Sex hormones have been shown to influence cognitive and emotional processes, yet their effects on visual working memory (VWM) are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VWM, sex, and female hormonal status in participants aged 18–35 years. We recruited 32 males (M) and 133 females, categorized into four groups: naturally cycling females in the early follicular (NCF, n = 33) and mid-luteal (NCL, n = 35) phases of the menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive (OC, n = 37), and intrauterine device users (IUD, n = 28). Participants completed a bilateral change detection task while behavioral and EEG data were recorded. We evaluated VWM performance and associated brain electrophysiological responses, specifically Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA). Salivary levels of testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol were assessed. We found no systematic differences in VWM task performance or CDA between groups, nor any correlations with hormone levels. However, an exception to this was that NCF females performed worse than OC users when recalling four items. Age emerged as a significant covariate, with greater age being linked to poorer performance. An interaction between age and group in memory capacity highlighted differential patterns of age-related cognitive decline across sexes and female hormonal status groups.
These findings provide valuable insights into the broader relationship between sex, sex hormones, and cognition. They suggest that in studies employing a between-subject design, hormone-dependent differences in more complex processes, such as visuospatial performance, are unlikely to stem from the role of sex hormones in VWM and may instead arise from other factors.
{"title":"Exploring the role of sex, sex steroids, menstrual cycle, and hormonal contraception use in visual working memory: Insights from behavioral and EEG analyses","authors":"Rimantė Gaižauskaitė , Lina Gladutytė , Ingrida Zelionkaitė, Ramunė Grikšienė","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sex hormones have been shown to influence cognitive and emotional processes, yet their effects on visual working memory (VWM) are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VWM, sex, and female hormonal status in participants aged 18–35 years. We recruited 32 males (M) and 133 females, categorized into four groups: naturally cycling females in the early follicular (NCF, <em>n</em> = 33) and mid-luteal (NCL, <em>n</em> = 35) phases of the menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive (OC, <em>n</em> = 37), and intrauterine device users (IUD, <em>n</em> = 28). Participants completed a bilateral change detection task while behavioral and EEG data were recorded. We evaluated VWM performance and associated brain electrophysiological responses, specifically Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA). Salivary levels of testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol were assessed. We found no systematic differences in VWM task performance or CDA between groups, nor any correlations with hormone levels. However, an exception to this was that NCF females performed worse than OC users when recalling four items. Age emerged as a significant covariate, with greater age being linked to poorer performance. An interaction between age and group in memory capacity highlighted differential patterns of age-related cognitive decline across sexes and female hormonal status groups.</div><div>These findings provide valuable insights into the broader relationship between sex, sex hormones, and cognition. They suggest that in studies employing a between-subject design, hormone-dependent differences in more complex processes, such as visuospatial performance, are unlikely to stem from the role of sex hormones in VWM and may instead arise from other factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 112520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112519
Dominika M. Pindus , Kathryn M. Lloyd , Tomasz S. Ligeza , A. Askow , C. McKenna , Neha Bashir , Hannah Martin , Flor B. Quiroz , Bryan Montero Herrera , Corrinne Cannavale , Jin Kuang , Qian Yu , Maciej Kos , Candace S. Brown , Tayla von Ash , Liye Zou , Nicholas A. Burd , Naiman A. Khan , Arthur F. Kramer , Charles H. Hillman
Introduction
Prolonged sitting can acutely reduce working memory (WM) in individuals with overweight and obesity (OW/OB) who show executive function deficits. Interrupting prolonged sitting with brief PA bouts may counter these effects. However, the benefits of such interventions on behavioral and neuroelectric indices of WM and whether neurocognitive responses are associated with postprandial glycemic responses in young and middle-aged adults with OW/OB remain unknown. To address this gap, this study examined the acute effects of interrupting three-hour prolonged sitting every 30 min with 3.5-min moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) bouts (MPA + SIT condition) relative to sedentary social interaction condition (SOC + SIT) on behavioral measures of WM and the P3b component of event-related potentials (ERP) in young and middle-aged adults with OW/OB.
Method
Nineteen adults with OW/OB (63 % females; 29.9 ± 7.5 years; BMI = 30.0 ± 3.64 kg*m−2) were included in the SITLess pilot randomized crossover trial. Choice RT and WM were measured before, after, and four times during each condition with 1- and 2-back letter tasks. They were expressed as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC). Choice RT was expressed as d-prime, target, and nontarget accuracy, and RT on the 1-back and nontarget RT on the 2-back task. WM was expressed as d-prime, target accuracy, and RT on the 2-back task. The amplitude of the P3b-ERP component was used to measure attentional resource allocation during both tasks; the P3b-ERP fractional area latency measured cognitive processing before and after each condition. Two-hour postprandial glycemic responses (expressed as iAUC) were measured using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Time (pre, post) x Condition (MPA + SIT vs. SOC + SIT) interactions and the main effect of Condition (iAUCs) were tested using Linear Mixed Models.
Results
No significant intervention effects on glucose were noted (p = 0.74). Compared to SOC + SIT, MPA + SIT resulted in shorter 1-back target P3b latency (F(1, 17.0) = 5.14, p = 0.037; Mdiff = −9.77, SE = 4.31 ms, 95%CI: −18.9, −0.68) at post-test. No effects on behavioral measures were noted (ps ≥ 0.06). However, the between-condition difference in 1-back P3b latency correlated positively with the between-condition difference in RTs on 1-back;shorter P3b latency was related to shorter RTs in the MPA + SIT relative to SOC + SIT (r = 0.65 and 0.55 for target and nontarget trials, ps ≤ 0.02).
Conclusion
Interrupting sitting with short MPA bouts can enhance some aspects of cognitive processing in adults with OW/OB. Future studies are needed to better understand behavioral responses to interrupting prolonged sitting with MPA bouts and the underlying mechanisms.
{"title":"Interrupting sitting with moderate-intensity physical activity breaks improves cognitive processing speed in adults with overweight and obesity: Findings from the SITLess pilot randomized crossover trial","authors":"Dominika M. Pindus , Kathryn M. Lloyd , Tomasz S. Ligeza , A. Askow , C. McKenna , Neha Bashir , Hannah Martin , Flor B. Quiroz , Bryan Montero Herrera , Corrinne Cannavale , Jin Kuang , Qian Yu , Maciej Kos , Candace S. Brown , Tayla von Ash , Liye Zou , Nicholas A. Burd , Naiman A. Khan , Arthur F. Kramer , Charles H. Hillman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Prolonged sitting can acutely reduce working memory (WM) in individuals with overweight and obesity (OW/OB) who show executive function deficits. Interrupting prolonged sitting with brief PA bouts may counter these effects. However, the benefits of such interventions on behavioral and neuroelectric indices of WM and whether neurocognitive responses are associated with postprandial glycemic responses in young and middle-aged adults with OW/OB remain unknown. To address this gap, this study examined the acute effects of interrupting three-hour prolonged sitting every 30 min with 3.5-min moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) bouts (MPA + SIT condition) relative to sedentary social interaction condition (SOC + SIT) on behavioral measures of WM and the P3b component of event-related potentials (ERP) in young and middle-aged adults with OW/OB.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Nineteen adults with OW/OB (63 % females; 29.9 ± 7.5 years; BMI = 30.0 ± 3.64 kg*m<sup>−2</sup>) were included in the SITLess pilot randomized crossover trial. Choice RT and WM were measured before, after, and four times during each condition with 1- and 2-back letter tasks. They were expressed as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC). Choice RT was expressed as d-prime, target, and nontarget accuracy, and RT on the 1-back and nontarget RT on the 2-back task. WM was expressed as d-prime, target accuracy, and RT on the 2-back task. The amplitude of the P3b-ERP component was used to measure attentional resource allocation during both tasks; the P3b-ERP fractional area latency measured cognitive processing before and after each condition. Two-hour postprandial glycemic responses (expressed as iAUC) were measured using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Time (pre, post) x Condition (MPA + SIT vs. SOC + SIT) interactions and the main effect of Condition (iAUCs) were tested using Linear Mixed Models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant intervention effects on glucose were noted (<em>p</em> = 0.74). Compared to SOC + SIT, MPA + SIT resulted in shorter 1-back target P3b latency (<em>F</em>(1, 17.0) = 5.14, <em>p</em> = 0.037; <em>M</em><sub>diff</sub> = −9.77, <em>SE</em> = 4.31 ms, 95%CI: −18.9, −0.68) at post-test. No effects on behavioral measures were noted (<em>p</em>s ≥ 0.06). However, the between-condition difference in 1-back P3b latency correlated positively with the between-condition difference in RTs on 1-back;shorter P3b latency was related to shorter RTs in the MPA + SIT relative to SOC + SIT (<em>r</em> = 0.65 and 0.55 for target and nontarget trials, <em>ps</em> ≤ 0.02).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Interrupting sitting with short MPA bouts can enhance some aspects of cognitive processing in adults with OW/OB. Future studies are needed to better understand behavioral responses to interrupting prolonged sitting with MPA bouts and the underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 112519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112518
Gary L. Wagener, André Schulz, André Melzer
Stress relief is often cited as the main motive for playing video games. However, the effectiveness of video games in coping with stress, especially when comparing violent and non-violent genres, remains uncertain. In the present lab experiment with N = 82 participants, we assessed acute stress reduction after playing a violent vs. non-violent video game that followed stress induction using the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test. We hypothesized that playing video games causes physiological (i.e., an increase in heart rate variability and a decrease in cortisol) and self-reported effects of stress relief, and a reduction in aggression levels, leading to restoration. Aggressive behavior was measured as self-reports and seconds in the Cold Pressor Test allocated to the next participant. In line with previous studies, participants playing a violent passage of a game reported feeling more stressed and aggressive, while those playing a non-violent passage of the same game felt less stressed and more relaxed. In contrast, however, we found an increase in heart rate variability as well as a decrease in heart rate and cortisol regardless of playing group, which indicates relaxation. This dissociation between self-reported and physiological stress results indicates that the own state of arousal is incorrectly assessed. This may be due to a different cognitive assessment of the characteristics of the respective game groups, as the violent game sequence was judged to be more difficult and challenging. However, the observed physiological relaxation effect might also suggest the potential of video game engagement for stress interventions.
{"title":"A Plague(d) Tale: Are violent video games effective in reducing stress levels?","authors":"Gary L. Wagener, André Schulz, André Melzer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress relief is often cited as the main motive for playing video games. However, the effectiveness of video games in coping with stress, especially when comparing violent and non-violent genres, remains uncertain. In the present lab experiment with <em>N</em> = 82 participants, we assessed acute stress reduction after playing a violent vs. non-violent video game that followed stress induction using the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test. We hypothesized that playing video games causes physiological (i.e., an increase in heart rate variability and a decrease in cortisol) and self-reported effects of stress relief, and a reduction in aggression levels, leading to restoration. Aggressive behavior was measured as self-reports and seconds in the Cold Pressor Test allocated to the next participant. In line with previous studies, participants playing a violent passage of a game reported feeling more stressed and aggressive, while those playing a non-violent passage of the same game felt less stressed and more relaxed. In contrast, however, we found an increase in heart rate variability as well as a decrease in heart rate and cortisol regardless of playing group, which indicates relaxation. This dissociation between self-reported and physiological stress results indicates that the own state of arousal is incorrectly assessed. This may be due to a different cognitive assessment of the characteristics of the respective game groups, as the violent game sequence was judged to be more difficult and challenging. However, the observed physiological relaxation effect might also suggest the potential of video game engagement for stress interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 112518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112516
Mengsi Xu , Yanxi Xu , Shiyan Wu , Zhiai Li
Investigating the neurophysiological indicators of behavioral inhibition is crucial; however, despite numerous studies on the relationship between behavioral inhibition and resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG), the findings have yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, these investigations primarily focused on reactive inhibition while neglecting intentional inhibition. Therefore, this study aimed to reassess the correlation between reactive inhibition and rs-EEG metrics while also exploring the association between intentional inhibition and rs-EEG. Power spectrum analysis and microstate analysis were employed to extract rs-EEG, whereas the Free Two-Choice Oddball task was utilized for assessing both reactive and intentional inhibition among 95 participants. The results revealed no significant correlations between reactive inhibition and rs-EEG metrics. However, intentional inhibition exhibited a negative correlation with relative power in delta and beta bands but a positive correlation with relative power in alpha band. Moreover, intentional inhibition demonstrated a negative correlation with occurrence rate and contribution of microstate A but a positive correlation with duration of microstate D. Additionally, it displayed a negative relationship with the transition probability between microstate A and C but a positive relationship with the transition probability between microstate C and D. The regression analysis revealed that the occurrence rate of microstate A can negatively predict intentional inhibition. Overall, this study advances theoretical understanding as well as empirical research in this field by addressing gaps in rs-EEG evidence for intentional inhibition while providing potential neuropsychological indicators for its assessment.
{"title":"The relationship between behavioral inhibition and resting electroencephalography: A neuroelectrophysiological study","authors":"Mengsi Xu , Yanxi Xu , Shiyan Wu , Zhiai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the neurophysiological indicators of behavioral inhibition is crucial; however, despite numerous studies on the relationship between behavioral inhibition and resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG), the findings have yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, these investigations primarily focused on reactive inhibition while neglecting intentional inhibition. Therefore, this study aimed to reassess the correlation between reactive inhibition and rs-EEG metrics while also exploring the association between intentional inhibition and rs-EEG. Power spectrum analysis and microstate analysis were employed to extract rs-EEG, whereas the Free Two-Choice Oddball task was utilized for assessing both reactive and intentional inhibition among 95 participants. The results revealed no significant correlations between reactive inhibition and rs-EEG metrics. However, intentional inhibition exhibited a negative correlation with relative power in delta and beta bands but a positive correlation with relative power in alpha band. Moreover, intentional inhibition demonstrated a negative correlation with occurrence rate and contribution of microstate A but a positive correlation with duration of microstate D. Additionally, it displayed a negative relationship with the transition probability between microstate A and C but a positive relationship with the transition probability between microstate C and D. The regression analysis revealed that the occurrence rate of microstate A can negatively predict intentional inhibition. Overall, this study advances theoretical understanding as well as empirical research in this field by addressing gaps in rs-EEG evidence for intentional inhibition while providing potential neuropsychological indicators for its assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 112516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112517
Adam O'Riordan , Aisling M. Costello
The primary aims of the current study are (1) to examine the association between trait social anxiety and cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress, and (2) to identify if loneliness significantly mediates the association between trait social anxiety and cardiovascular reactivity. A sample of 658 participants completed a cardiovascular reactivity protocol consisting of a resting baseline and stressor phase (mental arithmetic and Stroop), with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) monitored throughout. Participants also completed self-reported measures assessing social anxiety and loneliness. Social anxiety was associated with increased self-reported stress. However, no significant associations between social anxiety and measures of cardiovascular reactivity were observed in regression analyses. Loneliness was significantly associated with lower SBP and DBP reactivity. Additionally, loneliness significantly mediated the association between trait social anxiety and both SBP reactivity and DBP reactivity. Here, trait social anxiety predicted greater levels of loneliness, which in turn was associated with diminished cardiovascular reactivity. No significant associations emerged for HR reactivity. These blunted blood pressure responses to acute stress may indicate a potential mechanism leading to adverse prospective health outcomes.
{"title":"Loneliness mediates the association between trait social anxiety and cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress","authors":"Adam O'Riordan , Aisling M. Costello","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary aims of the current study are (1) to examine the association between trait social anxiety and cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress, and (2) to identify if loneliness significantly mediates the association between trait social anxiety and cardiovascular reactivity. A sample of 658 participants completed a cardiovascular reactivity protocol consisting of a resting baseline and stressor phase (mental arithmetic and Stroop), with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) monitored throughout. Participants also completed self-reported measures assessing social anxiety and loneliness. Social anxiety was associated with increased self-reported stress. However, no significant associations between social anxiety and measures of cardiovascular reactivity were observed in regression analyses. Loneliness was significantly associated with lower SBP and DBP reactivity. Additionally, loneliness significantly mediated the association between trait social anxiety and both SBP reactivity and DBP reactivity. Here, trait social anxiety predicted greater levels of loneliness, which in turn was associated with diminished cardiovascular reactivity. No significant associations emerged for HR reactivity. These blunted blood pressure responses to acute stress may indicate a potential mechanism leading to adverse prospective health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 112517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112507
Jerzy Wojciechowski , Joseph M. Olson , Gayathri Subramanian , Zofia Kosowska , Kasjan Pietras
Lukács et al. (2017) enhanced the Reaction Time Concealed Information Test (RT CIT) by incorporating “filler” items. Fillers are intended to increase attention and cognitive load, which should potentially enhance the P300 based CIT (P300-CIT) too. Despite these hypotheses, Olson et al. (2020) found no clear effects of fillers on P300 amplitude and suggested that excessive cognitive load may counteract an increase in attention. Wojciechowski and Lukács (2022) introduced “importance-related” fillers to the RT-CIT in an imaginary mock crime scenario, theorizing they would be more intuitive and easier for participants to follow. This study aims to replicate their findings in a classic episodic mock crime scenario, and with semantic information, to test if a fillers-related enhancement effect on P300 may be observed when cognitive load is reduced. The study compares three protocols: the importance-themed enhanced CIT (E-CIT), a less cognitively demanding version of the E-CIT, the inducer CIT (I-CIT), and the classic three-stimulus protocol (3SP-CIT). The study investigates whether the I-CIT yields a superior P300-CIT effect due to reduced cognitive load and induced semantic context of importance. Reaction time analyses replicated the RT-CIT effect enhancement in the E-CIT compared to the classic 3SP-CIT. Elevated response times in the E-CIT compared to the 3SP-CIT and I-CIT suggest higher cognitive load in the E-CIT. Response times were comparable between the 3SP-CIT and I-CIT, suggesting similar cognitive load. For the P300-CIT results, similar to Olson et al. (2020), fillers did not affect P300 amplitude or latency in the E-CIT group, with Bayes factors supporting the null. Contrary to expectations, no clear enhancement of P300 was observed in the I-CIT, suggesting that cognitive load imposed by fillers does not counteract P300 amplitude.
{"title":"The impact of reducing cognitive load in RT and P300 concealed information tests with importance related fillers","authors":"Jerzy Wojciechowski , Joseph M. Olson , Gayathri Subramanian , Zofia Kosowska , Kasjan Pietras","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Lukács et al. (2017)</span></span> enhanced the Reaction Time Concealed Information Test (RT CIT) by incorporating “filler” items. Fillers are intended to increase attention and cognitive load, which should potentially enhance the P300 based CIT (P300-CIT) too. Despite these hypotheses, <span><span>Olson et al. (2020)</span></span> found no clear effects of fillers on P300 amplitude and suggested that excessive cognitive load may counteract an increase in attention. <span><span>Wojciechowski and Lukács (2022)</span></span> introduced “importance-related” fillers to the RT-CIT in an imaginary mock crime scenario, theorizing they would be more intuitive and easier for participants to follow. This study aims to replicate their findings in a classic episodic mock crime scenario, and with semantic information, to test if a fillers-related enhancement effect on P300 may be observed when cognitive load is reduced. The study compares three protocols: the importance-themed enhanced CIT (<em>E</em>-CIT), a less cognitively demanding version of the E-CIT, the inducer CIT (I-CIT), and the classic three-stimulus protocol (3SP-CIT). The study investigates whether the I-CIT yields a superior P300-CIT effect due to reduced cognitive load and induced semantic context of importance. Reaction time analyses replicated the RT-CIT effect enhancement in the <em>E</em>-CIT compared to the classic 3SP-CIT. Elevated response times in the E-CIT compared to the 3SP-CIT and I-CIT suggest higher cognitive load in the E-CIT. Response times were comparable between the 3SP-CIT and I-CIT, suggesting similar cognitive load. For the P300-CIT results, similar to <span><span>Olson et al. (2020)</span></span>, fillers did not affect P300 amplitude or latency in the <em>E</em>-CIT group, with Bayes factors supporting the null. Contrary to expectations, no clear enhancement of P300 was observed in the I-CIT, suggesting that cognitive load imposed by fillers does not counteract P300 amplitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 112507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112488
Caroline Surrey , Simon Frisch , Marike Christiane Maack , Stefan Scherbaum , Maja Dshemuchadse , Ulrike Senftleben
When humans shift between tasks, they initially show slower responses in the new task than in the previous one. Persisting attentional settings are increasingly recognized as a source for these shifting costs. However, the extent to which specific mechanisms underlying information selection and interference control contribute to this phenomenon remains less clear. Here, we use time-frequency analyses of human electroencephalogram (EEG) data to explore the aftereffects of two such mechanisms: target amplification and distracter inhibition. Participants completed a set-shifting task in which interference during switch trials could either result from the persisting amplification of previous target colors or the persisting inhibition of previous distracter colors. In a first set of analyses, we focused on frontal midline theta (FMT) as a time-continuous marker of overall interference. Compared to a control condition, we found transient peaks of FMT in both experimental conditions that matched the effects of persisting target amplification and distracter inhibition predicted by a computational model of the task. In a second set of analyses we used steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) as a direct measure of the attentional resources allocated to target and distracter colors. However, SSVEP amplitudes did not differ reliably between stimulation frequencies during switch trials, preventing us from drawing further conclusions on the origins of the interference processes reflected in FMT dynamics. Implications for theories of selective attention and potential limitations of frequency tagging in the context of mental set-shifting research are discussed.
{"title":"Frontal midline theta reveals temporal dynamics of target amplification and distracter inhibition during mental set-shifting","authors":"Caroline Surrey , Simon Frisch , Marike Christiane Maack , Stefan Scherbaum , Maja Dshemuchadse , Ulrike Senftleben","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When humans shift between tasks, they initially show slower responses in the new task than in the previous one. Persisting attentional settings are increasingly recognized as a source for these shifting costs. However, the extent to which specific mechanisms underlying information selection and interference control contribute to this phenomenon remains less clear. Here, we use time-frequency analyses of human electroencephalogram (EEG) data to explore the aftereffects of two such mechanisms: target amplification and distracter inhibition. Participants completed a set-shifting task in which interference during switch trials could either result from the persisting amplification of previous target colors or the persisting inhibition of previous distracter colors. In a first set of analyses, we focused on frontal midline theta (FMT) as a time-continuous marker of overall interference. Compared to a control condition, we found transient peaks of FMT in both experimental conditions that matched the effects of persisting target amplification and distracter inhibition predicted by a computational model of the task. In a second set of analyses we used steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) as a direct measure of the attentional resources allocated to target and distracter colors. However, SSVEP amplitudes did not differ reliably between stimulation frequencies during switch trials, preventing us from drawing further conclusions on the origins of the interference processes reflected in FMT dynamics. Implications for theories of selective attention and potential limitations of frequency tagging in the context of mental set-shifting research are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 112488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8760(24)00202-2
{"title":"International Organization of Psychophysiology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0167-8760(24)00202-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-8760(24)00202-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 112498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112479
Yufeng Nie , Ting Pan , Jinbo He , Yongxin Li
Recent research indicates that individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) exhibit impaired social reward processing, evidenced by reduced neural sensitivity to real-life social reward. The aim of the present study is to further investigate the impaired processing of social reward anticipation and reward consumption in individuals with IGD, and explore the relationship between these two components. Using a social incentive delay task with game-related and real-life versions, combined with event-related potential (ERP) technology, we examined 25 individuals with IGD and 25 matched healthy game players. The results showed that, at the behavioral level, individuals with IGD showed significantly slower reaction times to real-life target stimuli compared with game-related target stimuli, which is not observed in healthy controls. At the neural level, the Cue-P3 elicited by real-life incentive cues in individuals with IGD was significantly smaller than that elicited by game-related incentive cues. However, these effects were no longer significant after adding depression and anxiety scores as covariates. There was no significant difference in reward positivity (RewP) elicited between the two types of reward consumption. Furthermore, individuals with IGD showed a positive correlation between Cue-P3 elicited by game-related social incentive cue and RewP elicited by game-related social reward. However, this effect was not observed in the healthy controls. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the blunted allocation of motivated neural attention resources to real-life social incentive cues in individuals with IGD may be the key mechanism underlying their impaired social reward processing. This impairment may be influenced by the higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms commonly observed in individuals with IGD.
{"title":"Blunted neural response to real-life social reward anticipation in internet gaming disorder: An event-related potential study","authors":"Yufeng Nie , Ting Pan , Jinbo He , Yongxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent research indicates that individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) exhibit impaired social reward processing, evidenced by reduced neural sensitivity to real-life social reward. The aim of the present study is to further investigate the impaired processing of social reward anticipation and reward consumption in individuals with IGD, and explore the relationship between these two components. Using a social incentive delay task with game-related and real-life versions, combined with event-related potential (ERP) technology, we examined 25 individuals with IGD and 25 matched healthy game players. The results showed that, at the behavioral level, individuals with IGD showed significantly slower reaction times to real-life target stimuli compared with game-related target stimuli, which is not observed in healthy controls. At the neural level, the Cue-P3 elicited by real-life incentive cues in individuals with IGD was significantly smaller than that elicited by game-related incentive cues. However, these effects were no longer significant after adding depression and anxiety scores as covariates. There was no significant difference in reward positivity (RewP) elicited between the two types of reward consumption. Furthermore, individuals with IGD showed a positive correlation between Cue-P3 elicited by game-related social incentive cue and RewP elicited by game-related social reward. However, this effect was not observed in the healthy controls. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the blunted allocation of motivated neural attention resources to real-life social incentive cues in individuals with IGD may be the key mechanism underlying their impaired social reward processing. This impairment may be influenced by the higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms commonly observed in individuals with IGD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 112479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112489
Alba Garrido , Stefan Duschek , Jaime Vila , José Luis Mata
The cardiac defense response to aversive auditory stimulation is characterized by two acceleration/deceleration heart rate components. The first component is ascribed to attentional processes that facilitate detection and processing of potential threat, and the second one to protective actions. This study investigated attentional modulation of the cardiac defense response and the role of autonomic cardiac control therein. In 60 healthy subjects, the cardiac defense response was elicited, while electrocardiography, impedance cardiography and continuous blood pressure recordings were accomplished. Pre-ejection period represented sympathetic, heart rate variability parasympathetic, and systolic blood pressure sympathetic and parasympathetic, control. Half of the subjects performed a visual search task following the noise stimulus; the other half was exposed to the stimulus without any subsequent task. Task execution was associated with potentiation of the second heart rate acceleration/deceleration component of the defense response. Moreover, there was a greater systolic blood pressure decline during the second component. While pre-ejection period was unaffected by the task, the heart rate variability response was smaller overall in subjects performing the task. The findings suggest mediation of the first acceleration/deceleration component of the cardiac defense response by parasympathetic cardiac control; sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanisms contribute to the second component. While sympathetic control was unaffected by attentional demands, the potentiation of the cardiac defense response due to demands on external attention may relate to increased parasympathetic withdrawal.
{"title":"Autonomic contributions to attentional modulation of the cardiac defense response","authors":"Alba Garrido , Stefan Duschek , Jaime Vila , José Luis Mata","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cardiac defense response to aversive auditory stimulation is characterized by two acceleration/deceleration heart rate components. The first component is ascribed to attentional processes that facilitate detection and processing of potential threat, and the second one to protective actions. This study investigated attentional modulation of the cardiac defense response and the role of autonomic cardiac control therein. In 60 healthy subjects, the cardiac defense response was elicited, while electrocardiography, impedance cardiography and continuous blood pressure recordings were accomplished. Pre-ejection period represented sympathetic, heart rate variability parasympathetic, and systolic blood pressure sympathetic and parasympathetic, control. Half of the subjects performed a visual search task following the noise stimulus; the other half was exposed to the stimulus without any subsequent task. Task execution was associated with potentiation of the second heart rate acceleration/deceleration component of the defense response. Moreover, there was a greater systolic blood pressure decline during the second component. While pre-ejection period was unaffected by the task, the heart rate variability response was smaller overall in subjects performing the task. The findings suggest mediation of the first acceleration/deceleration component of the cardiac defense response by parasympathetic cardiac control; sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanisms contribute to the second component. While sympathetic control was unaffected by attentional demands, the potentiation of the cardiac defense response due to demands on external attention may relate to increased parasympathetic withdrawal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 112489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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