Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113305
Valentina Giuffrida , Isabel Beatrice Marc , Stefano Ferraina , Emiliano Brunamonti , Pierpaolo Pani
Cognitive control, specifically inhibition, is essential for behavior adaptation to environmental changes. While reward expectation influences cognitive strategies, it is still underexplored how reward may influence inhibitory control and how and whether this may be reflected in autonomic physiological responses. In this study, we explore whether trial-by-trial reward cues modulate both behavioral performance and pupil size, an autonomic correlate of cognitive effort. Twenty-five participants performed a rewarded Stop-Signal Task under three reward conditions: Go Plus (greater reward for correctly performed movements Go trials), Stop Plus (greater reward for correctly inhibited movements Stop trials), and Neutral (equal reward for both trial types). Although inhibitory ability remained unchanged across reward conditions, Go trials' accuracy was higher in Go Plus and Neutral conditions. Reaction times were longer in Go trials in the Stop Plus condition, where inhibition was most rewarded. When task strategies required balancing focus to achieve high rewards in both trial types, pupil size increased, suggesting increased cognitive effort. These findings support the hypothesis that reward expectancy shapes cognitive control and its autonomic correlates.
{"title":"Behavioral strategies and pupillary response in a rewarded stop-signal task","authors":"Valentina Giuffrida , Isabel Beatrice Marc , Stefano Ferraina , Emiliano Brunamonti , Pierpaolo Pani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive control, specifically inhibition, is essential for behavior adaptation to environmental changes. While reward expectation influences cognitive strategies, it is still underexplored how reward may influence inhibitory control and how and whether this may be reflected in autonomic physiological responses. In this study, we explore whether trial-by-trial reward cues modulate both behavioral performance and pupil size, an autonomic correlate of cognitive effort. Twenty-five participants performed a rewarded Stop-Signal Task under three reward conditions: Go Plus (greater reward for correctly performed movements Go trials), Stop Plus (greater reward for correctly inhibited movements Stop trials), and Neutral (equal reward for both trial types). Although inhibitory ability remained unchanged across reward conditions, Go trials' accuracy was higher in Go Plus and Neutral conditions. Reaction times were longer in Go trials in the Stop Plus condition, where inhibition was most rewarded. When task strategies required balancing focus to achieve high rewards in both trial types, pupil size increased, suggesting increased cognitive effort. These findings support the hypothesis that reward expectancy shapes cognitive control and its autonomic correlates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 113305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113309
Annie T. Ginty , Gavin P. Trotman , Anna G. Hogue , Katherine M. Knauft , Jet J.C.S. Veldhuijzen van Zanten , Sarah E. Williams
Psychological stress is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Previous research has suggested that acute exercise may reduce cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress. However, studies examining the effects of acute exercise on stressor-evoked cardiovascular and psychological responses to stress are somewhat limited. The aim of the present study was to examine whether a 10-min bout of aerobic exercise at 70 % VO2max attenuated stressor-evoked physiological and psychological responses. Forty participants (20 female, 20 male; age: Mean = 19.95; SD = 1.93 years) completed a randomized, counterbalanced crossover protocol involving two stress sessions: (1) stress only and (2) stress after exercise. Cardiovascular (SBP, DBP, HR) and metabolic (VO2) responses were assessed at rest and during a validated acute psychological stress task and psychological responses (cognitive and somatic anxiety intensity and interpretation; stress intensity) were assessed immediately after the stress task. There were significant session × time effects for blood pressure and heart rate. Stressor-evoked blood pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in the stress after exercise session compared to the stress only session. No session effects were observed for VO2. Participants reported experiencing significantly lower somatic anxiety and higher stress intensity in the stress after exercise session compared to the stress only session. Brief aerobic exercise may be beneficial in reducing stressor-evoked cardiovascular and somatic anxiety responses.
{"title":"The effects of acute aerobic exercise on stressor-evoked physiological and psychological responses","authors":"Annie T. Ginty , Gavin P. Trotman , Anna G. Hogue , Katherine M. Knauft , Jet J.C.S. Veldhuijzen van Zanten , Sarah E. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychological stress is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Previous research has suggested that acute exercise may reduce cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress. However, studies examining the effects of acute exercise on stressor-evoked cardiovascular and psychological responses to stress are somewhat limited. The aim of the present study was to examine whether a 10-min bout of aerobic exercise at 70 % VO<sub>2max</sub> attenuated stressor-evoked physiological and psychological responses. Forty participants (20 female, 20 male; age: Mean = 19.95; SD = 1.93 years) completed a randomized, counterbalanced crossover protocol involving two stress sessions: (1) stress only and (2) stress after exercise. Cardiovascular (SBP, DBP, HR) and metabolic (VO<sub>2</sub>) responses were assessed at rest and during a validated acute psychological stress task and psychological responses (cognitive and somatic anxiety intensity and interpretation; stress intensity) were assessed immediately after the stress task. There were significant session × time effects for blood pressure and heart rate. Stressor-evoked blood pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in the stress after exercise session compared to the stress only session. No session effects were observed for VO<sub>2</sub>. Participants reported experiencing significantly lower somatic anxiety and higher stress intensity in the stress after exercise session compared to the stress only session. Brief aerobic exercise may be beneficial in reducing stressor-evoked cardiovascular and somatic anxiety responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 113309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8760(26)00006-1
{"title":"International Organization of Psychophysiology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0167-8760(26)00006-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-8760(26)00006-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 113324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhythmic visual flicker entrains cortical oscillations and can modulate selective attention, yet its practical use is often hampered by discomfort. We compared alpha-band (10 Hz) with a high-frequency control (30 Hz) flickers under three contrast conditions: full-contrast, near-threshold low-contrast, and a textured low-contrast “ricker”. Twenty adults performed a modified Eriksen flanker task while recording occipital steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs). Across all intensities, 10 Hz flickers yielded SSVEPs approximately three times larger than 30 Hz, confirming its efficacy in alpha entrainment. At the behavioral level, alpha stimulation selectively reduced flanker interference – without evidence of a uniform suppression of flanker processing – compared to 30 Hz stimulation. Importantly, stimulus design had a marked impact on user comfort: the ricker flicker elicited reliable alpha-band entrainment while being rated as the most comfortable. These results demonstrate that visual entrainment in the alpha-band can enhance attentional control and that textured low-contrast flicker provides a promising pathway for comfortable and effective neuromodulation.
{"title":"Neuromodulation with transparent textured flicker preserves Alpha-band entrainment and improves visual comfort: A flanker paradigm","authors":"Clément Blanc, Frédéric Dehais, Sébastien Scannella","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rhythmic visual flicker entrains cortical oscillations and can modulate selective attention, yet its practical use is often hampered by discomfort. We compared alpha-band (10 Hz) with a high-frequency control (30 Hz) flickers under three contrast conditions: full-contrast, near-threshold low-contrast, and a textured low-contrast “ricker”. Twenty adults performed a modified Eriksen flanker task while recording occipital steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs). Across all intensities, 10 Hz flickers yielded SSVEPs approximately three times larger than 30 Hz, confirming its efficacy in alpha entrainment. At the behavioral level, alpha stimulation selectively reduced flanker interference – without evidence of a uniform suppression of flanker processing – compared to 30 Hz stimulation. Importantly, stimulus design had a marked impact on user comfort: the ricker flicker elicited reliable alpha-band entrainment while being rated as the most comfortable. These results demonstrate that visual entrainment in the alpha-band can enhance attentional control and that textured low-contrast flicker provides a promising pathway for comfortable and effective neuromodulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 113307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113303
Alice Mado Proverbio , Pasquale Scognamiglio , Matteo Valtolina , Alberto Zani
Neural entrainment—the alignment of endogenous oscillations to the temporal structure of external stimuli—facilitates temporal prediction and enhances sensory processing. We investigated how audiovisual rhythmic stimuli at distinct frequencies modulate EEG dynamics and event-related potentials (ERPs) in 29 healthy adults. Participants observed 110 video-recorded finger-tapping sequences, categorized as low-frequency (~3.49 Hz) or high-frequency (~6.65 Hz), while 128-channel EEG was recorded. ERPs revealed larger late positive potentials for the latter than the former, with centroparietal maxima, and a right-hemisphere dominance for low-frequency rhythms. EEG spectral analyses performed within the 0.5–30 Hz range showed decreased delta power and increased alpha power during fast versus slow stimulation. Morlet wavelet analysis confirmed frequency-specific entrainment, with alpha-band increases over premotor and sensorimotor areas during high-frequency tapping. Neural entrainment analyses revealed a higher Weighted Entrainment Power Index (WEPI) for low- (3.95) compared to high-frequency stimuli (2.80), indicating stronger alignment of EEG power with slower rhythmic inputs. Consistently, the Entrainment Intensity Index (EII = 0.53 μV2/Hz) quantified a robust frequency-dependent modulation of spectral power across delta, theta, and alpha bands. Collectively, these results demonstrate selective neural entrainment to movement-sound coupling, reflected in both ERP amplitudes and EEG oscillatory power, and highlight the role of sensorimotor networks in processing temporal structure of actions.
{"title":"Embodied neural synchrony to rhythmic structure: An ERP and frequency-domain investigation of beat entrainment","authors":"Alice Mado Proverbio , Pasquale Scognamiglio , Matteo Valtolina , Alberto Zani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neural entrainment—the alignment of endogenous oscillations to the temporal structure of external stimuli—facilitates temporal prediction and enhances sensory processing. We investigated how audiovisual rhythmic stimuli at distinct frequencies modulate EEG dynamics and event-related potentials (ERPs) in 29 healthy adults. Participants observed 110 video-recorded finger-tapping sequences, categorized as low-frequency (~3.49 Hz) or high-frequency (~6.65 Hz), while 128-channel EEG was recorded. ERPs revealed larger late positive potentials for the latter than the former, with centroparietal maxima, and a right-hemisphere dominance for low-frequency rhythms. EEG spectral analyses performed within the 0.5–30 Hz range showed decreased delta power and increased alpha power during fast versus slow stimulation. Morlet wavelet analysis confirmed frequency-specific entrainment, with alpha-band increases over premotor and sensorimotor areas during high-frequency tapping. Neural entrainment analyses revealed a higher Weighted Entrainment Power Index (WEPI) for low- (3.95) compared to high-frequency stimuli (2.80), indicating stronger alignment of EEG power with slower rhythmic inputs. Consistently, the Entrainment Intensity Index (EII = 0.53 μV<sup>2</sup>/Hz) quantified a robust frequency-dependent modulation of spectral power across delta, theta, and alpha bands. Collectively, these results demonstrate selective neural entrainment to movement-sound coupling, reflected in both ERP amplitudes and EEG oscillatory power, and highlight the role of sensorimotor networks in processing temporal structure of actions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 113303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113308
Ailyn Garcia-Hernandez , Pablo de la Coba , Ana M. Contreras-Merino , Carmen M. Galvez-Sánchez , Casandra I. Montoro , Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso
This study aimed to investigate the validity of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) via analysis of its predictive (associations with physiological variables and algometry measures) and discriminative (differentiating between patients with different chronic pain conditions) validity. In 43 women with FM and 36 healthy women, hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), cardiovascular variables when sitting, standing and lying down, pressure algometry and clinical variables were measured. For discriminative validity, another additional 39 women with FM and 33 women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) also participated. In patients with FM, CSI scores correlated positively with HCC, total peripheral resistance and blood pressure (vascular factors), and inversely with inter-beat interval, stroke volume and cardiac output (cardiac factors), heart rate variability and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (vagal cardiac variables), and pain threshold. Furthermore, CSI scores to predict the use of anxiolytics and opioid medication. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that CSI scores significantly discriminated among the three study groups, with progressively higher scores in FM, RA and healthy participants. This study provides support for the predictive and discriminative validity of CSI in patients with FM. Predictive validity in terms of physiological factors, such as cortisol and cardiovascular variables, could add utility to the CSI as a screener and treatment outcome measure. Furthermore, the CSI has good sensitivity and specificity in the discrimination of patients suffering from different conditions of chronic pain.
{"title":"Central sensitization symptoms are related to cortisol and cardiovascular activity in fibromyalgia: Further validation of the Central Sensitization Inventory","authors":"Ailyn Garcia-Hernandez , Pablo de la Coba , Ana M. Contreras-Merino , Carmen M. Galvez-Sánchez , Casandra I. Montoro , Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the validity of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) via analysis of its predictive (associations with physiological variables and algometry measures) and discriminative (differentiating between patients with different chronic pain conditions) validity. In 43 women with FM and 36 healthy women, hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), cardiovascular variables when sitting, standing and lying down, pressure algometry and clinical variables were measured. For discriminative validity, another additional 39 women with FM and 33 women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) also participated. In patients with FM, CSI scores correlated positively with HCC, total peripheral resistance and blood pressure (vascular factors), and inversely with inter-beat interval, stroke volume and cardiac output (cardiac factors), heart rate variability and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (vagal cardiac variables), and pain threshold. Furthermore, CSI scores to predict the use of anxiolytics and opioid medication. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that CSI scores significantly discriminated among the three study groups, with progressively higher scores in FM, RA and healthy participants. This study provides support for the predictive and discriminative validity of CSI in patients with FM. Predictive validity in terms of physiological factors, such as cortisol and cardiovascular variables, could add utility to the CSI as a screener and treatment outcome measure. Furthermore, the CSI has good sensitivity and specificity in the discrimination of patients suffering from different conditions of chronic pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 113308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113304
Anastasia Neklyudova , Anna Rebreikina , Olga Sysoeva
The current study investigated rhythmic stimuli perception in typically developing children (5–18 years old, n = 48, 22 girls). In the behavioral part of the study, where children discriminated between two click trains varied around frequencies of 16, 27, 40 and 83 Hz, we identified the shift toward better performance for the frequencies higher than 40 Hz. To dig into neurophysiological mechanisms of this process we recorded 28-channels EEG while similar auditory clicks were presented in trains of 500 ms with interstimulus intervals of 800–1000 ms. We focused on brain correlates of temporal and pitch-related processing — the intertrial-phase coherence at the frequency of stimulation (ITPC) and sustained wave (SW). ITPC was more pronounced under the stimulation at frequencies of 27 and 40 Hz and served as a reliable predictor of click rate discrimination at 27 Hz. Conversely, the SW exhibited a larger amplitude under the stimulation at 40 and 83 Hz and explained the variance in click rate discrimination at 40 Hz, with higher SW amplitude correlating with better performance. Our results elucidate the association of ITPC and SW with specific aspects of auditory perception in children, which might help to understand abnormalities in these responses seen in neurodevelopmental disorders.
{"title":"The neurophysiological correlates of click rate discrimination in children","authors":"Anastasia Neklyudova , Anna Rebreikina , Olga Sysoeva","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study investigated rhythmic stimuli perception in typically developing children (5–18 years old, <em>n</em> = 48, 22 girls). In the behavioral part of the study, where children discriminated between two click trains varied around frequencies of 16, 27, 40 and 83 Hz, we identified the shift toward better performance for the frequencies higher than 40 Hz. To dig into neurophysiological mechanisms of this process we recorded 28-channels EEG while similar auditory clicks were presented in trains of 500 ms with interstimulus intervals of 800–1000 ms. We focused on brain correlates of temporal and pitch-related processing — the intertrial-phase coherence at the frequency of stimulation (ITPC) and sustained wave (SW). ITPC was more pronounced under the stimulation at frequencies of 27 and 40 Hz and served as a reliable predictor of click rate discrimination at 27 Hz. Conversely, the SW exhibited a larger amplitude under the stimulation at 40 and 83 Hz and explained the variance in click rate discrimination at 40 Hz, with higher SW amplitude correlating with better performance. Our results elucidate the association of ITPC and SW with specific aspects of auditory perception in children, which might help to understand abnormalities in these responses seen in neurodevelopmental disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 113304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113306
Giuseppe A. Chiarenza , Valeria Peluso , Min Li , Ying Wang , Tania Perez-Ramirez , Leslie S. Prichep , Pedro Valdes-Sosa , Rolando J. Biscay , Jorge Bosch-Bayard
Developmental dyslexia is a heterogeneous disorder classically divided into distinct subtypes. Elena Boder's, 1973 model conceptualised reading and spelling as functions of distributed, interactive neural networks that require a dynamic interplay between visual-gestalt and analytic-auditory processes. Disruption of this interplay produces three main dyslexic subtypes—dysphonetic (DD), dyseidetic (DYD), and mixed (MD). These subtypes have also been described in Italian speakers, and recent research suggests they correspond to specific neurophysiological patterns.
In this study, we analysed quantitative EEG (qEEG) from a cohort of 227 children. The dyslexic group comprised DD (n = 169; 110M/59F, age 7–15), DYD (n = 18; 17M/1F, age 7–15), and MD (n = 40; 25M/15F, age 7–18), compared to 100 age-matched typically developing controls (58M/42F, age 6–16). Methodologically, we moved beyond conventional power analysis by employing a stable and sparse regression classifier (SSRC) based on harmonised cross-spectral complex z-scores. This approach is neurophysiologically grounded in the view that reading emerges from the dynamic interplay within distributed cerebral networks. We therefore hypothesised that dyslexia subtypes would be best discriminated by distinct patterns of functional connectivity, which are directly captured by cross-spectral metrics. Consistent with this, while conventional log-spectral measures showed poor subtype discrimination, our cross-spectral analysis revealed distinct connectivity patterns that differentiated the DD, DYD, and MD groups. Classification accuracy was high (areas under the ROC: DD vs DYD = 0.85; DD vs MD = 0.94; DYD vs MD = 0.78), and dyslexic subtypes were clearly separated from controls using fewer variables.
These findings provide the first neurophysiological validation of Boder's subtypes, demonstrating that DD and DYD reflect distinct network dysfunctions. The partial overlap between dysphonetic and mixed groups aligns with clinical evidence that MD represents a more severe dysphonetic form. Overall, our results highlight the potential of qEEG connectivity biomarkers to refine dyslexia diagnosis and support personalised interventions.
发展性阅读障碍是一种异质性障碍，通常分为不同的亚型。Elena Boder（1973）的模型将阅读和拼写概念化为分布式、交互式神经网络的功能，这些功能需要视觉完形和分析听觉过程之间的动态相互作用。这种相互作用的破坏产生了三种主要的阅读障碍亚型-发音障碍（DD）， dysseidetic （DYD）和混合型（MD）。这些亚型在说意大利语的人身上也有描述，最近的研究表明，它们对应于特定的神经生理模式。在这项研究中，我们分析了227名儿童的定量脑电图（qEEG）。阅读困难组包括DD （n = 169;110M/59F，年龄7-15岁），DYD （n = 18;17M/1F，年龄7-15岁）和MD （n = 40;25M/15F，年龄7-18岁），与100名年龄匹配的典型发育对照组（58M/42F，年龄6-16岁）相比。在方法上，我们通过采用基于协调交叉光谱复杂z分数的稳定稀疏回归分类器（SSRC）超越了传统的功率分析。这种方法是基于神经生理学的观点，即阅读来自于分布式大脑网络中的动态相互作用。因此，我们假设阅读障碍亚型最好通过不同的功能连接模式来区分，这可以通过交叉谱指标直接捕获。与此一致的是，虽然传统的对数光谱测量显示出较差的亚型区分，但我们的交叉光谱分析揭示了区分DD， DYD和MD组的明显连通性模式。分类准确率高（ROC下面积：DD vs DYD = 0.85;DD vs MD = 0.94;DYD vs MD = 0.78），并且使用较少的变量将阅读困难亚型与对照清楚地分开。这些发现为Boder亚型提供了第一个神经生理学验证，表明DD和DYD反映了不同的网络功能障碍。发音困难和混合组之间的部分重叠与临床证据一致，MD代表更严重的发音困难形式。总的来说，我们的研究结果强调了qEEG连接生物标志物在完善阅读障碍诊断和支持个性化干预方面的潜力。
{"title":"Neurophysiological differentiation of Boder's dyslexia subtypes using harmonised quantitative EEG cross-spectra","authors":"Giuseppe A. Chiarenza , Valeria Peluso , Min Li , Ying Wang , Tania Perez-Ramirez , Leslie S. Prichep , Pedro Valdes-Sosa , Rolando J. Biscay , Jorge Bosch-Bayard","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developmental dyslexia is a heterogeneous disorder classically divided into distinct subtypes. Elena <span><span>Boder's, 1973</span></span> model conceptualised reading and spelling as functions of distributed, interactive neural networks that require a dynamic interplay between visual-gestalt and analytic-auditory processes. Disruption of this interplay produces three main dyslexic subtypes—dysphonetic (DD), dyseidetic (DYD), and mixed (MD). These subtypes have also been described in Italian speakers, and recent research suggests they correspond to specific neurophysiological patterns.</div><div>In this study, we analysed quantitative EEG (qEEG) from a cohort of 227 children. The dyslexic group comprised DD (n = 169; 110M/59F, age 7–15), DYD (n = 18; 17M/1F, age 7–15), and MD (n = 40; 25M/15F, age 7–18), compared to 100 age-matched typically developing controls (58M/42F, age 6–16). Methodologically, we moved beyond conventional power analysis by employing a stable and sparse regression classifier (SSRC) based on harmonised cross-spectral complex z-scores. This approach is neurophysiologically grounded in the view that reading emerges from the dynamic interplay within distributed cerebral networks. We therefore hypothesised that dyslexia subtypes would be best discriminated by distinct patterns of functional connectivity, which are directly captured by cross-spectral metrics. Consistent with this, while conventional log-spectral measures showed poor subtype discrimination, our cross-spectral analysis revealed distinct connectivity patterns that differentiated the DD, DYD, and MD groups. Classification accuracy was high (areas under the ROC: DD vs DYD = 0.85; DD vs MD = 0.94; DYD vs MD = 0.78), and dyslexic subtypes were clearly separated from controls using fewer variables.</div><div>These findings provide the first neurophysiological validation of Boder's subtypes, demonstrating that DD and DYD reflect distinct network dysfunctions. The partial overlap between dysphonetic and mixed groups aligns with clinical evidence that MD represents a more severe dysphonetic form. Overall, our results highlight the potential of qEEG connectivity biomarkers to refine dyslexia diagnosis and support personalised interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 113306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8760(25)00808-6
{"title":"International Organization of Psychophysiology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0167-8760(25)00808-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-8760(25)00808-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113300
Gábor Csifcsák , Matthias Mittner
The feedback-related negativity (FRN) has been associated both with the cortical processing of reward and salience prediction errors (RPEs/SPEs), and with behavioral adjustments that optimize performance. While the FRN is sensitive to response-feedback contingencies, it remains to be explored how this waveform is influenced by random outcomes during reinforcement learning (RL) while participants develop an illusion of control (IoC). We present novel analyses of data from a previous study (Csifcsák et al., 2020), in which a group of healthy adults was intermittently exposed to compromised control over outcomes (“yoking”). Earlier, we reported effects of yoking on latent parameters of RL and oscillatory activity during decision-making, whereas now we analyzed whether the FRN was also sensitive to our controllability manipulation. Participants were randomized to “control” or “yoked” groups, differing only in their level of control over outcomes during an RL task. The FRN was analyzed both in terms of its valence-sensitivity and with respect to its association with single-trial RPEs/SPEs. Bayesian statistics confirmed comparable ratings of perceived control in the two groups, indicating IoC for yoked participants. Although response accuracy was at chance level during compromised outcome controllability, the FRN was statistically indistinguishable between the two groups, as revealed by a multitude of analytical approaches. We conclude that under IoC, the FRN is not sensitive to response-outcome contingencies, and thus, it does not reflect drops in performance. These findings suggest that the cortical analysis of outcomes is dominated by higher-order cognitive/affective states when predictions about future events are unreliable.
{"title":"Reward processing under illusion of control: The sensitivity of the feedback-related negativity to prediction errors is not altered when random outcomes are perceived as the consequence of one's own actions","authors":"Gábor Csifcsák , Matthias Mittner","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The feedback-related negativity (FRN) has been associated both with the cortical processing of reward and salience prediction errors (RPEs/SPEs), and with behavioral adjustments that optimize performance. While the FRN is sensitive to response-feedback contingencies, it remains to be explored how this waveform is influenced by random outcomes during reinforcement learning (RL) while participants develop an illusion of control (IoC). We present novel analyses of data from a previous study (Csifcsák et al., 2020), in which a group of healthy adults was intermittently exposed to compromised control over outcomes (“yoking”). Earlier, we reported effects of yoking on latent parameters of RL and oscillatory activity during decision-making, whereas now we analyzed whether the FRN was also sensitive to our controllability manipulation. Participants were randomized to “control” or “yoked” groups, differing only in their level of control over outcomes during an RL task. The FRN was analyzed both in terms of its valence-sensitivity and with respect to its association with single-trial RPEs/SPEs. Bayesian statistics confirmed comparable ratings of perceived control in the two groups, indicating IoC for yoked participants. Although response accuracy was at chance level during compromised outcome controllability, the FRN was statistically indistinguishable between the two groups, as revealed by a multitude of analytical approaches. We conclude that under IoC, the FRN is not sensitive to response-outcome contingencies, and thus, it does not reflect drops in performance. These findings suggest that the cortical analysis of outcomes is dominated by higher-order cognitive/affective states when predictions about future events are unreliable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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