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FRELSA: A dataset for frailty in elderly people originated from ELSA and evaluated through machine learning models FRELSA:源自 ELSA 的老年人虚弱数据集,通过机器学习模型进行评估
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105603

Background

Frailty is an age-related syndrome characterized by loss of strength and exhaustion and associated with multi-morbidity. Early detection and prediction of the appearance of frailty could help older people age better and prevent them from needing invasive and expensive treatments. Machine learning techniques show promising results in creating a medical support tool for such a task.

Methods

This study aims to create a dataset for machine learning-based frailty studies, using Fried's Frailty Phenotype definition. Starting from a longitudinal study on aging in the UK population, we defined a frailty label for each subject. We evaluated the definition by training seven different models for detecting frailty with data that were contemporary to the ones used for the definition. We then integrated more data from two years before to obtain prediction models with a 24-month horizon. Features selection was performed using the MultiSURF algorithm, which ranks all features in order of relevance to the detection or prediction task.

Results

We present a new frailty dataset of 5303 subjects and more than 6500 available features. It is publicly available, provided one has access to the original English Longitudinal Study of Ageing dataset. The dataset is balanced after grouping frailty with pre-frailty, and it is suitable for multiclass or binary classification and prediction problems. The seven tested architectures performed similarly, forming a solid baseline that can be improved with future work. Linear regression achieved the best F-score and AUROC in detection and prediction tasks.

Conclusions

Creating new frailty-annotated datasets of this size is necessary to develop and improve the frailty prediction techniques. We have shown that our dataset can be used to study and test machine learning models to detect and predict frailty. Future work should improve models' architecture and performance, consider explainability, and possibly enrich the dataset with older waves.

背景虚弱是一种与年龄有关的综合征,其特点是体力下降和精疲力竭,并伴有多种疾病。早期检测和预测虚弱的出现可以帮助老年人更好地安享晚年,避免他们需要接受昂贵的侵入性治疗。机器学习技术在为此类任务创建医疗支持工具方面取得了可喜的成果。本研究旨在利用弗里德的虚弱表型定义,为基于机器学习的虚弱研究创建一个数据集。从英国人口老龄化纵向研究开始,我们为每个受试者定义了一个虚弱标签。我们使用与定义所使用的数据类似的数据训练了七个不同的虚弱检测模型,对定义进行了评估。然后,我们整合了两年前的更多数据,得到了 24 个月的预测模型。特征选择采用 MultiSURF 算法,该算法将所有特征按照与检测或预测任务的相关性进行排序。只要能访问原始的英国老龄化纵向研究数据集,就能公开获得该数据集。该数据集在将虚弱与前期虚弱分组后达到了平衡,适用于多类或二元分类和预测问题。七个经过测试的架构表现类似,形成了一个坚实的基线,可以在今后的工作中加以改进。线性回归在检测和预测任务中取得了最佳的 F 分数和 AUROC。我们已经证明,我们的数据集可用于研究和测试检测和预测虚弱的机器学习模型。未来的工作应该改进模型的结构和性能,考虑可解释性,并在可能的情况下用更老的波来丰富数据集。
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引用次数: 0
Chatbots talk Strabismus: Can AI become the new patient Educator? 聊天机器人与斜视对话:人工智能能否成为新的患者教育者?
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105592

Background

Strabismus is a common eye condition affecting both children and adults. Effective patient education is crucial for informed decision-making, but traditional methods often lack accessibility and engagement. Chatbots powered by AI have emerged as a promising solution.

Aim

This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of three chatbots (ChatGPT, Bard, and Copilot) and a reliable website (AAPOS) in answering real patient questions about strabismus.

Method

Three chatbots (ChatGPT, Bard, and Copilot) were compared to a reliable website (AAPOS) using real patient questions. Metrics included accuracy (SOLO taxonomy), understandability/actionability (PEMAT), and readability (Flesch-Kincaid). We also performed a sentiment analysis to capture the emotional tone and impact of the responses.

Results

The AAPOS achieved the highest mean SOLO score (4.14 ± 0.47), followed by Bard, Copilot, and ChatGPT. Bard scored highest on both PEMAT-U (74.8 ± 13.3) and PEMAT-A (66.2 ± 13.6) measures. Flesch-Kincaid Ease Scores revealed the AAPOS as the easiest to read (mean score: 55.8 ± 14.11), closely followed by Copilot. ChatGPT, and Bard had lower scores on readability. The sentiment analysis revealed exciting differences.

Conclusion

Chatbots, particularly Bard and Copilot, show promise in patient education for strabismus with strengths in understandability and actionability. However, the AAPOS website outperformed in accuracy and readability.

背景斜视是一种常见的眼部疾病,对儿童和成人都有影响。有效的患者教育对知情决策至关重要,但传统方法往往缺乏可及性和参与性。本研究旨在评估和比较三个聊天机器人(ChatGPT、Bard 和 Copilot)和一个可靠的网站(AAPOS)在回答患者有关斜视的真实问题时的表现。方法使用患者的真实问题将三个聊天机器人(ChatGPT、Bard 和 Copilot)与一个可靠的网站(AAPOS)进行比较。衡量标准包括准确性(SOLO 分类法)、可理解性/可操作性(PEMAT)和可读性(Flesch-Kincaid)。我们还进行了情感分析,以捕捉回复的情感基调和影响。结果AAPOS的SOLO平均得分最高(4.14 ± 0.47),其次是Bard、Copilot和ChatGPT。Bard 在 PEMAT-U (74.8 ± 13.3) 和 PEMAT-A (66.2 ± 13.6) 两项测量中得分最高。Flesch-Kincaid 易读性评分显示,AAPOS 最容易阅读(平均分:55.8 ± 14.11),紧随其后的是 Copilot。ChatGPT 和 Bard 的易读性得分较低。情感分析显示了令人兴奋的差异。结论聊天机器人,尤其是 Bard 和 Copilot,在斜视患者教育方面显示出了可理解性和可操作性的优势。然而,AAPOS 网站在准确性和可读性方面表现更胜一筹。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Trade-Off between generalist and specialized Models: A center-based comparative analysis for glioblastoma segmentation 探索通用模型与专用模型之间的权衡:基于中心的胶质母细胞瘤分割比较分析
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105604

Introduction

Inherent variations between inter-center data can undermine the robustness of segmentation models when applied at a specific center (dataset shift). We investigated whether specialized center-specific models are more effective compared to generalist models based on multi-center data, and how center-specific data could enhance the performance of generalist models within a particular center using a fine-tuning transfer learning approach. For this purpose, we studied the dataset shift at center level and conducted a comparative analysis to assess the impact of data source on glioblastoma segmentation models.

Methods & Materials

The three key components of dataset shift were studied: prior probability shift—variations in tumor size or tissue distribution among centers; covariate shift—inter-center MRI alterations; and concept shift—different criteria for tumor segmentation. BraTS 2021 dataset was used, which includes 1251 cases from 23 centers. Thereafter, 155 deep-learning models were developed and compared, including 1) generalist models trained with multi-center data, 2) specialized models using only center-specific data, and 3) fine-tuned generalist models using center-specific data.

Results

The three key components of dataset shift were characterized. The amount of covariate shift was substantial, indicating large variations in MR imaging between different centers. Glioblastoma segmentation models tend to perform best when using data from the application center. Generalist models, trained with over 700 samples, achieved a median Dice score of 88.98%. Specialized models surpassed this with 200 cases, while fine-tuned models outperformed with 50 cases.

Conclusions

The influence of dataset shift on model performance is evident. Fine-tuned and specialized models, utilizing data from the evaluated center, outperform generalist models, which rely on data from other centers. These approaches could encourage medical centers to develop customized models for their local use, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of glioblastoma segmentation in a context where dataset shift is inevitable.

简介当应用于特定中心(数据集转移)时,中心间数据的固有差异会削弱分割模型的稳健性。我们研究了特定中心的专业模型是否比基于多中心数据的通用模型更有效,以及特定中心的数据如何利用微调迁移学习方法提高特定中心内通用模型的性能。为此,我们研究了中心层面的数据集转移,并进行了比较分析,以评估数据源对胶质母细胞瘤分割模型的影响:我们研究了数据集移动的三个关键组成部分:先验概率移动--中心间肿瘤大小或组织分布的变化;协变量移动--中心间核磁共振成像的改变;概念移动--肿瘤分割标准的不同。BraTS 2021 数据集包括来自 23 个中心的 1251 个病例。之后,开发了155个深度学习模型并进行了比较,其中包括:1)使用多中心数据训练的通用模型;2)仅使用特定中心数据的专业模型;3)使用特定中心数据的微调通用模型:结果:数据集偏移的三个关键部分都有特征。协变量偏移量很大,表明不同中心之间的磁共振成像差异很大。胶质母细胞瘤分割模型在使用应用中心的数据时往往表现最佳。使用 700 多个样本训练的通用模型的中位 Dice 得分为 88.98%。专业模型在使用 200 个案例时超过了这一水平,而微调模型在使用 50 个案例时表现更好:结论:数据集转移对模型性能的影响显而易见。结论:数据集转移对模型性能的影响显而易见。利用被评估中心数据的微调模型和专业模型优于依靠其他中心数据的通用模型。这些方法可以鼓励医疗中心开发适合本地使用的定制模型,在数据集迁移不可避免的情况下提高胶质母细胞瘤分割的准确性和可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
A survey of openEHR Clinical Data Repositories openEHR 临床数据存储库调查
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105591

  • Background: Clinical Data Repositories (CDRs) lie at the core of both primary and secondary utilisation of vast amounts of health information. These data are intricate, heterogeneous and constantly evolving alongside advancements in biomedical sciences. The separation between clinical content and its persistence renders the archetype-based paradigm naturally well-suited to manage this complexity. This approach is adopted by a number of open source and commercial CDR solutions, mostly implementing the openEHR specifications, which also encompass the Archetype Query Language (AQL) to define portable queries independently of the persistence scheme.

  • Aim: To provide a wide knowledge base and a set of customisable tools as a support in the selection of openEHR CDRs according to a broad ensemble of features relevant to different use cases.

  • Approach: After conducting an extensive search of the existing openEHR CDRs, a survey consisting of fifty-four questions was administered to all the nineteen identified vendors/developers, covering an ample set of aspects such as licensing, implementation, interoperability and ecosystem. Subsequently, the answers from the eleven responders were processed and analysed, also applying statistical techniques.

  • Results: Two detailed tables depict the current landscape of openEHR CDRs, presenting a structured view of the most relevant survey answers. Unsupervised clustering led to the categorisation of CDRs into four groups, and a decision-making diagram has been designed to aid the CDR selection according to a restricted set of desired features.

  • Conclusions: Compared to a similar study conducted in 2013, the results indicate a worldwide rise in the number of openEHR CDRs, marked by a wider adoption of the dedicated query language, to leverage AQL universality across openEHR platforms. The evolution in the last ten years also included an increased attention to exchange data with non-openEHR solutions and to simplify the content creation from clinical models based on Archetypes and Templates. Materials and analytical tools hereby presented are publicly available for further reuse.

-背景:临床数据存储库(CDR)是对大量健康信息进行初级和二级利用的核心。这些数据错综复杂、互不相同,而且随着生物医学科学的发展而不断演变。临床内容与其持久性之间的分离使得基于原型的范例非常适合管理这种复杂性。许多开源和商业 CDR 解决方案都采用了这种方法,它们大多实施了 openEHR 规范,其中还包括原型查询语言(AQL),用于定义独立于持久性方案的可移植查询:方法:在对现有的开放式电子病历 CDR 进行广泛搜索后,对所有 19 家已确定的供应商/开发商进 行了一项包含 54 个问题的调查,涉及许可、实施、互操作性和生态系统等多个方面。随后,对 11 个答复者的答案进行了处理和分析,并应用了统计技术:结果:两张详细的表格描述了开放式电子病历 CDR 的现状,并对最相关的调查答案进行了结构化分析。通过无监督聚类,将 CDR 分成了四组,并设计了一个决策图,以帮助根据一组受限的所需特征选择 CDR:与 2013 年进行的一项类似研究相比,研究结果表明开放式电子病历 CDR 的数量在全球范围内呈上升趋势,其特点是更广泛地采用了专用查询语言,以利用 AQL 在开放式电子病历平台上的通用性。过去十年的发展还包括对与非 openEHR 解决方案交换数据以及简化基于原型和模板的临床模型的内容创建的日益关注。本文所介绍的材料和分析工具均可公开获取,以供进一步重复使用。
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引用次数: 0
Harmonizing Norwegian registries onto OMOP common data model: Mapping challenges and opportunities for pregnancy and COVID-19 research 将挪威登记册与 OMOP 通用数据模型相统一:绘制妊娠和 COVID-19 研究的挑战与机遇图
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105602

Objective

Norwegian health registries covering entire population are used for administration, research, and emergency preparedness. We harmonized these data onto the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership common data model (OMOP CDM) and enrich real-world data in OMOP format with COVID-19 related data.

Methods

Data from six registries (2018–2021) covering birth registrations, selected primary and secondary care events, vaccinations, and communicable disease notifications were mapped onto the OMOP CDM v5.3. An Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) pipeline was developed on simulated data using data characterization documents and scanning tools. We ran dashboard quality checks, cohort generations, investigated differences between source and mapped data, and refined the ETL accordingly.

Results

We mapped 1.5 billion rows of data of 5,673,845 individuals. Among these, there were 804,277 pregnancies, 483,585 mothers together with 792,477 children, and 472,948 fathers. We identified 382,516 positive tests for COVID-19 in 380,794 patients. These figures are consistent with results from source data. In addition to 11 million source codes mapped automatically, we mapped 237 non-standard codes to standard concepts and introduced 38 custom concepts to accommodate pregnancy-related terminologies that were not supported by OMOP CDM vocabularies. A total of 3,700/3,705 (99.8%) checks passed. The 5 failed checks could be explained by the nature of the data and only represent a small number of records.

Discussion and conclusion

Norwegian registry data were successfully harmonized onto OMOP CDM with high level of concordance and provides valuable source for federated COVID-19 related research. Our mapping experience is highly valuable for data partners with Nordic health registries.

目标挪威的健康登记覆盖整个人口,用于管理、研究和应急准备。我们将这些数据统一到观察性医疗结果合作组织通用数据模型(OMOP CDM)上,并用 COVID-19 相关数据丰富了 OMOP 格式的真实世界数据。方法将六个登记处(2018-2021 年)的数据映射到 OMOP CDM v5.3,这些数据涵盖出生登记、选定的初级和二级护理事件、疫苗接种和传染病通知。我们使用数据特征文档和扫描工具在模拟数据上开发了提取-转换-加载(ETL)管道。我们运行了仪表板质量检查、队列世代,调查了源数据和映射数据之间的差异,并对 ETL 进行了相应的改进。其中有 804,277 例怀孕、483,585 名母亲和 792,477 名子女以及 472,948 名父亲。我们在 380,794 名患者中发现了 382,516 例 COVID-19 阳性检测结果。这些数字与源数据的结果一致。除了自动映射的 1,100 万个源代码外,我们还将 237 个非标准代码映射为标准概念,并引入了 38 个自定义概念,以适应 OMOP CDM 词汇表不支持的与妊娠相关的术语。共有 3,700/3,705 次(99.8%)检查通过。讨论与结论挪威的登记数据成功地与 OMOP CDM 进行了协调,一致性很高,为 COVID-19 联合研究提供了宝贵的资料来源。我们的制图经验对北欧健康登记数据合作伙伴非常有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the accuracy and reliability of ChatGPT’s medical responses about thyroid cancer 评估 ChatGPT 有关甲状腺癌的医疗回复的准确性和可靠性
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105593

Purpose

ChatGPT has the potential to offer patient-friendly support. Thyroid carcinoma has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. This study aimed to assess ChatGPT’s accuracy and adequacy in answering questions about information, management, and emotional support related to thyroid cancer.

Methods

We conducted a three-step study. In the first step, ChatGPT responded to 30 questions about thyroid cancer. In the second step, we presented three different cases of thyroid cancer patients and asked ChatGPT about their diagnosis, treatment management, and follow-up. In the third step, we inquired about emotional support for patients and their families. Three expert endocrinologists graded these responses according to ATA guidelines.

Results

We showed that ChatGPT regurgitated extensive knowledge of thyroid cancer (76.66% correct), but only small proportions (6.66%) were labeled as mixed with correct and incorrect/outdated data. However, it was inadequate in the evaluation of clinical cases of thyroid cancer. It mentioned treatment and follow-up recommendations in a general framework, not patient-specific. Also, it provided practical and multifaceted emotional support advice to patients and caregivers regarding the next steps and adjusting to a new diagnosis.

Conclusion

Our study is the first to evaluate the competence and reliability of ChatGPT in thyroid cancer. Although ChatGPT is moderately competent in obtaining information about thyroid cancer, it has not yet been determined to be sufficiently competent and reliable in case management. It has been found effective in guiding patients and their relatives regarding emotional support.

目的ChatGPT有可能为患者提供方便的支持。近年来,甲状腺癌的发病率越来越高。本研究旨在评估 ChatGPT 在回答与甲状腺癌相关的信息、管理和情感支持问题时的准确性和充分性。第一步,ChatGPT 回答了有关甲状腺癌的 30 个问题。第二步,我们介绍了三个不同的甲状腺癌患者病例,并向 ChatGPT 询问了他们的诊断、治疗管理和随访情况。第三步,我们询问了为患者及其家属提供情感支持的情况。结果我们发现,ChatGPT 反馈了大量有关甲状腺癌的知识(正确率为 76.66%),但只有一小部分(6.66%)被标记为正确与错误/过时数据混杂。然而,该指南在评估甲状腺癌临床病例方面存在不足。它只是笼统地提到了治疗和随访建议,而没有针对具体患者。此外,它还就下一步行动和适应新诊断向患者和护理人员提供了实用的、多方面的情感支持建议。虽然 ChatGPT 在获取甲状腺癌信息方面的能力尚可,但在病例管理方面的能力和可靠性还不够。它在指导患者及其亲属进行情感支持方面被认为是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting whether patients in an acute medical unit are physiologically fit-for-discharge using machine learning: A proof-of-concept 利用机器学习预测急诊科病人的生理状况是否适合出院:概念验证
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105586

Introduction

Delays in discharging patients from Acute Medical Units hamper patient flows throughout the hospital. The decision to discharge a patient is mainly based on the patients’ physiological condition, but may vary between physicians. An objective decision-support system based on patients’ physiological data may help minimizing unnecessary delays in discharge. The aim of this proof-of-concept study is to assess the feasibility of predicting whether patients in an Acute Medical Unit are physiologically fit-for-discharge using machine learning with commonly available hospital data. Furthermore, this study investigated how long before actual time of discharge from the Acute Medical Unit we could predict discharge fitness. Also, the predictive importance of features extracted from these data was assessed.

Methods

Electronic Medical Records of patients who participated in a Randomized Controlled Trial conducted in an Acute Medical Unit were used retrospectively (N = 199). Only commonly available hospital data were used. Logistic Regression and Random Forest models were applied to predict every hour whether patients were physiologically fit-for-discharge. Nested 5-fold cross-validation with 5 repeats was used to optimize the model hyperparameters and to estimate the predictive performances.

Results

Physiological discharge fitness was predictable with reasonable performance for Logistic Regression (mean AUROC: 0.67) and Random Forest (mean AUROC: 0.69). For an intuitively chosen classification threshold of 0.8, mean specificity was 93.3 % and sensitivity 14.1 %. Models could predict physiological discharge fitness more than 24 h earlier than actual time of discharge for most patients who were correctly predicted to be fit-for-discharge. Patient characteristics, vital signs and laboratory results were shown to be important predictors.

Conclusion

This proof-of-concept study showed that it is feasible to predict with machine learning whether patients in an Acute Medical Unit are physiologically fit-for-discharge using commonly available hospital data.

导言:急诊科病人延迟出院阻碍了整个医院的病人流动。病人出院的决定主要基于病人的生理状况,但不同医生的决定可能有所不同。基于病人生理数据的客观决策支持系统可能有助于减少不必要的出院延误。这项概念验证研究旨在评估利用机器学习和医院常用数据预测急诊科病人的生理状况是否适合出院的可行性。此外,本研究还调查了在急诊科实际出院时间之前多久,我们可以预测出院患者的健康状况。方法回顾性使用了在急诊科参与随机对照试验的患者的电子病历(N = 199)。仅使用医院常用数据。应用逻辑回归和随机森林模型预测患者每小时的生理状况是否适合出院。结果Logistic回归(平均AUROC:0.67)和随机森林(平均AUROC:0.69)都能以合理的性能预测患者是否适合出院。直观选择的分类阈值为 0.8,平均特异性为 93.3%,灵敏度为 14.1%。对于大多数被正确预测为适合出院的患者来说,模型可以比实际出院时间提前 24 小时以上预测出他们的出院健康状况。患者特征、生命体征和实验室结果均被证明是重要的预测因素。 结论这项概念验证研究表明,利用常用的医院数据,通过机器学习预测急诊科患者的生理状况是否适合出院是可行的。
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引用次数: 0
What attributes of digital devices are important to clinicians in rehabilitation? A cross-cultural best-worst scaling study 数字设备的哪些特性对康复临床医生很重要?跨文化最佳-最差比例研究
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105589

Background

Digital interventions are becoming increasingly popular in rehabilitation. Understanding of device features which impact clinician adoption and satisfaction is limited. Research in the field should be conducted across diverse settings to ensure digital interventions do not exacerbate healthcare inequities.

Objective

This study aimed to understand rehabilitation clinicians’ preferences regarding device attributes and included a cross-cultural comparison.

Materials and Methods

Choice experiment methodology (best-worst scaling) was used to survey rehabilitation clinicians across Australia and Brazil. Participants completed 10 best-worst questions, choosing the most and least important device attributes from subsets of 31 attributes in a partially balanced block design. Results were analysed using multinomial models by country and latent class. Attribute preference scores (PS) were scaled to 0–100 (least to most important).

Results

A total of 122 clinicians from Brazil and 104 clinicians from Australia completed the survey. Most respondents were physiotherapists (83%) working with neurological populations (51%) in the private/self-employed sector (51%) who had experience using rehabilitation devices (87%). Despite preference heterogeneity across country and work sector (public/not-for-profit versus private/self-employed/other), clinicians consistently prioritised patient outcomes (PS 100.0, 95%CI: 86.2–100.0), patient engagement (PS 93.9, 95%CI: 80.6–94.2), usability (PS 81.3, 95%CI: 68.8–82.5), research evidence (PS 80.4, 95%CI: 68.1–81.7) and risk (PS 75.7, 95%CI: 63.8–77.3). In Australia, clinicians favoured device attributes which facilitate increased therapy dosage (PS 79.2, 95%CI: 62.6–81.1) and encourage patient independent practice (PS 66.8, 95%CI: 52.0–69.2). In Brazil, clinicians preferred attributes enabling device use for providing clinical data (PS 67.6, 95%CI: 51.8–70.9) and conducting clinical assessments (PS 65.6, 95%CI: 50.2–68.8).

Conclusion

Clinicians prioritise patients’ needs and practical application over technical aspects of digital rehabilitation devices. Contextual factors shape clinician preferences rather than individual clinician characteristics. Future device design and research should consider preferences and influences, involving diverse stakeholders to account for context-driven variations across cultures and healthcare settings.

数字干预在康复领域越来越受欢迎。人们对影响临床医生采用率和满意度的设备功能了解有限。该领域的研究应在不同的环境中进行,以确保数字化干预不会加剧医疗保健的不平等。本研究旨在了解康复临床医生对设备属性的偏好,并进行跨文化比较。研究采用选择实验方法(最佳-最差比例)对澳大利亚和巴西的康复临床医生进行了调查。参与者完成了 10 个 "最佳-最差 "问题,并在部分平衡块设计中从 31 个属性子集中选择了最重要和最不重要的设备属性。结果采用多项式模型按国家和潜在类别进行分析。属性偏好分数 (PS) 为 0-100(从最不重要到最重要)。共有 122 名巴西临床医生和 104 名澳大利亚临床医生完成了调查。大多数受访者是物理治疗师(83%),他们在私人/自营部门(51%)从事神经系统人群的工作,拥有使用康复设备的经验(87%)。尽管不同国家和不同工作部门(公共/非营利与私营/自营/其他)的偏好存在差异,但临床医生始终优先考虑(PS 100.0,95%CI:86.2-100.0)(PS 93.9,95%CI:80.6-94.2)(PS 81.3,95%CI:68.8-82.5)、(PS 80.4,95%CI:68.1-81.7)和(PS 75.7,95%CI:63.8-77.3)在澳大利亚,临床医生更青睐有利于增加(PS 79.2,95%CI:62.6-81.1)和鼓励患者(PS 66.8,95%CI:52.0-69.2)的设备属性。在巴西,临床医生更倾向于使用设备提供(PS 67.6,95%CI:51.8-70.9)和进行(PS 65.6,95%CI:50.2-68.8)。临床医生优先考虑的是患者的需求和实际应用,而不是数字康复设备的技术方面。影响临床医生偏好的是环境因素,而非临床医生的个人特征。未来的设备设计和研究应考虑偏好和影响因素,让不同的利益相关者参与其中,以考虑不同文化和医疗环境下的环境驱动差异。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing communication and care coordination: A scoping review of encounter notification systems between emergency departments and primary care providers 加强沟通和护理协调:对急诊科和初级医疗服务提供者之间的会诊通知系统进行范围审查。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105579

Objective

This scoping review aims to explore the current state of encounter notification systems (ENS) between emergency departments (EDs) and primary care providers (PCPs), focusing on their mechanisms, effectiveness, impacts, and challenges in healthcare settings.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar to identify relevant literature on ENS between EDs and PCPs. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined criteria, and data were synthesized narratively.

Results

The initial search yielded 1,396 articles, with 29 included in the review. Studies highlighted the significance of encounter notifications in improving communication and care coordination between EDs and PCPs, leading to enhanced patient outcomes. However, challenges such as technological barriers, privacy concerns, and variations in healthcare settings were identified.

Conclusion

ENS play a crucial role in enhancing communication and care coordination between EDs and PCPs. Despite challenges, these systems offer substantial benefits and opportunities for improving patient care in the ED-primary care continuum. Future research should focus on addressing implementation barriers and evaluating long-term impacts to optimize the effectiveness of ENS in this context.

目的:本范围综述旨在探讨急诊科(ED)与初级保健提供者(PCP)之间的会诊通知系统(ENS)的现状,重点关注其在医疗机构中的机制、有效性、影响和挑战:使用 PubMed/MEDLINE 和 Google Scholar 进行了系统检索,以确定急诊科与初级保健提供者之间的 ENS 相关文献。根据预先确定的标准筛选出符合条件的研究,并对数据进行叙述性综合:结果:初步搜索共获得 1,396 篇文章,其中 29 篇被纳入综述。研究强调了会诊通知在改善急诊室和初级保健医生之间的沟通和护理协调方面的重要性,从而提高了患者的治疗效果。然而,研究也发现了一些挑战,如技术障碍、隐私问题和医疗环境的差异:ENS 在加强急诊室与初级保健医生之间的沟通和护理协调方面发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管存在挑战,但这些系统仍为改善急诊室-初级保健连续性中的患者护理带来了巨大的益处和机遇。未来的研究应侧重于解决实施障碍和评估长期影响,以优化 ENS 在这方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial intelligence prediction of In-Hospital mortality in patients with dementia: A multi-center study 人工智能预测痴呆症患者的院内死亡率:一项多中心研究
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105590

Background

Prediction of mortality is very important for care planning in hospitalized patients with dementia and artificial intelligence has the potential to serve as a solution; however, this issue remains unclear. Thus, this study was conducted to elucidate this matter.

Methods

We identified 10,573 hospitalized patients aged ≥ 45 years with dementia from three hospitals between 2010 and 2020 for this study. Utilizing 44 feature variables extracted from electronic medical records, an artificial intelligence (AI) model was constructed to predict death during hospitalization. The data was randomly separated into 70 % training set and 30 % testing set. We compared predictive accuracy among six algorithms including logistic regression, random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM). Additionally, another set of data collected in 2021 was used as the validation set to assess the performance of six algorithms.

Results

The average age was 79.8 years, with females constituting 54.5 % of the sample. The in-hospital mortality rate was 6.7 %. LightGBM exhibited the highest area under the curve (0.991) for predicting mortality compared to other algorithms (XGBoost: 0.987, random forest: 0.985, logistic regression: 0.918, MLP: 0.898, SVM: 0.897). The accuracy, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of LightGBM were 0.943, 0.944, 0.943, 0.542, and 0.996, respectively. Among the features in LightGBM, the three most important variables were the Glasgow Coma Scale, respiratory rate, and blood urea nitrogen. In the validation set, the area under the curve of LightGBM reached 0.753.

Conclusions

The AI prediction model demonstrates strong accuracy in predicting in-hospital mortality among patients with dementia, suggesting its potential implementation to enhance future care quality.

背景预测死亡率对住院痴呆症患者的护理计划非常重要,人工智能有可能成为一种解决方案;然而,这一问题仍不清楚。因此,我们开展了这项研究来阐明这一问题。方法我们在 2010 年至 2020 年间从三家医院确定了 10,573 名年龄≥45 岁的住院痴呆症患者作为研究对象。利用从电子病历中提取的 44 个特征变量,构建了一个人工智能(AI)模型来预测住院期间的死亡。数据被随机分为 70% 的训练集和 30% 的测试集。我们比较了六种算法的预测准确性,包括逻辑回归、随机森林、极梯度提升(XGBoost)、轻梯度提升机(LightGBM)、多层感知器(MLP)和支持向量机(SVM)。此外,2021 年收集的另一组数据被用作验证集,以评估六种算法的性能。结果平均年龄为 79.8 岁,女性占样本的 54.5%。院内死亡率为 6.7%。与其他算法(XGBoost:0.987;随机森林:0.985;逻辑回归:0.991)相比,LightGBM 预测死亡率的曲线下面积(0.991)最高:0.985、逻辑回归:0.918、MLP:0.898、SVM:0.897)。LightGBM 的准确度、灵敏度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为 0.943、0.944、0.943、0.542 和 0.996。在 LightGBM 的特征中,最重要的三个变量是格拉斯哥昏迷量表、呼吸频率和血尿素氮。在验证集中,LightGBM 的曲线下面积达到了 0.753。结论人工智能预测模型在预测痴呆症患者的院内死亡率方面表现出了很高的准确性,这表明该模型的应用有望提高未来的护理质量。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Medical Informatics
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