Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113335
Kaneez Fatima Dar , Manish Kumar Asthana
Inhibitory learning forms an essential component of extinction learning; deficits in it could hinder extinction. Previous research has shown that optimizing inhibitory learning has the potential to improve extinction. The current study aims to improve extinction and extinction recall through inhibitory control training. The participants underwent a 3-day fear conditioning experiment, habituation and fear acquisition occurred on day 1, extinction on day 2 and extinction recall on day 3. On day 2, participants were randomly assigned to two groups: an inhibitory control training and standard extinction (IC-SE) group, and a standard extinction (SE) group. IC-SE underwent a stop-signal task training before extinction. The SE group did not undergo any training. Our findings indicate that inhibitory control training, using the stop-signal task, leads to a greater reduction in UCS-expectancy and subjective arousal ratings during extinction. This effect persisted and was observed 24 h later during extinction recall. Our findings suggest that training inhibitory control may aid extinction through retrieval suppression.
{"title":"Inhibitory control training might be a gateway to enhance fear extinction","authors":"Kaneez Fatima Dar , Manish Kumar Asthana","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inhibitory learning forms an essential component of extinction learning; deficits in it could hinder extinction. Previous research has shown that optimizing inhibitory learning has the potential to improve extinction. The current study aims to improve extinction and extinction recall through inhibitory control training. The participants underwent a 3-day fear conditioning experiment, habituation and fear acquisition occurred on day 1, extinction on day 2 and extinction recall on day 3. On day 2, participants were randomly assigned to two groups: an inhibitory control training and standard extinction (IC-SE) group, and a standard extinction (SE) group. IC-SE underwent a stop-signal task training before extinction. The SE group did not undergo any training. Our findings indicate that inhibitory control training, using the stop-signal task, leads to a greater reduction in UCS-expectancy and subjective arousal ratings during extinction. This effect persisted and was observed 24 h later during extinction recall. Our findings suggest that training inhibitory control may aid extinction through retrieval suppression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-23DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8760(26)00026-7
{"title":"International Organization of Psychophysiology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0167-8760(26)00026-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0167-8760(26)00026-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113320
Matt R. Judah , Hannah C. Hamrick , Morgan S. Middlebrooks , Ben Swanson , Arooj Abid , Wesley J.B. Vaught
Automatic attention to threat, known as attentional bias, is theorized to give rise to worry (Hirsch and Mathews, 2012). However, results have been equivocal regarding the link between worry and attentional bias as indicated by the late positive potential (LPP), a neural marker of attention. Additionally, theories suggest that emotion dysregulation and contrast avoidance may explain why attention to threat is related to worry. However, no studies have examined this or even determined whether there is an association between contrast avoidance and the LPP evoked by threat. To address these inconsistencies and gaps in the current research, the present study examined the associations between the early portion (400-700 ms) of the threat-evoked LPP, emotion dysregulation, contrast avoidance, and worry in a sample of 106 undergraduate students, 54.7% of whom endorsed clinically significant worry. Results indicated that the LPP was positively associated with both emotion dysregulation and contrast avoidance. Higher emotion dysregulation and higher contrast avoidance scores were associated with greater self-reported worry. There was an indirect effect of the LPP on worry through both emotion dysregulation and contrast avoidance. These results support a link between early attentional bias to threat and worry and suggest that clinicians should consider multiple mechanisms of pathological worry.
{"title":"Indirect effects of threat processing on worry: The roles of emotion dysregulation and contrast avoidance","authors":"Matt R. Judah , Hannah C. Hamrick , Morgan S. Middlebrooks , Ben Swanson , Arooj Abid , Wesley J.B. Vaught","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Automatic attention to threat, known as attentional bias, is theorized to give rise to worry (Hirsch and Mathews, 2012). However, results have been equivocal regarding the link between worry and attentional bias as indicated by the late positive potential (LPP), a neural marker of attention. Additionally, theories suggest that emotion dysregulation and contrast avoidance may explain why attention to threat is related to worry. However, no studies have examined this or even determined whether there is an association between contrast avoidance and the LPP evoked by threat. To address these inconsistencies and gaps in the current research, the present study examined the associations between the early portion (400-700 ms) of the threat-evoked LPP, emotion dysregulation, contrast avoidance, and worry in a sample of 106 undergraduate students, 54.7% of whom endorsed clinically significant worry. Results indicated that the LPP was positively associated with both emotion dysregulation and contrast avoidance. Higher emotion dysregulation and higher contrast avoidance scores were associated with greater self-reported worry. There was an indirect effect of the LPP on worry through both emotion dysregulation and contrast avoidance. These results support a link between early attentional bias to threat and worry and suggest that clinicians should consider multiple mechanisms of pathological worry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113330
Florian Scharf , Dagmar Müller
In the past decade, there has been considerable concern about the reproducibility of psychological research. We suggest that in-class replications are a feasible setting for the replication of psychophysiological findings and present our conceptual in-class replication of a finding by Sussman, Ritter, and Vaughan Jr. (1998). In the original study, infrequent pitch deviants (proportion: 20%) were presented either at fixed (i.e., predictable) positions or at random positions (i.e., as classic oddballs) in the auditory sequence. The authors found that deviants presented in the predictable condition did not elicit the mismatch negativity (MMN) in the event-related potential (ERP) when the tone sequence was presented at sufficiently fast stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) but deviants presented in the random condition elicited an MMN. We replicated a subset of the original conditions in a sample of 25 participants. Although we had changed some aspects of the original design we found frequentist and Bayesian statistical evidence in favor of ERP-differences in the predictable vs. the random condition in the MMN time window. In line with the original results deviants presented in the predictable condition did not elicit an MMN suggesting that the auditory system extracts regularly occurring patterns within fast-paced task-irrelevant acoustic input. However, sequential Bayes factor analysis showed a substantial between-participant variability in the random condition obscuring the presence of a reliable MMN. We discuss potential inter-individual differences in segregating fast-paced sound sequences into separate streams as an explanation for this phenomenon. We further discuss advantages and disadvantages of in-class replications in psychophysiological research.
{"title":"Predictable changes within fast-paced sound sequences do not elicit the mismatch negativity: A conceptual in-class replication study","authors":"Florian Scharf , Dagmar Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past decade, there has been considerable concern about the reproducibility of psychological research. We suggest that in-class replications are a feasible setting for the replication of psychophysiological findings and present our conceptual in-class replication of a finding by Sussman, Ritter, and Vaughan Jr. (1998). In the original study, infrequent pitch deviants (proportion: 20%) were presented either at fixed (i.e., predictable) positions or at random positions (i.e., as classic oddballs) in the auditory sequence. The authors found that deviants presented in the predictable condition did not elicit the mismatch negativity (MMN) in the event-related potential (ERP) when the tone sequence was presented at sufficiently fast stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) but deviants presented in the random condition elicited an MMN. We replicated a subset of the original conditions in a sample of 25 participants. Although we had changed some aspects of the original design we found frequentist and Bayesian statistical evidence in favor of ERP-differences in the predictable vs. the random condition in the MMN time window. In line with the original results deviants presented in the predictable condition did not elicit an MMN suggesting that the auditory system extracts regularly occurring patterns within fast-paced task-irrelevant acoustic input. However, sequential Bayes factor analysis showed a substantial between-participant variability in the random condition obscuring the presence of a reliable MMN. We discuss potential inter-individual differences in segregating fast-paced sound sequences into separate streams as an explanation for this phenomenon. We further discuss advantages and disadvantages of in-class replications in psychophysiological research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113319
Hilary Skov , Sydney Hawkins , Jonas G. Miller , Carolyn A. Greene , Sarah A.O. Gray
The present review synthesizes research examining changes in parasympathetic biomarkers of self-regulation (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] activity) over the course of intervention or prevention programs in pediatric samples. Based on a preregistered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42024550670), PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched until July 1, 2025 to identify 13 peer-reviewed, empirical studies reporting indices of RSA activity in samples of infants, children, and adolescents participating in psychotherapy treatment programs. Study quality was evaluated using design-specific tools from the NHLBI and ROBINS-I, and results were synthesized narratively given differences in study design, intervention type, and RSA measurement. Seven studies examined immediate pre-post changes in baseline RSA, and all seven reported increases on average. All four studies that assessed RSA at follow-up showed maintenance of the posttreatment pattern. Seven studies assessed RSA reactivity; six observed pre-post change, though the direction varied. Following treatment for externalizing disorders, youth generally showed increased RSA withdrawal, whereas youth generally showed reduced RSA withdrawal or greater stability following treatment for internalizing disorders. Four studies examined RSA across multiple treatment sessions, and three reported within-treatment shifts. Correspondence between RSA change and psychosocial symptom reduction was found in most studies testing this link, though patterns of association varied across samples. Thus, baseline RSA and RSA reactivity may respond to treatment, although patterns of change vary based on symptom presentation. Limitations of this body of literature include small sample sizes and methodological heterogeneity. Findings are considered in relation to models of self-regulation and build on previous reviews of altered autonomic functioning in pediatric samples with dysregulation.
{"title":"A systematic literature review of respiratory sinus arrhythmia response to psychotherapy in pediatric samples","authors":"Hilary Skov , Sydney Hawkins , Jonas G. Miller , Carolyn A. Greene , Sarah A.O. Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present review synthesizes research examining changes in parasympathetic biomarkers of self-regulation (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] activity) over the course of intervention or prevention programs in pediatric samples. Based on a preregistered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42024550670), PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched until July 1, 2025 to identify 13 peer-reviewed, empirical studies reporting indices of RSA activity in samples of infants, children, and adolescents participating in psychotherapy treatment programs. Study quality was evaluated using design-specific tools from the NHLBI and ROBINS-I, and results were synthesized narratively given differences in study design, intervention type, and RSA measurement. Seven studies examined immediate pre-post changes in baseline RSA, and all seven reported increases on average. All four studies that assessed RSA at follow-up showed maintenance of the posttreatment pattern. Seven studies assessed RSA reactivity; six observed pre-post change, though the direction varied. Following treatment for externalizing disorders, youth generally showed increased RSA withdrawal, whereas youth generally showed reduced RSA withdrawal or greater stability following treatment for internalizing disorders. Four studies examined RSA across multiple treatment sessions, and three reported within-treatment shifts. Correspondence between RSA change and psychosocial symptom reduction was found in most studies testing this link, though patterns of association varied across samples. Thus, baseline RSA and RSA reactivity may respond to treatment, although patterns of change vary based on symptom presentation. Limitations of this body of literature include small sample sizes and methodological heterogeneity. Findings are considered in relation to models of self-regulation and build on previous reviews of altered autonomic functioning in pediatric samples with dysregulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145946903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113329
Eric S. Drollette, Praveen A. Pasupathi, Andrew S. Cornwall, Bryan Montero-Herrera, Megan M. O'Brokta
This study examined the effects of an acute bout of moderate-intensity cycling (20-min) on inhibitory control, academic achievement, and P3 event-related potential (ERP) in children. Participants (n = 22; aged 9–12) completed two counterbalanced laboratory cycling and seated rest sessions on separate days while wearing an EEG cap (64 Ag/AgCl electrodes). EEG data were recorded while performing the flanker task before, during, and after each condition. Participants also completed academic measures of fluency (word recognition, decoding, silent reading, and math) during cycling and seated rest. Results revealed no changes in reaction time or response accuracy for the flanker task across time and between conditions, and no changes in academic performance between cycling and seated rest. P3 ERP analyses revealed no change in amplitude, latency, or scalp topography, suggesting preserved attentional resource allocation and neural stability during and after dual-task performance. Together, children may be able to successfully accomplish academic responsibilities while exercising without behavioral or neurocognitive decrements to effectively meet task demands.
{"title":"Pedaling and schoolwork: Stability in academic performance, cognition, and neuroelectric function during moderate-intensity cycling in children","authors":"Eric S. Drollette, Praveen A. Pasupathi, Andrew S. Cornwall, Bryan Montero-Herrera, Megan M. O'Brokta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the effects of an acute bout of moderate-intensity cycling (20-min) on inhibitory control, academic achievement, and P3 event-related potential (ERP) in children. Participants (<em>n</em> = 22; aged 9–12) completed two counterbalanced laboratory cycling and seated rest sessions on separate days while wearing an EEG cap (64 Ag/AgCl electrodes). EEG data were recorded while performing the flanker task before, during, and after each condition. Participants also completed academic measures of fluency (word recognition, decoding, silent reading, and math) during cycling and seated rest. Results revealed no changes in reaction time or response accuracy for the flanker task across time and between conditions, and no changes in academic performance between cycling and seated rest. P3 ERP analyses revealed no change in amplitude, latency, or scalp topography, suggesting preserved attentional resource allocation and neural stability during and after dual-task performance. Together, children may be able to successfully accomplish academic responsibilities while exercising without behavioral or neurocognitive decrements to effectively meet task demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facial temperature is a promising non-invasive index of autonomic activity, yet its dynamics during resting state remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between facial temperature in the key regions of the nose tip and the periorbital area, and cardiac activity. Facial temperature was measured using functional infrared thermal imaging, while cardiac parasympathetic activity was indexed by high-frequency (HF) power and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) of heart rate variability (HRV). Analyses included (i) grand-average correlations to identify overarching physiological patterns, (ii) within-subject correlations to explore the strength of individual-level relationship, and (iii) between-subject correlations to examine inter-individual variability in the association between cardiac and thermal signals. Across 32 participants, during a 13.5-min resting-state session, HF power showed a positive association with nose-tip temperature and a negative association with periorbital temperature, whereas RMSSD showed weaker effects. A differential temperature index (nose-tip minus periorbital) emerged as the most robust correlate of HF power. These findings suggest that facial thermal dynamics mirror vagal modulation at rest and that the differential index, which integrates information from distinct facial areas, may offer a sensitive, contactless indicator of autonomic activity.
{"title":"Towards a novel contactless autonomic biomarker: Investigating the relationship between heart rate variability and facial temperature during resting state","authors":"Giulio Piperno , Marina Scattolin , Alisha Vabba , Cristina Ottaviani , Julian F. Thayer , Giuseppina Porciello , Maria Serena Panasiti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Facial temperature is a promising non-invasive index of autonomic activity, yet its dynamics during resting state remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between facial temperature in the key regions of the nose tip and the periorbital area, and cardiac activity. Facial temperature was measured using functional infrared thermal imaging, while cardiac parasympathetic activity was indexed by high-frequency (HF) power and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) of heart rate variability (HRV). Analyses included (i) grand-average correlations to identify overarching physiological patterns, (ii) within-subject correlations to explore the strength of individual-level relationship, and (iii) between-subject correlations to examine inter-individual variability in the association between cardiac and thermal signals. Across 32 participants, during a 13.5-min resting-state session, HF power showed a positive association with nose-tip temperature and a negative association with periorbital temperature, whereas RMSSD showed weaker effects. A differential temperature index (nose-tip minus periorbital) emerged as the most robust correlate of HF power. These findings suggest that facial thermal dynamics mirror vagal modulation at rest and that the differential index, which integrates information from distinct facial areas, may offer a sensitive, contactless indicator of autonomic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mental fatigue is typically induced by prolonged cognitive tasks. However, the task durations employed across studies vary significantly, potentially influencing the sensitivity of different assessment measures. This study evaluated the effects of three task durations on subjective, behavioral, and neurophysiological measures of mental fatigue. Twenty-two healthy adults completed the Stroop tasks under three duration conditions (30-, 60-, and 90-minute) on separate days in randomized order. Mental fatigue was assessed using subjective measures [Brunel Mood Scale–Chinese version (BRUMS-C) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)], behavioral measures (response times and accuracy), and neurophysiological measures (P300 amplitude and latency). Results indicated that subjective ratings indicated increased subjective mental fatigue under all three conditions, the 90-minute task led to a significantly greater increase in VAS score. Behaviorally, both the 60-minute (p = 0.009) and 90-minute (p = 0.006) Stroop tasks led to prolonged response times, but a reduction in accuracy was observed only in the 90-minute condition (p = 0.039). Neurophysiologically, a decrease in P300 amplitude was observed only after completing the 90-minute task (p < 0.001), whereas P300 latency remained stable across all conditions. These findings indicate that commonly used measures of mental fatigue differ in their sensitivity to task duration. Subjective, behavioral, and neurophysiological indices did not respond uniformly across task durations, highlighting the importance of employing multimodal assessment strategies when evaluating mental fatigue induced by prolonged cognitive engagement.
{"title":"Effects of task duration on mental fatigue: A multimodal analysis based on subjective, behavioral, and electrophysiological measures","authors":"Chenyuan Zhang , Naiying Liu , Dayuan Xu , Wenxue Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental fatigue is typically induced by prolonged cognitive tasks. However, the task durations employed across studies vary significantly, potentially influencing the sensitivity of different assessment measures. This study evaluated the effects of three task durations on subjective, behavioral, and neurophysiological measures of mental fatigue. Twenty-two healthy adults completed the Stroop tasks under three duration conditions (30-, 60-, and 90-minute) on separate days in randomized order. Mental fatigue was assessed using subjective measures [Brunel Mood Scale–Chinese version (BRUMS-C) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)], behavioral measures (response times and accuracy), and neurophysiological measures (P300 amplitude and latency). Results indicated that subjective ratings indicated increased subjective mental fatigue under all three conditions, the 90-minute task led to a significantly greater increase in VAS score. Behaviorally, both the 60-minute (<em>p</em> = 0.009) and 90-minute (<em>p</em> = 0.006) Stroop tasks led to prolonged response times, but a reduction in accuracy was observed only in the 90-minute condition (<em>p</em> = 0.039). Neurophysiologically, a decrease in P300 amplitude was observed only after completing the 90-minute task (<em>p</em> < 0.001), whereas P300 latency remained stable across all conditions. These findings indicate that commonly used measures of mental fatigue differ in their sensitivity to task duration. Subjective, behavioral, and neurophysiological indices did not respond uniformly across task durations, highlighting the importance of employing multimodal assessment strategies when evaluating mental fatigue induced by prolonged cognitive engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146067893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113334
Kaoru Nashiro , Jungwon Min , Hyun Joo Yoo , Christine Cho , Martin J. Dahl , Paul Choi , Hye Rynn J. Lee , Jeiran Choupan , Noah Mercer , Padideh Nasseri , Andy Jeesu Kim , Kalekirstos Alemu , Nicole F. Rose , Alexandra Ycaza Herrera , Rachel Custer , Markus Werkle-Bergner , Julian F. Thayer , Lorena Sordo , Elizabeth Head , Mara Mather
Aging is the strongest known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and elevated plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in healthy adults are associated with increased AD risk. Aging is also associated with autonomic imbalance, characterized by increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity. In our previous randomized clinical trial, we found that four weeks of daily slow-paced breathing designed to enhance parasympathetic activity reduced plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels in younger and older adults and showed a trend toward increasing Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio only in older adults. The primary goal of the current study was to extend these findings in 62 adults aged 50 to 70 years using randomized assignment to 10 weeks of slow-paced breathing or a random-paced breathing control with three assessment time points. Secondary objectives included examining the effects of slow-paced breathing on brain structure (i.e., perivascular space and hippocampal volumes) and cognitive performance. Consistent with prior findings, the slow-paced breathing group showed greater decreases in plasma Aβ42 than the control group. However, group differences were not significant for Aβ40 or Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios, and no significant effects were observed for the secondary outcomes. The non-significant findings may be due to changes we made to both intervention and control condition methods relative to our previous trial. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential effects of slow-paced breathing on Aβ accumulation in the brain.
衰老是阿尔茨海默病（AD）的已知最强危险因素，健康成人血浆淀粉样蛋白-β (Aβ)水平升高与AD风险增加有关。衰老还与自主神经失衡有关，其特征是交感神经活动增加，副交感神经活动减少。在我们之前的随机临床试验中，我们发现为期四周的日常慢节奏呼吸旨在增强副交感神经活动，降低了年轻人和老年人血浆a β42和a β40水平，并且仅在老年人中显示出a β42/ a β40比值增加的趋势。当前研究的主要目标是在62名年龄在50至70 岁之间的成年人中扩展这些发现，使用随机分配到10 周的慢节奏呼吸或随机节奏呼吸控制，有三个评估时间点。次要目的包括检查慢节奏呼吸对大脑结构（即血管周围空间和海马体积）和认知表现的影响。与先前的研究结果一致，慢节奏呼吸组的血浆Aβ42比对照组的下降幅度更大。然而，a - β40和a - β42/ a - β40比值组间差异不显著，次要结局无显著影响。这些不显著的发现可能是由于我们对干预和对照条件的方法进行了相对于我们之前的试验的改变。需要进一步的研究来探索慢节奏呼吸对大脑中Aβ积累的潜在机制和影响。
{"title":"Testing effects of paced breathing on plasma Aβ and brain perivascular spaces","authors":"Kaoru Nashiro , Jungwon Min , Hyun Joo Yoo , Christine Cho , Martin J. Dahl , Paul Choi , Hye Rynn J. Lee , Jeiran Choupan , Noah Mercer , Padideh Nasseri , Andy Jeesu Kim , Kalekirstos Alemu , Nicole F. Rose , Alexandra Ycaza Herrera , Rachel Custer , Markus Werkle-Bergner , Julian F. Thayer , Lorena Sordo , Elizabeth Head , Mara Mather","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is the strongest known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and elevated plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in healthy adults are associated with increased AD risk. Aging is also associated with autonomic imbalance, characterized by increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity. In our previous randomized clinical trial, we found that four weeks of daily slow-paced breathing designed to enhance parasympathetic activity reduced plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels in younger and older adults and showed a trend toward increasing Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio only in older adults. The primary goal of the current study was to extend these findings in 62 adults aged 50 to 70 years using randomized assignment to 10 weeks of slow-paced breathing or a random-paced breathing control with three assessment time points. Secondary objectives included examining the effects of slow-paced breathing on brain structure (i.e., perivascular space and hippocampal volumes) and cognitive performance. Consistent with prior findings, the slow-paced breathing group showed greater decreases in plasma Aβ42 than the control group. However, group differences were not significant for Aβ40 or Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios, and no significant effects were observed for the secondary outcomes. The non-significant findings may be due to changes we made to both intervention and control condition methods relative to our previous trial. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential effects of slow-paced breathing on Aβ accumulation in the brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113318
Michael Batashvili , Barr Haim Israel , Daniel A. Levy , Limor Shtoots
Tactile texture memory has been underexplored compared to visual and auditory memory, despite its importance in daily functioning. Prior research indicates that theta oscillations support memory consolidation across modalities, and frontal midline theta transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been shown to enhance long-term visual and auditory memory. This study examined whether theta-frequency tACS similarly influences tactile texture memory. 59 participants were randomly assigned to theta tACS (3 Hz), beta tACS (16 Hz), or sham stimulation administered immediately after encoding. During encoding, blindfolded participants explored 25 textures twice under auditory and visual masking. Following 20 min of stimulation and a two-hour delay, participants completed a recognition task with 25 studied textures and 25 foils, providing old/new judgments with confidence ratings. Analyses revealed no significant differences in recognition accuracy across conditions. Similarly, theta stimulation did not increase subsequent confidence in recognition judgments. These findings indicate that, unlike visual and auditory domains, post-encoding theta tACS did not enhance tactile texture memory accuracy. The results highlight potential modality-specific mechanisms in tactile memory consolidation.
{"title":"Effects of theta tACS on tactile texture memory consolidation","authors":"Michael Batashvili , Barr Haim Israel , Daniel A. Levy , Limor Shtoots","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tactile texture memory has been underexplored compared to visual and auditory memory, despite its importance in daily functioning. Prior research indicates that theta oscillations support memory consolidation across modalities, and frontal midline theta transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been shown to enhance long-term visual and auditory memory. This study examined whether theta-frequency tACS similarly influences tactile texture memory. 59 participants were randomly assigned to theta tACS (3 Hz), beta tACS (16 Hz), or sham stimulation administered immediately after encoding. During encoding, blindfolded participants explored 25 textures twice under auditory and visual masking. Following 20 min of stimulation and a two-hour delay, participants completed a recognition task with 25 studied textures and 25 foils, providing old/new judgments with confidence ratings. Analyses revealed no significant differences in recognition accuracy across conditions. Similarly, theta stimulation did not increase subsequent confidence in recognition judgments. These findings indicate that, unlike visual and auditory domains, post-encoding theta tACS did not enhance tactile texture memory accuracy. The results highlight potential modality-specific mechanisms in tactile memory consolidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54945,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 113318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145821948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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