This paper illustrates how to improve the immersiveness of an environmental valuation study using virtual reality headsets and real video footage. Recent research has used “virtual environments" to study this issue, however technological advances in virtual reality headsets allow for a far greater degree of immersion. In this study, subjects were randomly shown either a virtual reality video or static pictures of a polluted lake, before and after cleanup. They were then asked to indicate whether they would be willing to pay a random amount to improve lake water quality to the level shown. A discrete choice model is used to estimate and compare the willingness to pay for both groups. In this case study there was no detectable effect on willingness to pay estimates. However, the technology may be beneficial for other valuation scenarios, particularly when the environmental change is complex or difficult for participants to evaluate.
{"title":"Immersive Virtual Reality and Willingness to Pay","authors":"Kevin Meyer","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.302497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.302497","url":null,"abstract":"This paper illustrates how to improve the immersiveness of an environmental valuation study using virtual reality headsets and real video footage. Recent research has used “virtual environments\" to study this issue, however technological advances in virtual reality headsets allow for a far greater degree of immersion. In this study, subjects were randomly shown either a virtual reality video or static pictures of a polluted lake, before and after cleanup. They were then asked to indicate whether they would be willing to pay a random amount to improve lake water quality to the level shown. A discrete choice model is used to estimate and compare the willingness to pay for both groups. In this case study there was no detectable effect on willingness to pay estimates. However, the technology may be beneficial for other valuation scenarios, particularly when the environmental change is complex or difficult for participants to evaluate.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":"45 1","pages":"484-495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68538339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We estimate the effects of utility-scale wind turbines on agricultural land values in Kansas using parcel-level transaction data from 2001 to 2017 in a hedonic price model. By matching transaction data and wind turbine data at the common land units scale, we are able to ascertain on-farm effects as well as near-farm effects. Across all our analyses, the preponderance of results suggests that wind turbines do not affect agricultural property values, both on-farm and nearby, in a statistically significant way. Thus, our results cannot confirm that wind turbines will increase land values when installed on a parcel.
{"title":"The On-Farm and Near-Farm Effects of Wind Turbines on Agricultural Land Values","authors":"G. Sampson, Edward D. Perry, Mykel R. Tayler","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.302463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.302463","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the effects of utility-scale wind turbines on agricultural land values in Kansas using parcel-level transaction data from 2001 to 2017 in a hedonic price model. By matching transaction data and wind turbine data at the common land units scale, we are able to ascertain on-farm effects as well as near-farm effects. Across all our analyses, the preponderance of results suggests that wind turbines do not affect agricultural property values, both on-farm and nearby, in a statistically significant way. Thus, our results cannot confirm that wind turbines will increase land values when installed on a parcel.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":"45 1","pages":"410-427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68538319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating Structural Change in the Japanese Beef Import Market in the Wake of BSE: A Smooth Transition Approach","authors":"Xin Ning, Jason H. Grant, E. Peterson","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.307461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.307461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68540200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U.S. consumers see retail beef products with “no added hormones” (NAH) labels. However, similar labels appear on pork and chicken products, even though hormone use in their production is prohibited. This study assesses consumer perceptions of hormone use in different livestock species. Using choice experiment data, we then examine the impact of these perceptions on preferences for unlabeled meat products and willingness to pay for NAH-labeled meat products. Results suggest that consumer perceptions of hormone use in production are incorrect. Further, perceptions influence consumer preferences and willingness to pay for unlabeled products versus those with NAH labels.
{"title":"Impact of Hormone Use Perceptions on Consumer Meat Preferences","authors":"Ruoye Yang, K. Raper, J. Lusk","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.298437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.298437","url":null,"abstract":"U.S. consumers see retail beef products with “no added hormones” (NAH) labels. However, similar labels appear on pork and chicken products, even though hormone use in their production is prohibited. This study assesses consumer perceptions of hormone use in different livestock species. Using choice experiment data, we then examine the impact of these perceptions on preferences for unlabeled meat products and willingness to pay for NAH-labeled meat products. Results suggest that consumer perceptions of hormone use in production are incorrect. Further, perceptions influence consumer preferences and willingness to pay for unlabeled products versus those with NAH labels.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":"45 1","pages":"107-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68536911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Local food offerings differ within and across school districts with farm-to-school programs. Using two waves of nationwide data, we estimate the relationship between two supply chain indicators— local foodshed size and length of local food supply chain—and districts’ local food expenditures. We find that increasing foodshed radius by 50 miles and sourcing from intermediaries increases the average district’s local spending by 8% and 26%, respectively. Districts’ actions to increase student access to local foods by widening definitions of local or sourcing through intermediaries thus have the potential to reduce localized benefits to nearby farmers and community members.
{"title":"Tradeoffs in Farm to School Implementation: Larger Foodsheds Drive Greater Local Food Expenditures","authors":"Zoe T. Plakias, H. Klaiber, B. Roe","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.302452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.302452","url":null,"abstract":"Local food offerings differ within and across school districts with farm-to-school programs. Using two waves of nationwide data, we estimate the relationship between two supply chain indicators— local foodshed size and length of local food supply chain—and districts’ local food expenditures. We find that increasing foodshed radius by 50 miles and sourcing from intermediaries increases the average district’s local spending by 8% and 26%, respectively. Districts’ actions to increase student access to local foods by widening definitions of local or sourcing through intermediaries thus have the potential to reduce localized benefits to nearby farmers and community members.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":"45 1","pages":"232-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68537466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crop insurance and its related components, such as premium subsidies, have impacts on farm management decisions, production practices, and output. We use county-level USDA survey data combined with instrumental variables analysis to investigate asymmetric impacts of crop insurance on corn and soybean yield variance. Our results indicate an increase in yield downside risk as crop insurance participation rates increase. We also find an increase in drought susceptibility, likely due to expansion to lower-quality farmland and changes in input use. Increased yield variability could have effects on prices, farm income variability and farmer welfare.
{"title":"Crop Insurance Participation Rates and Asymmetric Effects on U.S. Corn and Soybean Yield Risk","authors":"Lawson Connor, A. Katchova","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.298431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.298431","url":null,"abstract":"Crop insurance and its related components, such as premium subsidies, have impacts on farm management decisions, production practices, and output. We use county-level USDA survey data combined with instrumental variables analysis to investigate asymmetric impacts of crop insurance on corn and soybean yield variance. Our results indicate an increase in yield downside risk as crop insurance participation rates increase. We also find an increase in drought susceptibility, likely due to expansion to lower-quality farmland and changes in input use. Increased yield variability could have effects on prices, farm income variability and farmer welfare.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68536480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the framework of cumulative prospect theory (CPT), we investigate consumers’ decision to participate in community-supported agriculture (CSA) under risk and uncertainty. We analyze discrete choice experiment data using a CPT framework that allows for flexible reference points and individual preference heterogeneity. Comparison between model specifications suggests that the CPT model with the control of all risk parameters generates better goodness of fit than the expected utility model. Market sensitivity analysis further indicates that, while CSA operators benefit from transferring production risk partially to consumers, the level of transferred risk has a great impact on market share.
{"title":"Investigating Consumer Participation Decision in Community-Supported Agriculture: An Application of Cumulative Prospect Theory","authors":"Shuoli Zhao, Chengyan Yue","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.298438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.298438","url":null,"abstract":"Using the framework of cumulative prospect theory (CPT), we investigate consumers’ decision to participate in community-supported agriculture (CSA) under risk and uncertainty. We analyze discrete choice experiment data using a CPT framework that allows for flexible reference points and individual preference heterogeneity. Comparison between model specifications suggests that the CPT model with the control of all risk parameters generates better goodness of fit than the expected utility model. Market sensitivity analysis further indicates that, while CSA operators benefit from transferring production risk partially to consumers, the level of transferred risk has a great impact on market share.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":"45 1","pages":"124-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68536996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Gezahegn, S. Passel, Tekeste Berhanu, M. D’haese, M. Maertens
This paper analyzes how structural and institutional heterogeneity among irrigation cooperatives shapes the impact of membership on farmers’ welfare in northern Ethiopia, using a novel heteroskedasticity-based identification strategy. More specifically, we estimate how cooperative characteristics influence members’ income and poverty level. We find that stricter water use regulations have income-enhancing and poverty-reducing effects for farmers. We also find that farmers benefit more from membership in larger, younger, and bottom-up cooperatives initiated through grassroots collective action. Our findings have implications for irrigation development in Ethiopia and call for a better deliberation of organizational heterogeneity in cooperative impact studies
{"title":"Structural and Institutional Heterogeneity among Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia: Does it Matter for Farmers’ Welfare?","authors":"T. Gezahegn, S. Passel, Tekeste Berhanu, M. D’haese, M. Maertens","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.304767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.304767","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes how structural and institutional heterogeneity among irrigation cooperatives shapes the impact of membership on farmers’ welfare in northern Ethiopia, using a novel heteroskedasticity-based identification strategy. More specifically, we estimate how cooperative characteristics influence members’ income and poverty level. We find that stricter water use regulations have income-enhancing and poverty-reducing effects for farmers. We also find that farmers benefit more from membership in larger, younger, and bottom-up cooperatives initiated through grassroots collective action. Our findings have implications for irrigation development in Ethiopia and call for a better deliberation of organizational heterogeneity in cooperative impact studies","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":"46 1","pages":"325-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68539419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Informing Generic Advertising Programs by Investigating Income and Relative Return Heterogeneities in Voluntary Contributions Mechanisms","authors":"Bachir Kassas, M. Palma, C. Hall","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.304771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.304771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":"46 1","pages":"171-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68539761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjani Kumar, A. Mishra, Vinay K. Sonkar, Sunil Saroj
We evaluate the impact of access to credit on rural households’ annual income using an endogenous switching regression approach, an increasingly popular method of tackling the selection bias issue in impact analyses. Using a large survey of rural households in eastern India, we find that access to credit is strongly associated with rural households’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Additionally, access to credit increases rural households’ economic well-being; nonborrower rural households would benefit the most from access to credit. Access to credit affects recipients heterogeneously, implying that credit policies should be adaptable to different rural household groups.
{"title":"Access to credit and economic well-being of rural households: Evidence from Eastern India","authors":"Anjani Kumar, A. Mishra, Vinay K. Sonkar, Sunil Saroj","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.298439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.298439","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluate the impact of access to credit on rural households’ annual income using an endogenous switching regression approach, an increasingly popular method of tackling the selection bias issue in impact analyses. Using a large survey of rural households in eastern India, we find that access to credit is strongly associated with rural households’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Additionally, access to credit increases rural households’ economic well-being; nonborrower rural households would benefit the most from access to credit. Access to credit affects recipients heterogeneously, implying that credit policies should be adaptable to different rural household groups.","PeriodicalId":54890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics","volume":"45 1","pages":"145-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68537100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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