability analysis of the fixed points of the first model based on the Caputo fractional operator are studied. By adding piecewise constant functions to the second model including conformable fractional operator allows us to transition discrete dynamical system via discretization process. Applying Schur-Cohn criterion to the discrete system, we hold some regions where the equilibrium points in the discretized model are local asymptotically stable. We prove that discretized model displays supercritical Neimark–Sacker bifurcation at the equilibrium point. Theoretical and numerical results show that the discretized system demonstrates richer dynamic properties such as quasi-periodic solutions, bifurcation, and chaotic dynamics than the fractional order model with Caputo operator. All theoretical results are interpreted biologically and the optimum time interval for the harvesting of the guava fruit is given.
摘要本文研究了描述番石榴蛀虫和天敌的两种捕食-食饵模型。研究了基于Caputo分数算子的第一类模型解的正性、存在性和唯一性,以及不动点的全局和局部稳定性分析。通过在第二个模型中加入分段常数函数,包括符合分数算子,我们可以通过离散化过程对离散动力系统进行转换。将Schur-Cohn准则应用于离散系统,得到了离散模型平衡点局部渐近稳定的一些区域。证明了离散模型在平衡点处存在超临界neimmark - sacker分岔。理论和数值结果表明,离散化后的系统比带Caputo算子的分数阶模型具有更丰富的动力学性质,如拟周期解、分岔和混沌动力学等。所有的理论结果都进行了生物学解释,并给出了番石榴果实的最佳采收时间间隔。
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引用次数: 0
Panic-Pressure Conversion Model From Microscopic Pedestrian Movement to Macroscopic Crowd Flow 从微观行人运动到宏观人群流动的恐慌-压力转换模型
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063505
Wenjie Zhu, Rongyong Zhao, Hao Zhang, Cuiling Li, Ping Jia, Yunlong Ma, Dong Wang, Miyuan Li
Abstract Understanding the effects of panic on crowd dynamics in emergency situations has long been considered necessary for pedestrian evacuation control. In the case of disasters, stampedes caused by panic behaviors occur with high possibility, and pedestrians are crushed or trampled, leading to enormous casualties. To eliminate the computational errors accumulated in the traditional macromodel, a macro-microconversion model based on the SF (social force) model and the AR (Aw-Rascle) model is proposed in this paper. The purpose is to use the crowd parameters of the microscopic model as the input part of the macroscopic model and to combine the advantages of the two models to ensure accuracy and improve calculation performance. The concept of the “pressure term” is defined to measure the panic level of the crowd. In addition, a flowchart of the numerical simulation is designed based on the road network conditions at the trampling site. To validate the conversion model, a numerical simulation is conducted in a case study of the Mecca Hajj stampede in 2015. The simulation results display the whole process of crowd marching and meeting with the dynamic variations of the “pressure term.” The simulation results are compared with the traditional simulation results based on a Gaussian distribution, which verifies that the simulation results obtained by the proposed method are closer to the real situation. Moreover, in this study, a new micromacro transformation method for crowd evaluation dynamics, which can enhance computing speed and execution efficiency, is provided.
了解紧急情况下恐慌对人群动态的影响一直被认为是行人疏散控制的必要条件。在发生灾难的情况下,由恐慌行为引起的踩踏事件发生的可能性很大,行人被压碎或踩踏,造成巨大的人员伤亡。为了消除传统宏观模型中积累的计算误差,本文提出了一种基于社会力(SF)模型和AR (law - rascle)模型的宏微观转换模型。目的是将微观模型的人群参数作为宏观模型的输入部分,结合两种模型的优点,保证精度,提高计算性能。“压力项”的概念是用来衡量人群的恐慌程度。此外,根据践踏现场的路网情况,设计了数值模拟流程图。为验证转换模型的有效性,以2015年麦加朝觐踩踏事件为例进行了数值模拟。仿真结果显示了人群行进和满足“压力项”动态变化的全过程。将仿真结果与基于高斯分布的传统仿真结果进行了比较,验证了本文方法得到的仿真结果更接近实际情况。此外,本文还提出了一种新的群体评价动态的宏微观变换方法,提高了计算速度和执行效率。
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引用次数: 0
A Second-order Scheme for the Generalized Time-fractional Burgers' Equation 广义时间分数型Burgers方程的二阶格式
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063792
Reetika Chawla, Devendra Kumar, Satpal Singh
Abstract A second-order numerical scheme is proposed to solve the generalized time-fractional Burgers' equation. Time-fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. First, the quasilinearization process is used to linearize the time-fractional Burgers'; equation, which gives a sequence of linear partial differential equations (PDEs). The Crank-Nicolson scheme is used to discretize the sequence of PDEs in the temporal direction, followed by the central difference formulae for both the first and second-order spatial derivatives. The established error bounds (in the $L^2-$norm) obtained through the meticulous theoretical analysis show that the method is the second-order convergent in both space and time. The technique is also shown to be conditionally stable. Some numerical experiments are presented to confirm the theoretical results.
提出了一种求解广义时间分数型Burgers方程的二阶数值格式。在卡普托意义上考虑时间分数阶导数。首先,采用拟线性化方法对时间分数型Burgers′进行线性化处理;方程,给出了一系列线性偏微分方程(PDEs)。采用Crank-Nicolson格式对时间方向上的偏微分方程序列进行离散化,然后给出一阶和二阶空间导数的中心差分公式。通过细致的理论分析得到了建立的误差界(在L^2-$范数内),表明该方法在空间和时间上都是二阶收敛的。该技术也被证明是有条件稳定的。通过数值实验验证了理论结果。
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引用次数: 0
Novel Single Bounded Input Control Synchronization Criterion for a Category of Hyperchaotic & Chaotic Systems in Presence of Uncertainties 一类超混沌的单有界输入控制同步新准则存在不确定性的混沌系统
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063723
None Pallav, Himesh Handa, Bharat Bhushan Sharma
Abstract Dynamical systems that have a chaotic underlying structure have a sensitive dependency on the initial conditions and the values of their parameters. In this piece of work, a straightforward method for solving the synchronization issue in master-slave arrangement for a category of chaotic or hyperchaotic systems, in which perturbations are present in the parameters of the response system, is discussed. The desired control signal is bounded by the initial state when the controller is activated. There is just one control input that is used, and it is derived from Lyapunov&amp;#39;s concept of stability. In general, it is tricky to synchronize hyperchaotic or chaotic systems with single controller, and the work turns out to be significantly more complex when the parameters of the slave system are perturbed. The feedback controller using single input that has been constructed makes certain that the state variables of the response system are in synchronization with the state variables that correspond to them in the drive system. In order to attain the desired level of synchronization, the required conditions that must be satisfied to do so have been identified utilizing Lyapunov's stability analysis in a simple manner. In addition, numerical illustrations have been provided in order to support and confirm the theoretical findings of the paper.
具有混沌底层结构的动力系统对初始条件及其参数值具有敏感的依赖性。本文讨论了一类响应系统参数中存在扰动的混沌或超混沌系统的主从同步问题的直接求解方法。当控制器被激活时,所需的控制信号由初始状态限定。这里只使用一个控制输入,它来源于李雅普诺夫的稳定性概念。一般来说,用单控制器同步超混沌或混沌系统是一个棘手的问题,当从系统的参数被摄动时,工作变得更加复杂。构造了单输入反馈控制器,使响应系统的状态变量与驱动系统的状态变量保持同步。为了达到期望的同步水平,必须满足的必要条件已经用李亚普诺夫的稳定性分析以一种简单的方式确定。此外,为了支持和证实本文的理论发现,还提供了数值实例。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics
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