Journal of Addictions Nursing最新文献

Background: Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) has been established as an effective screening tool for providing interventions for patients with risky substance use.

Objectives: The objectives of this project were to train and coach staff nurses in the use of SBIRT, offer SBIRT to all admissions of a brief psychiatric inpatient unit, and decrease readmission rates.

Design: Using the Iowa Model for Implementing Evidence-Based Practices, SBIRT was implemented on the unit. Data were collected on the frequency of patients offered SBIRT and readmission rates.

Results: Fifty-nine percent of all admissions were offered SBIRT. The average readmission rates decreased by 18.3% for the first 2 months of implementation and by 67.5% for Days 16-31 postdischarge.

Conclusions: SBIRT is an effective tool for nurses on psychiatric units to address substance use and to decrease readmission rates.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors of nicotine dependence among young adults in a rural community.

Study design: A quantitative, predictive-correlational cross-sectional study was done among 190 young adults in a rural community utilizing compact segmental sampling.

Methods: Data were collected from August to October 2018 utilizing a validated robotfoto, adapted determinants of smoking questionnaire, and Fagerström test to assess nicotine dependence. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used in predicting the relationship between the predictors and nicotine dependence.

Results: Reinforcing and enabling factors influenced nicotine dependency. The influence of other relatives (β = .179, p = .023) and radio advertisements (β = -.224, p = .008) as well as availability (access) to cigarettes (β = .228, p = .003) were significant predictors of nicotine dependency in the rural community.

Conclusion: Identified predictors can help form policies that can help address the availability of cigarettes and advertisements (radio) that can influence nicotine dependence among young adults in a rural community. Furthermore, the influence of other relatives (extended family) can be a factor that can increase the development of nicotine dependence.

Abstract: The current study targeted a sample of waterpipe (WP) exclusive smokers to identify the levels and predictors of dependence on this smoking pattern and to examine the relationship between WP smoking (WPS) dependence and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional research design was employed with a community sample of 270 subjects who are currently WP exclusive smokers. Assessment of WPS dependence and depressive symptoms was performed using self-report measures. About 62.6% of the subjects were WPS dependent. The unique significant predictors of WPS dependence were age, depression levels, age of starting WPS, duration of WPS, income, smoking WP daily, the belief of being attracted to WPS, and the desire to stop WPS. These predictors explained 35% of the variance in WPS dependence. WPS dependence was associated with increased depressive symptoms. Although few studies have been conducted, the WPS dependence prevalence appears to be alarmingly high among WP exclusive smokers. Factors associated with WPS dependence provide useful information that can be used to tailor WP prevention interventions.

Background: Healthcare providers, as well as healthcare students, have been found to harbor negative attitudes toward individuals with substance abuse disorders, impacting the care they give and subsequently creating poor patient outcomes.

Purpose: This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention, grounded in theory, toward changing nursing student attitudes regarding patients with a substance abuse disorder.

Methods: Nursing students participated in a teaching intervention, developed using the experiential learning theory, that utilizes modalities for each kind of learner aimed at reducing bias toward this population. The Medical Condition Regard Scale was used pre/post intervention to determine regard toward patients with the diagnosis of substance abuse.

Results: Student nurses maintained the least favorable attitudes toward individuals who abuse substances in comparison with patients with the diagnoses of pneumonia or gastroesophageal reflux disease; there were significant differences in attitudes toward patients who abused substances before and after participation in the educational intervention, with postparticipation attitudes being significantly more positive than attitudes before participation. Students found the educational intervention and debriefing highly satisfactory.

Implications: This educational intervention can provide a cost-effective, easy-to-replicate, time-efficient learning activity that could be added to undergraduate nursing curriculum.

Abstract: Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among Korean American men. Although the nationwide anti-smoking efforts and American individualism-oriented cultural system seem to help some Korean American men stop smoking, many of them still smoke. Thus, it is necessary to understand factors influencing decisions to continue smoking or stop smoking among older Korean American men. We recruited a convenience sample of 24 Korean American men (12 current smokers, 12 former smokers) who were aged 55-79 years to participate in this qualitative study. Five focus groups and nine individual interviews were conducted. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Participants were older (mean age = 69 years) and have lived in the United States an average of 26 years. Average duration of smoking was 41 years among current smokers and 31 years among former smokers. Key themes influencing continuous smoking include stress relief, fear of side effects, difficulty stopping, smoking peers, and misbeliefs about lung cancer and smoking, whereas key themes for decisions to stop smoking include present health issues, family/physician/media recommendation, and smoking-restricted environments. This study reinforces the importance of culturally and age-relevant smoking cessation programs targeting smokers and their families. Future quantitative studies in different geographic areas can validate the study findings.

Abstract: Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) seek care in primary care settings where nurses support the provision of medication-assisted treatment. Office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) that includes buprenorphine hydrochloride administration under the supervision of a nurse for stabilization and maintenance therapy has the potential to improve outcomes for patients with OUD in primary care settings. However, the first step is to determine if OBOT nurses provide nurse-sensitive care, which consists of activities that have been shown to make a difference in patient outcomes. Content analysis of 368 nursing notes from 100 patients enrolled in an OBOT program in an urban hospital-based primary care clinic was conducted. Data were analyzed descriptively according to quantity and qualitatively according to the content. Entries indicative of care coordination and transition management were extracted. Seven content categories within care coordination were identified, including harm reduction, medication management, symptom management, communication between providers, promoting adherence, self-management goal setting, and patient education. Four areas within transition management were identified including supporting connections to resources, referrals for care, medication reconciliation, and communication with other facilities. Care coordination was documented more frequently than transition management. The presence of nurse-sensitive indicators provides evidence for and distinguishes the role of the nurse in OUD care.

Abstract: The number of women experiencing opioid use disorder (OUD) in Canada has increased exponentially. In Canada, healthcare is socialized and free for all citizens and, often, medications like methadone are free as well, yet few individuals with OUD access treatment services. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experiences of Canadian women with OUD who were receiving methadone treatment. Interpretive phenomenology was used to investigate the treatment experiences of seven women with OUD. The conceptual framework of self-care of chronic illness was used to examine this phenomenon. Data were analyzed using a seven-step process of interpretive phenomenological analysis. Four major themes emerged: learning how to be you again, reaching out for help, finding your way to methadone, and going down the path of methadone. Women's experiences were influenced by family, friends, and healthcare providers. Accessibility and self-determination were important factors in entering and sustaining treatment. This study contributes to the discipline of nursing by providing accurate information regarding women's experiences with OUD and uncovering practice changes that can attract and retain women in treatment.

Introduction: Cigarette, one of the various forms of tobacco, is the most commonly used tobacco product in Turkey and in the world. Cigarette has several negative effects on general health and is a major problem in the pregnancy period. This study aims to identify pregnancy-related factors that affect the tendency to smoking cessation and their effect levels in pregnant women who continue to smoke during pregnancy.

Method: The sample of this descriptive and cross-sectional study was 430 pregnant women who smoked. Data were collected through an original interview form and face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was performed using chi-square, independent t test, and multiple logistic regression model in terms of demographic, obstetric, maternal, and fetal features.

Results: The average number of cigarettes smoked before pregnancy was 13.28 ± 8.62, whereas the average number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy was 6.60 ± 7.64. The tendency to decrease smoking increases 2.8 times ( OR = 2.825, 95% CI [1.631, 4.895]) with the number of pregnancies and approximately 2 times in case of a planned pregnancy ( OR = 1.946, 95% CI [1.076, 3.520]). The frequency of having prenatal visits showed a weak but significant relationship with the number of abortuses and the number of living children.

Conclusions: Developing a risk map in line with the findings of the study and considering the obstetric features of smoking women could enable to hypothesize about the types of behaviors in smoking in the following processes of pregnancy. With the precautions to be taken, the negative effects of smoking on maternal and fetal health could be prevented or minimized.

Background: Prior research shows a link between alcohol use and problematic Internet use among adolescents. This relationship likely indicates a vulnerability to addiction; however, little is known about factors that may increase this vulnerability. One potential factor is social motivation. Adolescents often engage in Internet use and alcohol use as a way of connecting socially. This study examines the moderating effects of social motivation for Internet use on the relationship between problematic Internet use and alcohol use among adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 582 adolescents selected randomly from one middle school and one high school in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Participants answered questions related to demographics/background (including reasons for Internet use), problematic Internet use, and alcohol use. Hierarchical regression modeling examined the moderating effects of social Internet use on problematic Internet use and alcohol use, controlling for age and gender.

Results: Social Internet use and problematic Internet use accounted for a significant amount of variance in alcohol use (R2 = .126, F(4, 575) = 20.77, p < .001). When the interaction term was entered, social Internet use was found to moderate the relationship between problematic Internet use and alcohol use (β = .525, t = 3.293, p = .001), and the direct effects of social Internet use (β = -.062, t = -0.663, p = .507) and problematic Internet use (β = -.129, t = -1.053, p = .293) were no longer significant.

Conclusion: This study highlights the role that social connections may play in contributing to problematic Internet use and alcohol use among adolescents. Interventions aimed at preventing problematic and addictive behaviors among adolescents should address the role of social motivations.