Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing最新文献_第5页

Prevalence of Pre-Hypertension/Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Adults in the Wolaita Zone of Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study 埃塞俄比亚南部 Wolaita 地区成人高血压前期/高血压患病率及其相关因素：横断面研究

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 Medicine

Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing

Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241246968

Eshetu Elfios Endrias, Teketel Tesfaye Mamito, Temesgen Geta Hardido, Bizuayehu Atinafu Ataro

Preventing the development of high blood pressure and resulting complication requires estimating the prevalence of prehypertension/hypertension and identifying associated risk factors. Information about pre-hypertension/hypertension in Ethiopia, especially in the southern region, is scarce, and limited knowledge exists regarding the prevalence and risk factors associated with pre-hypertension/hypertension. Objective of this study was to assess prevalence of pre-hypertension/hypertension and its associated factors among adults in Wolaita Zone of Southern Ethiopia, 2023. This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults attending outpatient departments in governmental hospitals in South Ethiopia in 2023. Face-to-face interviews were used to gather information on sociodemographic data, dietary and behavioral patterns, and medical history. Digital weighing scales, Stadiometers, and digital sphygmomanometers were used to measure height, blood pressure, and weight, respectively. Epi-Data version 3.1 was used to enter the data before exporting it to SPSS version 25 for analysis. To find factors associated with prehypertension/hypertension, binary logistic regressions were conducted and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were computed. The overall prevalence of prehypertension/hypertension was 42.8% (95% confidence interval: 39.56, 49.47). Factors associated with prehypertension/hypertension in this study were older age, male gender, obesity, diabetes mellitus comorbidity, alcohol drinking, and family history of hypertension. Lifestyle modification is demanded for pre-hypertensive/hypertensive patients to prevent progression to severe complications, including premature death and permanent disabilities.

要预防高血压及其并发症的发生，就必须估计高血压前期/高血压的发病率，并确定相关的风险因素。在埃塞俄比亚，尤其是在南部地区，有关高血压前期/高血压的信息很少，对高血压前期/高血压的患病率和相关风险因素的了解也很有限。本研究旨在评估 2023 年埃塞俄比亚南部 Wolaita 区成年人中高血压前期/高血压的患病率及其相关因素。这项横断面研究的对象是 2023 年在埃塞俄比亚南部政府医院门诊部就诊的成年人。研究人员通过面对面访谈收集了有关社会人口学数据、饮食和行为模式以及病史的信息。数字体重秤、血压计和数字血压计分别用于测量身高、血压和体重。使用 Epi-Data 3.1 版输入数据，然后导出到 SPSS 25 版进行分析。为了找出与高血压前期/高血压相关的因素，研究人员进行了二元逻辑回归，并计算了几率比和 95% 的置信区间。高血压前期/高血压的总体患病率为 42.8%（95% 置信区间：39.56, 49.47）。在本研究中，与高血压前期/高血压相关的因素有年龄偏大、男性、肥胖、合并糖尿病、饮酒和高血压家族史。高血压前期/高血压患者需要改变生活方式，以防止恶化为严重并发症，包括过早死亡和终身残疾。

{"title":"Prevalence of Pre-Hypertension/Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Adults in the Wolaita Zone of Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Eshetu Elfios Endrias, Teketel Tesfaye Mamito, Temesgen Geta Hardido, Bizuayehu Atinafu Ataro","doi":"10.1177/00469580241246968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241246968","url":null,"abstract":"Preventing the development of high blood pressure and resulting complication requires estimating the prevalence of prehypertension/hypertension and identifying associated risk factors. Information about pre-hypertension/hypertension in Ethiopia, especially in the southern region, is scarce, and limited knowledge exists regarding the prevalence and risk factors associated with pre-hypertension/hypertension. Objective of this study was to assess prevalence of pre-hypertension/hypertension and its associated factors among adults in Wolaita Zone of Southern Ethiopia, 2023. This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults attending outpatient departments in governmental hospitals in South Ethiopia in 2023. Face-to-face interviews were used to gather information on sociodemographic data, dietary and behavioral patterns, and medical history. Digital weighing scales, Stadiometers, and digital sphygmomanometers were used to measure height, blood pressure, and weight, respectively. Epi-Data version 3.1 was used to enter the data before exporting it to SPSS version 25 for analysis. To find factors associated with prehypertension/hypertension, binary logistic regressions were conducted and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were computed. The overall prevalence of prehypertension/hypertension was 42.8% (95% confidence interval: 39.56, 49.47). Factors associated with prehypertension/hypertension in this study were older age, male gender, obesity, diabetes mellitus comorbidity, alcohol drinking, and family history of hypertension. Lifestyle modification is demanded for pre-hypertensive/hypertensive patients to prevent progression to severe complications, including premature death and permanent disabilities.","PeriodicalId":54976,"journal":{"name":"Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140630692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Related to Chemotherapy Among Cancer Patients 癌症患者对化疗的认识、态度和做法

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 Medicine

Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing

Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241246460

Muzna Suhail, Fabeha Saulat, Hira Khurram, Farzeen Fatima, Atia Zenab, Mehak Wasim, Noor-ul-ain Sadia, Fasiha Afzaal, Hamid Latif, Muhammad Nasrullah

Cancer is a leading cause of death, with a rapidly increasing global burden. Chemotherapy is the most effective cancer treatment, and with its benefits, there exist potential problems. The present study assesses cancer patients’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward chemotherapy use. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the oncology wards of various tertiary care hospitals and cancer care centers in Lahore, Pakistan. Patients were included in the study based on convenient sampling. A structured questionnaire with 25 (close-ended) questions and a demographic profile was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze frequencies and percentages. Independent sample t-test and ANOVA were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation. Most patients were females (54%) and married (52.6%), with an unemployment rate of 39%. Patients with higher education depicted significantly higher scores in knowledge (9.61 ± 2.65), attitude (19.37 ± 2.70), and practice (3.89 ± 1.03) domains. Surprisingly, throughout the whole KAP domain, the patient’s attitude (18.42 ± 3.31) toward chemotherapy use, showed higher values, as compared to their knowledge (7.78 ± 3.26) and practice (3.66 ± 1.08) scores. The majority of the study participants had a positive attitude toward chemotherapy use, with limited knowledge, and practice.

癌症是导致死亡的主要原因之一，其全球负担正在迅速加重。化疗是最有效的癌症治疗方法，在带来好处的同时，也存在潜在的问题。本研究对癌症患者使用化疗的知识、态度和做法进行了评估。本研究在巴基斯坦拉合尔多家三甲医院和癌症护理中心的肿瘤病房进行了一项描述性横断面研究。研究以方便抽样的方式纳入了患者。研究使用了一份包含 25 个（封闭式）问题的结构化问卷和一份人口统计学概况来收集数据。描述性统计用于分析频率和百分比。独立样本 t 检验和方差分析用于计算平均数和标准差。大多数患者为女性（54%），已婚（52.6%），失业率为 39%。受过高等教育的患者在知识（9.61 ± 2.65）、态度（19.37 ± 2.70）和实践（3.89 ± 1.03）方面的得分明显更高。令人惊讶的是，在整个 KAP 领域中，患者对化疗的态度（18.42 ± 3.31）得分高于其知识（7.78 ± 3.26）和实践（3.66 ± 1.08）得分。大多数研究参与者对化疗持积极态度，而对化疗的了解和实践有限。

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Related to Chemotherapy Among Cancer Patients","authors":"Muzna Suhail, Fabeha Saulat, Hira Khurram, Farzeen Fatima, Atia Zenab, Mehak Wasim, Noor-ul-ain Sadia, Fasiha Afzaal, Hamid Latif, Muhammad Nasrullah","doi":"10.1177/00469580241246460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241246460","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a leading cause of death, with a rapidly increasing global burden. Chemotherapy is the most effective cancer treatment, and with its benefits, there exist potential problems. The present study assesses cancer patients’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward chemotherapy use. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the oncology wards of various tertiary care hospitals and cancer care centers in Lahore, Pakistan. Patients were included in the study based on convenient sampling. A structured questionnaire with 25 (close-ended) questions and a demographic profile was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze frequencies and percentages. Independent sample t-test and ANOVA were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation. Most patients were females (54%) and married (52.6%), with an unemployment rate of 39%. Patients with higher education depicted significantly higher scores in knowledge (9.61 ± 2.65), attitude (19.37 ± 2.70), and practice (3.89 ± 1.03) domains. Surprisingly, throughout the whole KAP domain, the patient’s attitude (18.42 ± 3.31) toward chemotherapy use, showed higher values, as compared to their knowledge (7.78 ± 3.26) and practice (3.66 ± 1.08) scores. The majority of the study participants had a positive attitude toward chemotherapy use, with limited knowledge, and practice.","PeriodicalId":54976,"journal":{"name":"Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","volume":"2020 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Healthcare Access Worsened for Women in Precarious Housing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study 在 COVID-19 大流行期间，居住在危房中的妇女获得医疗保健的机会减少了：定性研究

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 Medicine

Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing

Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241246478

Irem Sevik, Meltem Ciceklioglu

This research aims to gain an in-depth understanding of precariously housed women’s experiences related to health and access to health care during the COVID-19 pandemic using a grounded theory approach. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with 17 precariously housed women from Izmir, Turkey. Poor health among most participants was primarily attributed to unfavorable living conditions and weakened community networks. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing health issues due to barriers in accessing basic needs. Food insecurity was widespread during the pandemic and the critical role of aid and the inadequacy of social assistance in securing food were emphasized. Women’s health perceptions were significantly shaped by gender, and gendered caregiving duties have restricted women’s healthcare access. Access to healthcare was also limited by financial challenges, with health insurance being a crucial determinant. Longer waiting times, often exacerbated by the appointment system, and language were significant barriers to healthcare access. The findings propose that the participants were precarized by the blindness of COVID-19 measures to vulnerabilities, which resulted in deeper inequalities in housing, food, employment, and healthcare access. This research addresses the political, commercial, and social determinants of precariously housed women’s health. Improving precariously housed women’s health and wellbeing requires implementation of public policies targeting to improve housing quality, provide targeted assistance to food insecurity, promote gender inclusiveness, and foster gender empowerment.

本研究旨在采用基础理论方法，深入了解在 COVID-19 大流行期间，窘迫住房妇女在健康和获得医疗服务方面的经历。本研究通过对土耳其伊兹密尔的 17 名危房妇女进行访谈，获得了定性数据。大多数参与者的健康状况不佳主要归因于不利的生活条件和社区网络的削弱。由于在获取基本需求方面存在障碍，COVID-19 大流行加剧了现有的健康问题。在大流行病期间，粮食无保障的情况十分普遍，与会者强调了援助的关键作用以及社会援助在确保粮食供应方面的不足。妇女的健康观念在很大程度上受到性别的影响，性别照料责任限制了妇女获得医疗保健的机会。获得医疗保健的机会也受到经济困难的限制，医疗保险是一个重要的决定因素。较长的等待时间（往往因预约制度而加剧）和语言是获得医疗服务的重大障碍。研究结果表明，由于 COVID-19 测量方法对脆弱性视而不见，导致参与者在住房、食品、就业和获得医疗服务方面存在更深层次的不平等。这项研究探讨了住房岌岌可危妇女健康的政治、商业和社会决定因素。要改善住房岌岌可危的妇女的健康和福祉，就必须实施以提高住房质量为目标的公共政策，针对粮食不安全问题提供有针对性的援助，促进性别包容，并推动性别赋权。

{"title":"Healthcare Access Worsened for Women in Precarious Housing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Irem Sevik, Meltem Ciceklioglu","doi":"10.1177/00469580241246478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241246478","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to gain an in-depth understanding of precariously housed women’s experiences related to health and access to health care during the COVID-19 pandemic using a grounded theory approach. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with 17 precariously housed women from Izmir, Turkey. Poor health among most participants was primarily attributed to unfavorable living conditions and weakened community networks. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing health issues due to barriers in accessing basic needs. Food insecurity was widespread during the pandemic and the critical role of aid and the inadequacy of social assistance in securing food were emphasized. Women’s health perceptions were significantly shaped by gender, and gendered caregiving duties have restricted women’s healthcare access. Access to healthcare was also limited by financial challenges, with health insurance being a crucial determinant. Longer waiting times, often exacerbated by the appointment system, and language were significant barriers to healthcare access. The findings propose that the participants were precarized by the blindness of COVID-19 measures to vulnerabilities, which resulted in deeper inequalities in housing, food, employment, and healthcare access. This research addresses the political, commercial, and social determinants of precariously housed women’s health. Improving precariously housed women’s health and wellbeing requires implementation of public policies targeting to improve housing quality, provide targeted assistance to food insecurity, promote gender inclusiveness, and foster gender empowerment.","PeriodicalId":54976,"journal":{"name":"Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychosocial and Service Delivery Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children With Respiratory Conditions, Their Parents and Their Health Care Providers COVID-19 大流行对患有呼吸系统疾病的儿童、其父母和医疗保健提供者的心理社会影响和服务提供影响

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 Medicine

Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing

Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241246338

David B. Nicholas, Sherri Lynne Katz, Jill Ciesielski, Rosslynn T. Zulla

The COVID-19 pandemic imposed widespread impacts on the health and well-being of children with respiratory challenges and their families, as well as on the health care system that supports them. An exploratory qualitative study was undertaken to examine how the pandemic impacted families’ and health care providers’ daily lives and experiences of care. Four youth, 12 parents and 7 health care providers participated in interviews via telephone or online technology. Content analysis of transcribed interviews revealed participant experiences, including initial responses to the pandemic, adjustment to pandemic shifts, and anticipation of the future. While deleterious physical health impacts were minimal for children with pre-existing respiratory conditions, their mental health was negatively impacted by the pandemic and related health protocols. Families and health care providers experienced strain, yet demonstrated resilience. Pandemic-related shifts profoundly impacted daily life at home, school, and work. Pediatric pandemic planning in clinical care is recommended to better address the needs of children with respiratory conditions and their families as well as pediatric health care providers.

COVID-19 大流行对患有呼吸系统疾病的儿童及其家人的健康和福祉造成了广泛影响，也对为他们提供支持的医疗保健系统造成了广泛影响。我们开展了一项探索性定性研究，以探讨大流行如何影响家庭和医疗服务提供者的日常生活和护理体验。4 名青少年、12 名家长和 7 名医疗服务提供者通过电话或在线技术参与了访谈。对转录访谈内容的分析揭示了参与者的经历，包括对大流行病的最初反应、对大流行病转变的适应以及对未来的预期。虽然对患有呼吸系统疾病的儿童来说，身体健康受到的有害影响很小，但他们的心理健康却受到了大流行病和相关健康协议的负面影响。家庭和医疗服务提供者承受了压力，但也表现出了韧性。与大流行相关的变化对家庭、学校和工作场所的日常生活产生了深远影响。建议在临床护理中制定儿科大流行规划，以更好地满足呼吸系统疾病患儿及其家人和儿科医疗服务提供者的需求。

{"title":"Psychosocial and Service Delivery Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children With Respiratory Conditions, Their Parents and Their Health Care Providers","authors":"David B. Nicholas, Sherri Lynne Katz, Jill Ciesielski, Rosslynn T. Zulla","doi":"10.1177/00469580241246338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241246338","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic imposed widespread impacts on the health and well-being of children with respiratory challenges and their families, as well as on the health care system that supports them. An exploratory qualitative study was undertaken to examine how the pandemic impacted families’ and health care providers’ daily lives and experiences of care. Four youth, 12 parents and 7 health care providers participated in interviews via telephone or online technology. Content analysis of transcribed interviews revealed participant experiences, including initial responses to the pandemic, adjustment to pandemic shifts, and anticipation of the future. While deleterious physical health impacts were minimal for children with pre-existing respiratory conditions, their mental health was negatively impacted by the pandemic and related health protocols. Families and health care providers experienced strain, yet demonstrated resilience. Pandemic-related shifts profoundly impacted daily life at home, school, and work. Pediatric pandemic planning in clinical care is recommended to better address the needs of children with respiratory conditions and their families as well as pediatric health care providers.","PeriodicalId":54976,"journal":{"name":"Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of Protozoan Pathogens Among Diarrheic Children Under 5 Years in Public Hospital of Ethiopia During the Global COVID 19 Pandemic 全球 COVID 19 大流行期间埃塞俄比亚公立医院 5 岁以下腹泻儿童中原生动物病原体的流行情况

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 Medicine

Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241242784

Tesfaye Gobena, Dinaol Belina, Tine Hald, Sara M. Pires

Acute childhood diarrhea is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan African countries. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are the common cause of childhood diarrhea in the region. However, there are only few studies on protozoa causing diarrhea in sub-Saharan African countries. This study was conducted to investigate the relative prevalence and explore risk factors of E. histolytica and G. lamblia among diarrheic children of under 5 years in a public hospital of Ethiopia. A retrospective study was conducted among diarrheic children at Hiwot Fana hospital, Ethiopia. Records of all diarrheic children less than 5 years who had sought medical treatment in the hospital from September 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022 were included. Data were collected from 1257 medical records of the children using a structured data-collection format. Data were entered into an Excel sheet and exported into SPSS version 22 for data processing and analysis. Descriptive statistical tests, Chi-square, and logistic region analysis were applied to determine predictors of protozoa infections. Of the 1257 cases, 962 (76.5%) had watery diarrhea and the remaining 239 (19.0%) had dysentery. The combined prevalence of E. histolytica and G. lamblia among diarrheic children was 11.8% (95% CI: 9.6-13.4). As the age of children increased, the frequency of these two protozoan infections was significantly increased compared to children with other causes. There were more diarrhea cases during the summer season including those associated with E. histolytica and G. lamblia. This study revealed that 1 in 10 causes of diarhhea among young children in the study area was likely caused by E. histolytica and G. lamblia. These findings call for community-based safe water and food safety interventions in order to reduce childhood diarrhea caused by protozoan infections in resource-poor settings.

儿童急性腹泻是撒哈拉以南非洲国家儿童发病和死亡的主要原因之一。组织溶解恩塔米巴虫和蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫是该地区儿童腹泻的常见病因。然而，关于原生动物在撒哈拉以南非洲国家引起腹泻的研究却寥寥无几。本研究旨在调查埃塞俄比亚一家公立医院中 5 岁以下腹泻儿童中组织溶解性大肠杆菌和蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的相对患病率并探讨其风险因素。埃塞俄比亚 Hiwot Fana 医院对腹泻儿童进行了一项回顾性研究。研究纳入了 2020 年 9 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日期间在该医院就诊的所有 5 岁以下腹泻儿童的病历。采用结构化数据收集格式从 1257 份儿童医疗记录中收集数据。数据被输入Excel表格，并导出到SPSS 22版本中进行数据处理和分析。应用描述性统计检验、Chi-square 和 Logistic 区域分析来确定原虫感染的预测因素。在 1257 例病例中，962 例（76.5%）为水样腹泻，其余 239 例（19.0%）为痢疾。在腹泻儿童中，组织溶解性大肠杆菌和蓝氏大肠杆菌的合计感染率为 11.8%（95% CI：9.6-13.4）。随着儿童年龄的增长，这两种原生动物感染的频率明显高于因其他原因感染的儿童。夏季的腹泻病例较多，其中包括与组织溶解性大肠杆菌和羊角风杆菌相关的病例。这项研究显示，在研究地区的幼儿中，每 10 个腹泻病因中就有 1 个可能是由组织溶解痢疾杆菌和羊膜蛆引起的。这些研究结果呼吁采取以社区为基础的安全饮用水和食品安全干预措施，以减少在资源匮乏的环境中由原生动物感染引起的儿童腹泻。

{"title":"Prevalence of Protozoan Pathogens Among Diarrheic Children Under 5 Years in Public Hospital of Ethiopia During the Global COVID 19 Pandemic","authors":"Tesfaye Gobena, Dinaol Belina, Tine Hald, Sara M. Pires","doi":"10.1177/00469580241242784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241242784","url":null,"abstract":"Acute childhood diarrhea is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan African countries. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are the common cause of childhood diarrhea in the region. However, there are only few studies on protozoa causing diarrhea in sub-Saharan African countries. This study was conducted to investigate the relative prevalence and explore risk factors of E. histolytica and G. lamblia among diarrheic children of under 5 years in a public hospital of Ethiopia. A retrospective study was conducted among diarrheic children at Hiwot Fana hospital, Ethiopia. Records of all diarrheic children less than 5 years who had sought medical treatment in the hospital from September 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022 were included. Data were collected from 1257 medical records of the children using a structured data-collection format. Data were entered into an Excel sheet and exported into SPSS version 22 for data processing and analysis. Descriptive statistical tests, Chi-square, and logistic region analysis were applied to determine predictors of protozoa infections. Of the 1257 cases, 962 (76.5%) had watery diarrhea and the remaining 239 (19.0%) had dysentery. The combined prevalence of E. histolytica and G. lamblia among diarrheic children was 11.8% (95% CI: 9.6-13.4). As the age of children increased, the frequency of these two protozoan infections was significantly increased compared to children with other causes. There were more diarrhea cases during the summer season including those associated with E. histolytica and G. lamblia. This study revealed that 1 in 10 causes of diarhhea among young children in the study area was likely caused by E. histolytica and G. lamblia. These findings call for community-based safe water and food safety interventions in order to reduce childhood diarrhea caused by protozoan infections in resource-poor settings.","PeriodicalId":54976,"journal":{"name":"Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation and Comparison of Relaxation-Related Workplace Interventions Among Office Workers at an Insurance Institution: An Intervention Study 评估和比较某保险机构办公室工作人员在工作场所采取的与放松有关的干预措施：干预研究

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 Medicine

Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241242793

Heidi Lehmann, Nelly Otte, Thomas Kraus, André Esser, Julia Krabbe

Relaxation-related workplace interventions can be counterstrategies for stress due to office work and should be evaluated for success after implementation. This study reports on the evaluation and comparison of 3 relaxation techniques introduced as an intervention for health promotion. A Germany-wide multicenter evaluation of a 3-month relaxation intervention (30 min, once a week) including autogenic training, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) or Tai Chi was conducted at 14 locations as an intervention study. Anonymous questionnaires ( n = 244) were used to collect self-reports of perceived stress after the courses. Status before the courses (pre) and after completion (post) were reported at the end of the intervention. All 3 relaxation techniques were able to improve the subjective perception of stress (SPS) score. Autogenic training was reported to improve all singular items with large effects, whereas only 2 items showed change for Tai Chi and none for PMR. Singular items were also influenced by the location of the courses. All 3 methods were able to improve stress-related outcomes in terms of stress perception and individual aspects of stress management. For this specific intervention autogenic training yielded the largest and wide-ranging effects. Tai Chi was also effective, but additional effect due to an associated increase in physical activity were not found. For a workplace intervention PMR could not be recommended based on this study. The literature on workplace interventions is surprisingly scarce, and future studies should focus on the selection of appropriate participants while avoiding potential bias.

与放松相关的工作场所干预措施可以作为应对办公室工作压力的对策，并应在实施后对其成功与否进行评估。本研究对作为健康促进干预措施而引入的 3 种放松技术进行了评估和比较。作为一项干预研究，在德国 14 个地点对为期 3 个月的放松干预（每周一次，每次 30 分钟）进行了多中心评估，其中包括自发训练、渐进式肌肉放松（PMR）或太极。匿名问卷（n = 244）用于收集课程结束后的自我压力感知报告。在干预结束时，报告了课程前（前）和课程完成后（后）的状况。所有三种放松技巧都能改善压力主观感受（SPS）得分。据报告，自生训练对所有单项都有很大的改善作用，而太极拳只有 2 个单项有变化，PMR 则没有。单项项目还受到课程地点的影响。在压力感知和压力管理的个人方面，这三种方法都能改善与压力有关的结果。在这一特定干预中，自生训练产生的效果最大、范围最广。太极拳也很有效，但没有发现因增加体育锻炼而产生的额外效果。根据这项研究，无法推荐 PMR 作为工作场所干预措施。有关工作场所干预的文献少得令人吃惊，今后的研究应侧重于选择合适的参与者，同时避免潜在的偏见。

{"title":"Evaluation and Comparison of Relaxation-Related Workplace Interventions Among Office Workers at an Insurance Institution: An Intervention Study","authors":"Heidi Lehmann, Nelly Otte, Thomas Kraus, André Esser, Julia Krabbe","doi":"10.1177/00469580241242793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241242793","url":null,"abstract":"Relaxation-related workplace interventions can be counterstrategies for stress due to office work and should be evaluated for success after implementation. This study reports on the evaluation and comparison of 3 relaxation techniques introduced as an intervention for health promotion. A Germany-wide multicenter evaluation of a 3-month relaxation intervention (30 min, once a week) including autogenic training, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) or Tai Chi was conducted at 14 locations as an intervention study. Anonymous questionnaires ( n = 244) were used to collect self-reports of perceived stress after the courses. Status before the courses (pre) and after completion (post) were reported at the end of the intervention. All 3 relaxation techniques were able to improve the subjective perception of stress (SPS) score. Autogenic training was reported to improve all singular items with large effects, whereas only 2 items showed change for Tai Chi and none for PMR. Singular items were also influenced by the location of the courses. All 3 methods were able to improve stress-related outcomes in terms of stress perception and individual aspects of stress management. For this specific intervention autogenic training yielded the largest and wide-ranging effects. Tai Chi was also effective, but additional effect due to an associated increase in physical activity were not found. For a workplace intervention PMR could not be recommended based on this study. The literature on workplace interventions is surprisingly scarce, and future studies should focus on the selection of appropriate participants while avoiding potential bias.","PeriodicalId":54976,"journal":{"name":"Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacovigilance Concept Knowledge, Perspectives and Attitudes: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Community Pharmacists 药物警戒概念的知识、观点和态度：社区药剂师的横断面研究

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 Medicine

Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing

Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241246464

Mohammad Abu Assab, Hamza Alhamad, Fares Albahar, Wael Abu Dayyih, Soumaia Echarif, Hanadi Abu Assab

The concept of pharmacovigilance (PV) is currently highlighted after emergency authorization and worldwide distribution of the urgently launched COVID-19 novel vaccinations. As they typically serve as the initial point of patient contact for medication-related issues, understanding the knowledge, perspectives, and attitudes of community pharmacists in PV and reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is crucial to improving the healthcare system and public health policies. However, previous studies in Jordan have not focused entirely on community pharmacists. This study aimed to assess community pharmacists’ knowledge, perspectives, and attitudes on PV and ADRs reporting in Jordan. The applied methodology in this study was based on a cross-sectional study design using a validated questionnaire distributed to a convenient sample of Jordanian community pharmacists. Seventeen questions were designed from different pieces of literature relating to knowledge, perspectives, and attitudes of PV among community pharmacists. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were used to report the results data. The study questionnaire was completed by 180 of 325 community pharmacists willing to participate (a response rate of 55.4%). Of them (n = 132, 73%) were aware of the concept of PV. Additionally (n = 84, 47%) of the community pharmacists would use the concept and policy of PV in their everyday work. Nevertheless, only (n = 36, 20.0%) of the community pharmacists thought an ADR should be reported if seen, and approximately 120 pharmacists (67.0%) believed it was essential to report ADRs as patient health matters. Although community pharmacists in Jordan showed a considerable awareness level of PV, they demonstrated a low level of its application. Thus, ADR reporting is not considered a mainstay among them, and the implementation of PV is not yet addressed. The results from this study shed light on community pharmacists’ perceptions and attitudes regarding ADR reporting and PV.

目前，药物警戒（PV）的概念在紧急授权并在全球范围内分发紧急上市的 COVID-19 新型疫苗后得到了强调。由于社区药剂师通常是患者在遇到药物相关问题时的第一联系人，因此了解社区药剂师在药物警戒和报告药物不良反应 (ADR) 方面的知识、观点和态度对于改善医疗保健系统和公共卫生政策至关重要。然而，约旦以往的研究并不完全关注社区药剂师。本研究旨在评估约旦社区药剂师在 PV 和 ADR 报告方面的知识、观点和态度。本研究采用的方法是横断面研究设计，向方便抽样的约旦社区药剂师发放经过验证的调查问卷。根据与社区药剂师对药物不良反应的认识、观点和态度有关的不同文献，设计了 17 个问题。采用描述性统计（频率和百分比）来报告结果数据。在 325 名愿意参与研究的社区药剂师中，有 180 人填写了调查问卷（回复率为 55.4%）。其中（n = 132，73%）药剂师了解自制药物的概念。此外，84 名社区药剂师（占 47%）会在日常工作中使用自愿量表的概念和政策。然而，只有（36 人，20.0%）的社区药剂师认为如果发现 ADR 就应上报，约 120 名药剂师（67.0%）认为上报 ADR 对患者健康至关重要。尽管约旦的社区药剂师对 PV 有相当高的认识水平，但他们对其应用水平较低。因此，ADR 报告在他们中间并未被视为主流，而 PV 的实施也尚未得到解决。这项研究的结果揭示了社区药剂师对 ADR 报告和 PV 的看法和态度。

{"title":"Pharmacovigilance Concept Knowledge, Perspectives and Attitudes: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Community Pharmacists","authors":"Mohammad Abu Assab, Hamza Alhamad, Fares Albahar, Wael Abu Dayyih, Soumaia Echarif, Hanadi Abu Assab","doi":"10.1177/00469580241246464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241246464","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of pharmacovigilance (PV) is currently highlighted after emergency authorization and worldwide distribution of the urgently launched COVID-19 novel vaccinations. As they typically serve as the initial point of patient contact for medication-related issues, understanding the knowledge, perspectives, and attitudes of community pharmacists in PV and reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is crucial to improving the healthcare system and public health policies. However, previous studies in Jordan have not focused entirely on community pharmacists. This study aimed to assess community pharmacists’ knowledge, perspectives, and attitudes on PV and ADRs reporting in Jordan. The applied methodology in this study was based on a cross-sectional study design using a validated questionnaire distributed to a convenient sample of Jordanian community pharmacists. Seventeen questions were designed from different pieces of literature relating to knowledge, perspectives, and attitudes of PV among community pharmacists. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were used to report the results data. The study questionnaire was completed by 180 of 325 community pharmacists willing to participate (a response rate of 55.4%). Of them (n = 132, 73%) were aware of the concept of PV. Additionally (n = 84, 47%) of the community pharmacists would use the concept and policy of PV in their everyday work. Nevertheless, only (n = 36, 20.0%) of the community pharmacists thought an ADR should be reported if seen, and approximately 120 pharmacists (67.0%) believed it was essential to report ADRs as patient health matters. Although community pharmacists in Jordan showed a considerable awareness level of PV, they demonstrated a low level of its application. Thus, ADR reporting is not considered a mainstay among them, and the implementation of PV is not yet addressed. The results from this study shed light on community pharmacists’ perceptions and attitudes regarding ADR reporting and PV.","PeriodicalId":54976,"journal":{"name":"Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review: New Book Lays Out the Case for Premium Support in Medicare 书评：新书阐述了医疗保险支持保费的理由

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 Medicine

Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing

Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241234881

Casey B. Mulligan

引用次数: 0

Positive Social Mentalities and Quality of Spiritual Living in Old Age: Roles of Social Participation and Life Meaning. 积极的社会心态与老年精神生活质量：社会参与和生活意义的作用

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241282061

Yifu Wang, Qian Xu, Hemei Tian, Peihao Yin

Quality of spiritual living (QSL) in old age is closely related to the health and well-being of older adults. It is necessary to explore the psychosocial factors and mechanisms that affect the QSL of older adults. The researchers investigated 512 older Chinese people using the positive social mentalities scale, social participation scale, sense of life meaning scale, and spiritual living self-assessment questionnaire. (1) Positive social mentalities (PSMs), social participation (SP), and life meaning (LM) had significant positive correlations with QSL of older adults; (2) SP and LM had serial mediating effects between PSMs and QSL. PSMs influenced QSL through the serial mediating effects of SP and LM. It revealed the critical psychosocial factors and the mechanism affecting QSL in old age, which can provide scientific reference for implementing an active aging strategy.

老年精神生活质量（QSL）与老年人的健康和福祉密切相关。有必要探讨影响老年人精神生活质量的社会心理因素和机制。研究人员使用积极社会心态量表、社会参与量表、生命意义感量表和精神生活自评问卷对 512 名中国老年人进行了调查。(结果表明：（1）积极社会心态（PSMs）、社会参与（SP）和生命意义（LM）与老年人的精神生活自评呈显著正相关；（2）社会参与和生命意义在积极社会心态和精神生活自评之间具有序列中介效应。PSMs 通过 SP 和 LM 的序列中介效应影响 QSL。该研究揭示了影响老年 QSL 的关键社会心理因素和机制，可为实施积极老龄化战略提供科学参考。

引用次数: 0

Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) and Its Influence on Patient Compliance With Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. 慢性病护理患者评估（PACIC）及其对高血压患者依从性的影响：一项横断面研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241277445

Chi Zhou, Fang Tan, Si Hong Lai, Jing Chun Chen, Chao Yi Chen, Gao Feng Zhang, Yin Dong

The Chronic Care Model (CCM) is a framework that supports the proactive, planned, coordinated and patient-centered care of chronic diseases. The Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) scale is a valuable tool for evaluating patients' perspectives on chronic care delivery based on the CCM. Few studies have examined its application in China. This study assesses hypertension care in Chinese patients and explores how PACIC scores relate to patient compliance. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hangzhou, China, from June to August 2021, including 253 hypertensive patients from 5 county hospitals and 13 primary healthcare centers. The study used the PACIC scale to assess hypertension care delivery and the Compliance of Hypertensive Patients scale (CHPS) to measure patient compliance. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between demographic characteristics and the total and domain scores of PACIC, as well as the association between CHPS and the domain scores of PACIC. The mean value of overall the PACIC score was 3.12 (out of 5). Problem solving/contextual domain had the highest average score for each item, while follow up/coordination domain had the lowest. Patient activation had negative effects on intention (β = -.18, P < .05), attitude (β = -.21, P < .05), responsibility (β = -.17, P < .05), and the total score of CHPS (β = -.24, P < .01). Delivery system design/decision support was negatively associated with lifestyle (β = -.21, P < .05) and the total score of CHPS (β = -.26, P < .01). Hypertensive patients perceived that they sometimes received hypertension care consistent with the CCM in Chinese primary healthcare settings. A higher level of PACIC score was beneficial for improving hypertensive patient compliance.

慢性病护理模式（CCM）是一个支持积极主动、有计划、协调一致和以患者为中心的慢性病护理的框架。患者慢性病护理评估量表（PACIC）是评估患者对基于 CCM 的慢性病护理服务看法的重要工具。但很少有研究探讨其在中国的应用。本研究评估了中国患者的高血压护理情况，并探讨了 PACIC 评分与患者依从性之间的关系。这项横断面研究于 2021 年 6 月至 8 月在中国杭州进行，包括来自 5 家县级医院和 13 家基层医疗中心的 253 名高血压患者。研究使用 PACIC 量表评估高血压护理服务，并使用高血压患者依从性量表（CHPS）测量患者依从性。研究采用多元线性回归分析来探讨人口统计学特征与 PACIC 总分和领域分之间的关系，以及 CHPS 与 PACIC 领域分之间的关系。PACIC 总分的平均值为 3.12（满分 5 分）。解决问题/情境领域各项目平均得分最高，而随访/协调领域得分最低。患者激活对治疗意向有负面影响（β = -.18, P P P P P P

{"title":"Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) and Its Influence on Patient Compliance With Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Chi Zhou, Fang Tan, Si Hong Lai, Jing Chun Chen, Chao Yi Chen, Gao Feng Zhang, Yin Dong","doi":"10.1177/00469580241277445","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00469580241277445","url":null,"abstract":"The Chronic Care Model (CCM) is a framework that supports the proactive, planned, coordinated and patient-centered care of chronic diseases. The Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) scale is a valuable tool for evaluating patients' perspectives on chronic care delivery based on the CCM. Few studies have examined its application in China. This study assesses hypertension care in Chinese patients and explores how PACIC scores relate to patient compliance. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hangzhou, China, from June to August 2021, including 253 hypertensive patients from 5 county hospitals and 13 primary healthcare centers. The study used the PACIC scale to assess hypertension care delivery and the Compliance of Hypertensive Patients scale (CHPS) to measure patient compliance. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between demographic characteristics and the total and domain scores of PACIC, as well as the association between CHPS and the domain scores of PACIC. The mean value of overall the PACIC score was 3.12 (out of 5). Problem solving/contextual domain had the highest average score for each item, while follow up/coordination domain had the lowest. Patient activation had negative effects on intention (β = -.18, P < .05), attitude (β = -.21, P < .05), responsibility (β = -.17, P < .05), and the total score of CHPS (β = -.24, P < .01). Delivery system design/decision support was negatively associated with lifestyle (β = -.21, P < .05) and the total score of CHPS (β = -.26, P < .01). Hypertensive patients perceived that they sometimes received hypertension care consistent with the CCM in Chinese primary healthcare settings. A higher level of PACIC score was beneficial for improving hypertensive patient compliance.","PeriodicalId":54976,"journal":{"name":"Inquiry-The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","volume":"61 ","pages":"469580241277445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0