Danyi Qi, Brian E Roe, John W Apolzan, Corby K Martin
The proliferation of personal, household and workplace sensors and devices has created individual environments rich with purposeful and incidental feedback capable of altering behavior. We formulate an empirical learning model suitable for understanding individual behavioral responses in such environments. We estimate this model using data collected about the joint personal decisions of food selection, intake, and waste during a study in which users photographed their meal selections and plate waste over the course of a week with a cell phone. Despite neutral recruitment language and no expectation that participants would alter food intake in response to the assessment procedures, we found a substantial learning-by-doing effect in plate waste reduction as those who document greater plate waste in their captured photographs waste less on subsequent days. Further we identified that participants reduced plate waste by learning to eat more rather than by learning to reduce the amount of food selected.
{"title":"Learning about Our Vices from Devices: A Model of Individual Learning with an Application to Consumer Food Waste.","authors":"Danyi Qi, Brian E Roe, John W Apolzan, Corby K Martin","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.320676","DOIUrl":"10.22004/ag.econ.320676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proliferation of personal, household and workplace sensors and devices has created individual environments rich with purposeful and incidental feedback capable of altering behavior. We formulate an empirical learning model suitable for understanding individual behavioral responses in such environments. We estimate this model using data collected about the joint personal decisions of food selection, intake, and waste during a study in which users photographed their meal selections and plate waste over the course of a week with a cell phone. Despite neutral recruitment language and no expectation that participants would alter food intake in response to the assessment procedures, we found a substantial learning-by-doing effect in plate waste reduction as those who document greater plate waste in their captured photographs waste less on subsequent days. Further we identified that participants reduced plate waste by learning to eat more rather than by learning to reduce the amount of food selected.</p>","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10274380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9708380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles C. Martinez, C. Boyer, J. Rhinehart, Kenneth H. Burdine
There are many factors that impact profitability in cow-calf beef production. For example, retaining a female that suffers a failed pregnancy decreases the likelihood of a beef cow or heifer being profitable over her life. Several factors can cause a failed pregnancy, but retaining females that calve late within a defined calving season (days between birth of the first and last calf of an individual herd and/or multiple herds) can increase the likelihood of future failed pregnancy (Mousel et al., 2012). Late calving females get less time for uterine repair (involution) and overcoming postpartum anestrous before the next breeding season (postpartum interval), reducing the likelihood of the female becoming pregnant during the next breeding season. For example, a study found heifers that calved within the first 22 days of the defined calving season were more likely to remain in the herd longer (or increased longevity) than heifers that calved on day 23 or later (Mousel et al., 2012). A long calving season generally results in a lighter average weaning weight with a wider range of calf weights. Most cow-calf producers in the United States sell calves at weaning, and weaning typically happens when time allows regardless of calf age or weight. Therefore, calves born late in the calving season will be younger and lighter weight than early born calves. Lighter weight calves and less uniformity in calf weights can impact profitability of the herd. Calves are typically sold in lots grouped on weight ranges, and buyers commonly pay higher prices for cattle sold in larger lots (i.e., more uniform) to fill and ship truckloads more efficiently. Shortening the calving season provides an opportunity to capture price premiums from weaning weight uniformity when marketing calves (Boyer, Griffith and Pohler, 2020). However, identifying a strategy to shift to a shorter calving season can be difficult. This publication analyzes not just what happens to net returns when shortening the calving season but also what is the most profitable strategy for shortening the calving season length.
{"title":"Replacing Late Calving Beef Cows to Shorten Calving Season","authors":"Charles C. Martinez, C. Boyer, J. Rhinehart, Kenneth H. Burdine","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.309987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.309987","url":null,"abstract":"There are many factors that impact profitability in cow-calf beef production. For example, retaining a female that suffers a failed pregnancy decreases the likelihood of a beef cow or heifer being profitable over her life. Several factors can cause a failed pregnancy, but retaining females that calve late within a defined calving season (days between birth of the first and last calf of an individual herd and/or multiple herds) can increase the likelihood of future failed pregnancy (Mousel et al., 2012). Late calving females get less time for uterine repair (involution) and overcoming postpartum anestrous before the next breeding season (postpartum interval), reducing the likelihood of the female becoming pregnant during the next breeding season. For example, a study found heifers that calved within the first 22 days of the defined calving season were more likely to remain in the herd longer (or increased longevity) than heifers that calved on day 23 or later (Mousel et al., 2012). A long calving season generally results in a lighter average weaning weight with a wider range of calf weights. Most cow-calf producers in the United States sell calves at weaning, and weaning typically happens when time allows regardless of calf age or weight. Therefore, calves born late in the calving season will be younger and lighter weight than early born calves. Lighter weight calves and less uniformity in calf weights can impact profitability of the herd. Calves are typically sold in lots grouped on weight ranges, and buyers commonly pay higher prices for cattle sold in larger lots (i.e., more uniform) to fill and ship truckloads more efficiently. Shortening the calving season provides an opportunity to capture price premiums from weaning weight uniformity when marketing calves (Boyer, Griffith and Pohler, 2020). However, identifying a strategy to shift to a shorter calving season can be difficult. This publication analyzes not just what happens to net returns when shortening the calving season but also what is the most profitable strategy for shortening the calving season length.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48225597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last two decades, the EU dairy sector has been interested by considerable changes and two policy reforms, the Fischler Reform and the Common Market Organization Reform, pushing toward economic liberalization. These changes affected the EU supply chains at different levels, altering the mechanisms of vertical price transmission. Against this background, we apply error correction models to assess how price signals are passed through, before and after the Italian milk supply chain reforms. In particular, we study the degree of price transmission asymmetries and conclude that market sluggishness has increased in the post-reform period, but the asymmetric dynamics are less evident. Reflections on future research needs are discussed.
{"title":"On Policy Interventions and Vertical Price Transmission: the Italian Milk Supply Chain Case","authors":"F. Antonioli, F. Santeramo","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.310533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.310533","url":null,"abstract":"During the last two decades, the EU dairy sector has been interested by considerable changes and two policy reforms, the Fischler Reform and the Common Market Organization Reform, pushing toward economic liberalization. These changes affected the EU supply chains at different levels, altering the mechanisms of vertical price transmission. Against this background, we apply error correction models to assess how price signals are passed through, before and after the Italian milk supply chain reforms. In particular, we study the degree of price transmission asymmetries and conclude that market sluggishness has increased in the post-reform period, but the asymmetric dynamics are less evident. Reflections on future research needs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44253461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants of Global Agricultural Trade","authors":"S. Devadoss, Blessing Ugwuanyi, W. Ridley","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.313317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.313317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68543207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study develops long-term scenarios combining trends in population numbers, incomes, and crop productivity for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) up to 2050 by using a recursive-dynamic version of the GTAP general equilibrium model. Results suggest that crop productivity will have a major impact on cropland expansion in SSA, giving potentially available cropland the role of a buffer that could smooth differences between future production outcomes. Another inherent smoothing factor will be countervailing trends in population and income growth that will diminish future differences in food commodity consumption per capita and limit the impact of African trends in the rest of the world.
{"title":"Long-Term Scenarios for Sub-Saharan Africa’s Agro-Food Markets with Varying Population, Income and Crop Productivity Trends","authors":"A. Kuhn, W. Britz","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.304766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.304766","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops long-term scenarios combining trends in population numbers, incomes, and crop productivity for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) up to 2050 by using a recursive-dynamic version of the GTAP general equilibrium model. Results suggest that crop productivity will have a major impact on cropland expansion in SSA, giving potentially available cropland the role of a buffer that could smooth differences between future production outcomes. Another inherent smoothing factor will be countervailing trends in population and income growth that will diminish future differences in food commodity consumption per capita and limit the impact of African trends in the rest of the world.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68539039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We evaluate whether changes in geographic distribution of landings coincided with implementation of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) in the limited-entry groundfish trawl fishery on the U.S. Pacific coast. We use a spatial Theil index, kernel density functions of port revenue share, and Shorrocks index of intradistributional mobility to measure changes in spatial distribution. We find evidence of increased spatial concentration; however, this appears consistent with preexisting trends and not related to ITQs. Further, we find a high degree of intradistributional mobility in the revenue share of ports that coincided with ITQ implementation.
{"title":"Geographic Distribution of Commercial Fishing Landings and Port Consolidation Following ITQ Implementation","authors":"C. Speir, Min-Yang A. Lee","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.303606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.303606","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluate whether changes in geographic distribution of landings coincided with implementation of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) in the limited-entry groundfish trawl fishery on the U.S. Pacific coast. We use a spatial Theil index, kernel density functions of port revenue share, and Shorrocks index of intradistributional mobility to measure changes in spatial distribution. We find evidence of increased spatial concentration; however, this appears consistent with preexisting trends and not related to ITQs. Further, we find a high degree of intradistributional mobility in the revenue share of ports that coincided with ITQ implementation.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68539248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We develop a heterogeneous firm model that allows us to identify the relationship between firm productivity and product quality. The model is used to analyze the impact of trade costs on food and agricultural trade based on a bilateral trade dataset covering 159 countries over the period 2010–2013. The results show that a high firm capability cutoff—implying an ability to produce high quality—limits export market entry. In addition, fixed and variable trade costs have a negative and significant impact on the probability of firms entering export markets, while variable trade costs have a negative and significant effect on firms’ export levels.
{"title":"Product Quality in Food and Agricultural Trade: Firm Heterogeneity and the Impact of Trade Costs","authors":"Jihyun Eum, I. Sheldon, S. Thompson","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.303602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.303602","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a heterogeneous firm model that allows us to identify the relationship between firm productivity and product quality. The model is used to analyze the impact of trade costs on food and agricultural trade based on a bilateral trade dataset covering 159 countries over the period 2010–2013. The results show that a high firm capability cutoff—implying an ability to produce high quality—limits export market entry. In addition, fixed and variable trade costs have a negative and significant impact on the probability of firms entering export markets, while variable trade costs have a negative and significant effect on firms’ export levels.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68538693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating Crop Yield Densities for Counties with Missing Data","authors":"Eunchun Park, Ardian Harri, Keith H. Coble","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.313319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.313319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68543298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of breed on carcass characteristics in various breeds of cattle has been well documented. This paper attaches these differences in breed characteristics to end revenue via different breed and breed combinations, percentage of Angus in pedigree, and purebred status. We find that while the genetics of many breeds is priced roughly in line with its value, some breeds are overpriced or underpriced by enough to significantly improve a cattle operation’s profitability. We find that, relative to a pure Angus base, most breeds are less profitable in terms of carcass revenue per hundredweight.
{"title":"Are Cattle Genetics Priced to Reflect Carcass Value","authors":"J. Worley, J. Dorfman, Levi A. Russell","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.304770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.304770","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of breed on carcass characteristics in various breeds of cattle has been well documented. This paper attaches these differences in breed characteristics to end revenue via different breed and breed combinations, percentage of Angus in pedigree, and purebred status. We find that while the genetics of many breeds is priced roughly in line with its value, some breeds are overpriced or underpriced by enough to significantly improve a cattle operation’s profitability. We find that, relative to a pure Angus base, most breeds are less profitable in terms of carcass revenue per hundredweight.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68539590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers three possible issues about the design of the Rainfall Index Pasture, Rangeland and Forage (RI-PRF) crop insurance program: (i) how well the rainfall index matches actual rainfall, (ii) whether the county base values can be made more accurate using spatial smoothing, and (iii) optimal choices of RI-PRF crop insurance alternatives for producers and reducing the number of choices that producers have to make. Based on the results, we conclude that the RI-PRF crop insurance program needs to reduce the number of choices and provide suggestions for restricting the choices.
{"title":"Design of the Rainfall Index Crop Insurance Program for Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage","authors":"Whoi Cho, B. Brorsen","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.303607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.303607","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers three possible issues about the design of the Rainfall Index Pasture, Rangeland and Forage (RI-PRF) crop insurance program: (i) how well the rainfall index matches actual rainfall, (ii) whether the county base values can be made more accurate using spatial smoothing, and (iii) optimal choices of RI-PRF crop insurance alternatives for producers and reducing the number of choices that producers have to make. Based on the results, we conclude that the RI-PRF crop insurance program needs to reduce the number of choices and provide suggestions for restricting the choices.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68539329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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