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INVESTIGATION OF THE PROBLEM OF OPTIMIZATION OF THE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF A SPARSE AND DENSE COMMUNICATION NETWORK 稀疏密集通信网络层次结构优化问题的研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.34229/0572-2691-2021-1-1
Aleksandr N. Trofimchuk, Vladymyr A. Vasyanin, L. Ushakova
The article is devoted to the study of the optimization problem for the hierarchical structure of a multicommodity communication network with discrete flows and parameters when its density changes (the ratio of the number of network arcs to the maximum possible number of arcs for a given number of nodes in the network). The network has three levels of hierarchy — a backbone, a zonal and a internal and four types of nodes — backbone nodes of the first, second and third types, forming the backbone and zonal levels of the network, and nodes of the fourth type, which subordinate to each backbone node and form the internal levels of the network. The types of nodes different from one another in functionality. The main task of the study is to establish how the structure of the backbone network changes (the number and location of backbone nodes of the first, second and third types), the scheme of processing and distribution of flows and technical and economic indicators of the network's functioning for various degrees of its density. The principles of organizing the sorting and distribution of flows in a three-level network and its mathematical model are given. A mathematical model of the problem of optimizing the structure of the backbone network and the schemes of sorting and distribution of flows is formulated. The algorithms for solving the problem are based on the discrete analogue of the local descent method proposed earlier by the authors, when the neighborhoods of the metric space of possible solutions are chosen from heuristic considerations, taking into account the peculiarities of the problem being solved. Computer modeling of the problem on a homogeneous network containing 100 nodes with a change in the degree of nodes from 2 to 99 is carried out. The modeling was carried out on the example of a road transport network for the transportation of cargo using a computer program, which is part of the instrumental software of the Information and Analytical Decision Support System (IA DSS), which is being developed at the Institute of Telecommunications and Global Information Space of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. An experimental study of the solution to the problem showed that the best technical, economic and operational indicators of its functioning are achieved with a degree nodes from 9 to 14, when high network connectivity is ensured, and is significantly reduced the average and maximum time of delivery of cargos to recipients. The proposed computer technology for solving problem with changing network density allows you to interactively modeling various options of a network , changing the topology, hierarchical structure, flows, parameters and constraints of the model and from the family of the resived results choose the best option, taking into account the selected a goal function and the accepted constraints; calculate preliminary technical and economic indicators of the network's functioning, estimate the cost of additional re
本文研究了具有离散流和参数的多商品通信网络的分层结构在密度(网络中给定节点数的网络弧数与最大可能弧数之比)变化时的优化问题。网络有骨干、分区和内部三种层次结构和四种类型的节点——第一、二、三种类型的骨干节点,构成网络的骨干和分区层次;第四种类型的节点,从属于每个骨干节点,构成网络的内部层次。节点的类型在功能上彼此不同。研究的主要任务是建立骨干网的结构变化(第一、第二、第三类骨干网节点的数量和位置)、流量处理和分布方案以及不同密度下骨干网功能的技术经济指标。给出了三层网络中流的组织、排序和分配的原理及其数学模型。建立了骨干网结构优化问题的数学模型,并给出了流量的排序和分配方案。求解该问题的算法基于先前作者提出的局部下降法的离散模拟,考虑到待解问题的特殊性,从启发式考虑中选择可能解的度量空间的邻域。在包含100个节点的同构网络上,对该问题进行了计算机建模,其中节点的度数从2变化到99。利用计算机程序以货物运输的公路运输网为例进行建模,该程序是乌克兰国家科学院电信和全球信息空间研究所正在开发的信息和分析决策支持系统(IA DSS)工具软件的一部分。通过对该问题解决方案的实验研究表明,在保证高网络连通性的情况下,在节点数为9 ~ 14的情况下,实现了其功能的最佳技术、经济和运行指标,并显著缩短了货物到达收件人的平均时间和最长时间。所提出的解决网络密度变化问题的计算机技术允许对网络的各种选项进行交互建模,改变模型的拓扑、层次结构、流、参数和约束条件,并从所选结果族中选择最佳选项,同时考虑所选目标函数和可接受的约束条件;计算网络运行的初步技术经济指标,估计额外资源的成本,规划其结构要素现代化和建设所需的投资金额,最终通过优化其资源利用,降低流量处理和运输的运营成本,从而提高网络的效率功能。
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引用次数: 1
APPROXIMATIVE PROPERTIES OF ABEL–POISSON-TYPE OPERATORS ON THE GENERALIZED HÖLDER CLASSES 广义HÖLDER类上ABEL–POISSON型算子的逼近性质
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.34229/0572-2691-2021-1-6
Yu. I. Kharkevich, A. Khanin
The paper deals with topical issues of the modern applied mathematics, in particular, an investigation of approximative properties of Abel–Poisson-type operators on the so-called generalized Hölder’s function classes. It is known, that by the generalized Hölder’s function classes we mean the classes of continuous -periodic functions determined by a first-order modulus of continuity. The notion of the modulus of continuity, in turn, was formulated in the papers of famous French mathematician Lebesgue in the beginning of the last century, and since then it belongs to the most important characteristics of smoothness for continuous functions, which can describe all natural processes in mathematical modeling. At the same time, the Abel-Poisson-type operators themselves are the solutions of elliptic-type partial differential equations. That is why the results obtained in this paper are significant for subsequent research in the field of applied mathematics. The theorem proved in this paper characterizes the upper bound of deviation of continuous -periodic functions determined by a first-order modulus of continuity from their Abel–Poisson-type operators. Hence, the classical Kolmogorov–Nikol’skii problem in A.I. Stepanets sense is solved on the approximation of functions from the classes by their Abel–Poisson-type operators. We know, that the Abel–Poisson-type operators, in partial cases, turn to the well-known in applied mathematics Poisson and Jacobi–Weierstrass operators. Therefore, from the obtained theorem follow the asymptotic equalities for the upper bounds of deviation of functions from the Hölder’s classes of order from their Poisson and Jacobi–Weierstrass operators, respectively. The obtained equalities generalize the known in this direction results from the field of applied mathematics.
本文讨论了现代应用数学的热点问题,特别是研究了Abel–Poisson型算子在所谓的广义Hölder函数类上的近似性质。众所周知,广义Hölder函数类是指由一阶连续模确定的连续周期函数类。连续模的概念反过来在上世纪初法国著名数学家勒贝格的论文中提出,从那时起,它属于连续函数光滑性的最重要特征,可以描述数学建模中的所有自然过程。同时,Abel-Poisson型算子本身就是椭圆型偏微分方程的解。这就是为什么本文的结果对应用数学领域的后续研究具有重要意义。本文证明的定理刻画了由Abel–Poisson型算子的一阶连续模确定的连续周期函数的偏差上界。因此,A.I.Stepanets意义上的经典Kolmogorov–Nikol’skii问题是通过Abel–Poisson型算子在类函数的近似上求解的。我们知道,Abel–Poisson型算子,在部分情况下,转向应用数学中众所周知的Poisson和Jacobi–Weierstrass算子。因此,根据所获得的定理,分别从泊松算子和Jacobi–Weierstrass算子得到Hölder阶类函数偏差上界的渐近等式。所得到的等式推广了应用数学领域在这个方向上已知的结果。
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引用次数: 1
ON APPROXIMATE OPTIMAL CONTROL FOR THE REACTION-DIFFUSION PROCESS IN MICROINHOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM 微非均匀介质中反应扩散过程的近似最优控制
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.34229/0572-2691-2021-1-2
N. V. Gorban’, Alexey V. Kapustyan, E. Kapustyan, Alexander B. Kurilko
The problem of constructing an approximate optimal control for controlled processes of chemical kinetics in microinhomogeneous medium is considered. Such processes are described by semilinear parabolic equations of the reaction-diffusion type with coefficients of the form . The preference of an approximate control as the optimal control in the problem with averaged coefficients is justified. An example of the construction of such a control is discussed and its efficiency is demonstrated.
研究了微均匀介质中化学动力学受控过程的近似最优控制问题。这类过程是由具有形式系数的反应扩散型双线性抛物方程描述的。在具有平均系数的问题中,近似控制作为最优控制的偏好是合理的。讨论了这种控制结构的一个例子,并证明了它的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL GAMES IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS WITH DELAY 时滞分布式系统的随机微分对策
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.34229/0572-2691-2021-1-4
L. Vlasenko, A. G. Rutkas, Arkady A. Chikrii
We study a differential game of approach in a delay stochastic system. The evolution of the system is described by Ito`s linear stochastic differential equation in Hilbert space. The considered Hilbert spaces are assumed to be real and separable. The Wiener process takes values in a Hilbert space and has a nuclear symmetric positive covariance operator. The pursuer and evader controls are non-anticipating random processes, taking on values, generally, in different Hilbert spaces. The operator multiplying the system state is the generator of an analytic semigroup. Solutions of the equation are represented with the help of a formula of variation of constants by the initial data and the control block. The delay effect is taken into account by summing shift type operators. To study the differential game, the method of resolving functions is extended to case of delay stochastic systems in Hilbert spaces. The technique of set-valued mappings and their selectors is used. We consider the application of obtained results in abstract Hilbert spaces to systems described by stochastic partial differential equations with time delay. By taking into account a random external influence and time delay, we study the heat propagation process with controlled distributed heat source and leak.
研究了一类时滞随机系统的微分对策。系统的演化用Ito在Hilbert空间中的线性随机微分方程来描述。假设所考虑的希尔伯特空间是实数且可分离的。维纳过程取希尔伯特空间中的值,并具有核对称正协方差算子。追逐者和逃避者控制是非预期的随机过程,通常在不同的希尔伯特空间中取值。系统状态的算子乘法是解析半群的生成。方程的解由初始数据和控制块的常数变分公式表示。延时效应是通过对移位型算子求和来考虑的。为了研究微分对策,将求解函数的方法推广到Hilbert空间中的时滞随机系统。使用集值映射及其选择器的技术。我们考虑将抽象Hilbert空间中得到的结果应用于具有时滞的随机偏微分方程所描述的系统。在考虑随机外部影响和时间延迟的情况下,研究了受控分布热源和泄漏的热传播过程。
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引用次数: 0
DATABASE PROTECTION BASED ON WEB APPLICATION FIREWALL 基于web应用防火墙的数据库保护
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.34229/0572-2691-2021-1-7
R. Khamdamov, K. Kerimov
Web applications are increasingly being used in activities such as reading news, paying bills, and shopping online. As these services grow, you can see an increase in the number and extent of attacks on them, such as: theft of personal information, bank data and other cases of cybercrime. All of the above is a consequence of the openness of information in the database. Web application security is highly dependent on database security. Client request data is usually retrieved by a set of requests that request the application user. If the data entered by the user is not scanned very carefully, you can collect a whole host of types of attacks that use web applications to create security threats to the database. Unfortunately, due to time constraints, web application programmers usually focus on the functionality of web applications, but only few worry about security. This article provides methods for detecting anomalies using a database firewall. The methods of penetration and types of hacks are investigated. A database firewall is proposed that can block known and unknown attacks on Web applications. This software can work in various ways depending on the configuration. There are almost no false positives, and the overhead of performance is relatively small. The developed database firewall is designed to protect against attacks on web application databases. It works as a proxy, which means that requests for SQL expressions received from the client will first be sent to the developed firewall, rather than to the database server itself. The firewall analyzes the request: requests that are considered strange are blocked by the firewall and an empty result is returned to the client.
Web应用程序越来越多地用于阅读新闻、支付账单和在线购物等活动。随着这些服务的发展,你可以看到攻击它们的数量和范围都在增加,例如:盗窃个人信息、银行数据和其他网络犯罪案件。所有这些都是数据库信息公开的结果。Web应用程序的安全性高度依赖于数据库的安全性。客户机请求数据通常由一组请求应用程序用户的请求来检索。如果没有非常仔细地扫描用户输入的数据,则可以收集到大量使用web应用程序对数据库造成安全威胁的攻击类型。不幸的是,由于时间的限制,web应用程序程序员通常关注的是web应用程序的功能,而很少有人关心安全性。本文提供了使用数据库防火墙检测异常的方法。对入侵方法和黑客类型进行了研究。提出了一种数据库防火墙,可以阻止对Web应用程序的已知和未知攻击。该软件可以根据配置以各种方式工作。几乎没有误报,性能开销也相对较小。开发的数据库防火墙旨在防止对web应用数据库的攻击。它充当代理,这意味着从客户机接收到的SQL表达式请求将首先发送到开发的防火墙,而不是发送到数据库服务器本身。防火墙对请求进行分析,认为奇怪的请求被防火墙拦截,并返回空结果给客户端。
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引用次数: 0
MODEL AND METHOD OF CONTROLLED PYROLYSIS OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES OF VARIABLE COMPOSITION 可变组分有机物控制热解模型与方法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.34229/0572-2691-2021-1-12
K. Beglov, A. Brunetkin, M. Maximov, E. O. Ulitskaya
The issues of organization of the process of slow pyrolysis of organic substances, in the general case of unknown and variable composition, are considered. The relevance of the work is determined by considering the possibility of using various organic waste (domestic, agricultural, industrial) without their preliminary sorting and drying to obtain secondary energy resources of a known (controlled) composition. The novelty of the work is due to the development of a model for the method of controlled pyrolysis or gasification of organic substances with a minimum amount of solid residues at a maximum calorific value of the resulting mixture of combustible gases. A process based on filtration combustion in superadiabatic mode is considered. In existing devices, when this mode is implemented, a counter flow of the feedstock and reaction products is organized. As a result, a part of the water vapor generated at the drying stage is part of the mixture of reaction products and, accordingly, reduce their energy value. The scheme of the process proposed for consideration is based on the organization of the associated flow of feedstock and reaction products. As a result, the resulting carbon dioxide and water vapor are used as additional oxidizing agents. As a result, the carbonaceous residue decreases with a simultaneous increase in the composition of the mixture of gaseous products of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. A scheme for real-time monitoring of the composition of the feedstock during pyrolysis (gasification) is proposed. Knowledge of the composition makes it possible to control the process of its processing in order to: a) organize the optimal gasification process in terms of maximizing the amount and energy value of the mixture of gaseous reaction products; b) control the consumption of the processed feedstock in order to produce the required amount of product gas at any given time.
考虑了在成分未知和可变的一般情况下,有机物质缓慢热解过程的组织问题。这项工作的相关性是通过考虑在不进行初步分类和干燥的情况下使用各种有机废物(生活、农业、工业)以获得已知(受控)成分的二次能源的可能性来确定的。这项工作的新颖性是由于开发了一种控制热解或气化有机物质的方法模型,该方法在所得可燃气体混合物的最大热值下具有最小量的固体残留物。考虑了一种基于超绝热模式下过滤燃烧的过程。在现有装置中,当实施该模式时,组织原料和反应产物的逆流。结果,在干燥阶段产生的一部分水蒸气是反应产物混合物的一部分,因此降低了它们的能量值。建议考虑的工艺方案是基于原料和反应产物的相关流动的组织。结果,所得的二氧化碳和水蒸气被用作额外的氧化剂。结果,碳质残留物随着一氧化碳和氢气的气态产物的混合物的组成的同时增加而减少。提出了一种在热解(气化)过程中实时监测原料成分的方案。组合物的知识使控制其处理过程成为可能,以便:a)在最大化气体反应产物混合物的量和能量值方面组织最佳气化过程;b) 控制经处理的原料的消耗,以便在任何给定时间产生所需量的产物气体。
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引用次数: 0
SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC SEGMENTATION OF PAUSES IN PHONOGRAMS ON THE BASIS OF NEURON NETWORKS OF THE DEEP LEARNING 基于深度学习神经元网络的留声图停顿自动分割系统
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.34229/0572-2691-2021-1-8
Viktor I. Soloviev, O. Rybalsky, V. Zhuravel
The use of neuron networks of the deep learning for the construction of tool for realization of examinations of materials and apparatus of the digital audio recording allows to solve the «frigging» problem of such examination — problem of exposure of tracks of editing in digital phonograms. These networks provide high probability of exposure of such tracks in the pauses of speech information writtenin on a phonogram. Before man-hunting of tracks of editing in the investigated phonogram it is necessary to distinguish pauses (to perform its segmentation), and tool built on the basis of neuron networks of the deep learning, requires its work to be done in automatic mode. The basic requirement of automatic segmentation is high efficiency of selection of pauses in the conditions of permanent change of level of noises in phonograms. It is determined by probability of errors of І and ІІ kinds. It is offered on the basis of neuron networks of the deep learning to create CAS of segmentation of phonograms, possessing high efficiency of selection of pauses in speech information. Thus the system must be independent of level of noises in every concrete pause, and also language, context and announcer, whose speech is fixed in a phonogram. It is suggested to examine pauses as one of the types of voice information, which characteristics differ from characteristics of speech information fixed in a phonogram. For educating of such network it was required to create the primary base of these sounds and pauses. On its basis three arrays of the data, intended for learning, testing and determination of the crooked errors of І and ІІ kinds, are created. After learning and testing the system passed verification on the real phonograms. As a result taking into account some features of speech on the neuron networks of deep learning there has been built the system providing effective segmentation of pauses in phonograms in the automatics mode. The obtained results suit examination that is conformed by given curves over of errors of І and ІІ kinds.
利用深度学习的神经元网络构建工具来实现对数字录音材料和设备的检查,可以解决这种检查的“恼人”问题-数字录音中编辑轨迹的暴露问题。这些网络提供了在写在音图上的语音信息的停顿中暴露这些轨迹的高概率。在对被调查的音图进行编辑音轨的人工搜索之前,需要对停顿进行区分(进行分割),而基于深度学习的神经元网络构建的工具要求其工作在自动模式下完成。自动分割的基本要求是在留声机噪声水平不断变化的情况下,能够高效地选择停顿。它是由І和ІІ类的误差概率决定的。在深度学习神经元网络的基础上,提出了一种基于语音图分割的CAS,具有语音信息中停顿选择的高效率。因此,该系统必须独立于每个具体停顿中的噪声水平,以及语言、上下文和播音员(其讲话固定在音图中)。建议将停顿作为语音信息的一种,其特征不同于语音图中固定的语音信息特征。为了教育这种网络,需要创造这些声音和停顿的基本基础。在此基础上,创建了三个数据数组,用于学习、测试和确定І和ІІ类型的弯曲误差。经过学习和测试,该系统通过了在真实录音机上的验证。因此,考虑到深度学习神经元网络中语音的一些特征,建立了在自动模式下对留声图中的停顿进行有效分割的系统。所得结果符合І和ІІ两种误差曲线的检验结果。
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引用次数: 0
ENHANCING ADEQUACY OF GRADING STUDY PROJECTS ON THE BASE OF PARAMETRIC RELAXATION OF PAIRWISE COMPARISONS 在两两比较参数松弛的基础上,提高研究项目评分的充分性
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.34229/0572-2691-2021-1-11
Alexey V. Oletsky, M. F. Makhno
A problem of automated assessing of students’ study projects is regarded. A heuristic algorithm based on fuzzy estimating of projects and on pairwise comparisons among them is proposed. For improving adequacy and naturalness of grades, an approach based on introducing a parameter named relaxation parameter was suggested in the paper. This enables to reduce the spread between maximum and minimum values of projects in comparison with the one in the standard scale suggested by T. Saati. Reasonable values of this parameter were selected experimentally. For estimating the best alternative, a center of mass of a fuzzy max-min composition should be calculated. An estimation algorithm for a case of non-transitive preferences based on getting strongly connected components and on pairwise comparisons between them is also suggested. In this case, relaxation parameters should be chosen separately for each subtask. So the combined technique of evaluating alternatives proposed in the paper depends of the following parameters: relaxation parameters for pairwise comparisons matrices within each strongly connected components; relaxation parameter for pairwise comparisons matrices among strongly connected components; membership function for describing the best alternative.
研究了学生学习项目的自动评估问题。提出了一种基于项目模糊估计和项目间两两比较的启发式算法。为了提高等级的充分性和自然性,本文提出了一种基于引入松弛参数的方法。与T.Saati建议的标准量表相比,这能够减少项目最大值和最小值之间的差异。实验选择了该参数的合理值。为了估计最佳替代方案,应计算模糊最大最小成分的质心。还提出了一种基于强连通分量的非传递偏好估计算法以及它们之间的成对比较。在这种情况下,应分别为每个子任务选择松弛参数。因此,本文提出的评估备选方案的组合技术取决于以下参数:每个强连通分量内成对比较矩阵的松弛参数;强连通分量之间的成对比较矩阵的松弛参数;用于描述最佳备选方案的成员关系函数。
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引用次数: 1
Characteristics of Mathematical Modelling for the Internet of Things System 物联网系统数学建模的特点
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jautomatinfscien.v52.i1.20
Elena V. Nehodenko, V. V. Onyshchenko
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引用次数: 0
Method of Identification of Attributes of Phonogram Digital Editing Using Neural Networks of Deep Learning 基于深度学习神经网络的音图数字编辑属性识别方法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/jautomatinfscien.v52.i1.30
V. Solovyov, O. Rybalskiy, V. Zhuravel
{"title":"Method of Identification of Attributes of Phonogram Digital Editing Using Neural Networks of Deep Learning","authors":"V. Solovyov, O. Rybalskiy, V. Zhuravel","doi":"10.1615/jautomatinfscien.v52.i1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/jautomatinfscien.v52.i1.30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Automation and Information Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67562431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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Journal of Automation and Information Sciences
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