Informatics for Health & Social Care最新文献

Even though patient portals are recognized as a promising mechanism to support greater patient engagement, questions remain about access and utilization. This study aims to identify factors related to portal adoption in 2019 and 2020 (before and during the COVID-19). Cross-sectional data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) cycles- 2019 HINTS 5 cycle 3 (N = 5,438) and 2020 HINTS 5 cycle 4 (N = 3,865) were analyzed using STATA-SE version 17 to factors predicting portal adoption. Next, HINTS 5 cycles 3 and 4 were pooled to identify changes in portal feature use and ease of usage among portal users, and barrier to portal use among non-users. Respondents who were college graduates, high income, and married were more likely to adopt patient portals during 2019 and 2020. Aged 75+ and Hispanic respondents reported less frequency of portal access in 2020 versus 2019. Men were more likely to adopt patient portals in 2019 versus women in 2020. Portal users were more likely to use the portal-system features in 2019 versus 2020. Portal non-users reported having multiple-health records as less of a barrier in 2020 compared to 2019. Patient engagement needs heightened attention during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Stereopsis is the three-dimensional perception capability, which is possible when binocular vision is present. Development of binocular vision system ends around 7-year-old, and after this time brain connections are already set, therefore, it will be difficult to recover stereopsis. Early diagnosis of Stereoscopic Visual Alterations (SVA) in the childhood is paramount to receive an appropriate treatment as soon as possible. Currently, to detect SVA, ophthalmologists commonly carry out tests based on cards. All these tests are based on the random-dot-stereogram principle, with different seconds of arc images, which allows doctors to graduate stereopsis. Some limits of this tests have been identified, such as monocular clues (e.g., the contours of the objects), or the non-standardized range levels depending on the test. This paper presents a novel concept of measuring stereopsis based on computer vision techniques. The system detects SVA in patients and calculates the degree of the perceived depth. As early diagnosis of SVA may suppose a therapeutic possibility, this platform is aimed at children by using stereoscopic models with varied and attractive designs. To validate the proposal, an early-stage prototype has been implemented and an objective evaluation of the measurement accuracy and reliability has been carried out with satisfactory results.

This study aimed to identify, synthesize, and evaluate the current state of research on the use of technology-based interventions in clinical psychology through 2017 as a recent innovative area of study. It was intended to provide a critical overview of trends in different tools and populations and identify future areas of interest. This paper focuses on studies published in psychological interventions in childhood, adolescents, adults, and geriatric populations using new technologies, including web-based intervention, virtual reality, augmented reality, mobile applications, and robotics, with particular attention to methodology. To achieve this aim, a systematic search was made in the ISI Web of Science for intervention, psychology, and the technological tools previously mentioned. The results of the study show that the use of information and communication technologies in psychology has been an innovative and growing field of study for the last 10 years. In total, 743 were included in this study. A growing trend has been observed in publications related to psychology and the use of technologies since 2007. Resea0rch topics were focused mainly on interventions on specific problems or disorders such as depression. The largest number of publications were found for the web-based intervention, in randomized clinical trials and applied to adults.

Smart Home Technology presents an exciting opportunity to support seniors living independently in their homes. Despite widespread interest in Smart Homes, seniors' readiness to adopt Smart Home Technology is low. To determine the factors underpinning Australian seniors' acceptance and adoption of Smart Home Technology using an extended UTAUT model that includes Trust, Resistance to Change and Technology Anxiety. A longitudinal study was conducted to validate the proposed model prior to and after the implementation of a pilot Smart Home Modification program for seniors. Structural Equation Modeling has been applied to test the proposed hypotheses using a sample of 60 seniors in regional Australia. Perceived Usefulness is an important predictor of Smart Home Technology adoption by seniors. Trust was found to indirectly predict adoption of Smart Home Technology via Perceived Usefulness. This study showed that Perceived Usefulness and Trust are critical factors for the acceptance and use of SHT by seniors, validating the extension of UTAUT with a Trust factor. This makes a unique theoretical contribution to the literature with implications for aged care providers and policymakers to consider seniors' perceived usefulness and trust in the design, development, and implementation of Smart Home solutions.

Information security and privacy are matters of concern in every industry. The healthcare sector has lagged in terms of implementing cybersecurity measures. Therefore, hospitals are more exposed to cyber events due to the criticality of patient data. Currently, little is known about state-of-the-art research on information security and privacy in hospitals. The purpose of this study is to report the outcome of a systematic literature review on research about the application of information security and privacy in hospitals. A systematic literature review following the PRISMA methodology was conducted. To reference our sample according to cybersecurity domains, we benchmarked each article against two cybersecurity frameworks: ISO 27001 Annex A and the NIST framework core. Limited articles in our papers referred to the policies and compliance sections of ISO 27001. In addition, most of our sample is classified by the NIST function "Protect," meaning activities related to identity management, access control and data security. Furthermore, we have identified key domains where research in security and privacy are critical, such as big data, IOT, cloud computing, standards and regulations. The results indicate that although cybersecurity is a growing concern in hospitals, research is still weak in some areas. Considering the recrudescence of cyber-attacks in the healthcare sector, we call for more research in hospitals in managerial and non-technical domains of information security and privacy that are uncovered by our analysis.

Feasibility and Usefulness of the Going Home Toolkit, an mHealth App, during Hospital Discharge: Patient and Clinician Perspectives. Objective Communication gaps during discharge planning contribute to post-discharge outcomes. mHealth Apps may allow health systems to provide resources to fill patients' needs. The study's purpose was to elicit feedback regarding The Going Home Toolkit (GHT), an App that aims to facilitate patient communication about discharge needs. Participants Twenty patients hospitalized within the past year, and seven case managers involved in discharge processes from an academic health sciences center. Methods Using tablets installed with the GHT prototype, remote engagement studio interviews were used to observe GHT use and perceptions about usefulness and feasibility. Results Patients successfully used the GHT to identify resources that they may not have known otherwise. Clinicians reported the GHT would support patient engagement during discharge. However, patients liked being able to search for resources, while clinicians focused on offering a list of information. This can be described as a pull vs. push approach to accessing resources. Participants recognized the GHT's unique focus on cognitive processes related to self-management vs. knowledge transfer. Conclusions The GHT represents a valuable tool for facilitating anticipatory planning and procurement of resources post-discharge. Future work should focus on refining the user interface and user experience of the app and creating seamless links to community resources.

This study presents an ontology that scopes the digital health ecosystem from a consumer-centered perspective. We used a mixed-method analysis on a set of papers collected for a comprehensive review to identify common themes, components, and patterns that repeatedly emerge within Australian-based digital health studies. Three major and four child themes were identified as the foundational aspects of the proposed ontology. The child themes have more precise concept definitions, inherited and distinguishing attributes. Out of 179 recognized concepts, 33 were related to the Healthcare theme; 23 concepts formed a cluster of employed devices under the Technology theme; 40 concepts were associated with Use and Usability factors. 60 other concepts formed the cluster of the consumer-user theme. The theme of Digital Health was seen as being connected to 2 independent clusters. The main cluster embodied 21 extracted concepts, semantically related to "data, information, and knowledge," whilst the second cluster embodied concepts related to "healthcare." Different stakeholders can utilize this ontology to define their landscape of digitally enabled healthcare. The novelty of this work resides in capturing a consumer-centered perspective and the method we used in deriving the ontology - formalizing the results of a systematic review based on data-driven analysis methods.

This study examined the feasibility of Salud Latina, a weekly synchronous online chat intervention, aimed at engaging Latinos in diabetes prevention conversations. Participants were Latino English- and Spanish-speaking individuals. Salud Latina comprised of six synchronous weekly online chats moderated by bilingual Latina moderators trained in diabetes and online engagement. Online chats used open-ended questions. We assessed feasibility, acceptability, and satisfaction of the intervention and qualitatively analyzed the chats to identify barriers and facilitators to healthy behaviors and identify types of support exchanged. Participants (N = 20) were mostly female and English/Spanish bilingual and 80% completed at least four chats. Salud Latina was acceptable, feasible and highly satisfactory. Four themes were identified: (1) barriers to engaging in healthy behaviors, (2) facilitators of healthy behaviors, (3) Salud Latina provides a community of support, and (4) the need to build a Latino culture of health. Participants recognized the importance of engaging in healthy behaviors to prevent or delay T2D. Findings provide insight in how a synchronous online chat intervention could be used to build a social media community within a Latino population to support healthy behaviors. Future research could explore combining synchronous online chats with in-person community or family-level interventions.

Shared decision making is a patient-centered clinical decision-making process that allows healthcare workers to share the existing empirical medical outcomes with patients before making critical decisions. This study aims to explore a project in a medical center of developing a mobile SDM in Taiwan. Chi Mei Medical Center developed the mobile SDM platform and conducted a survey of evaluation from healthcare workers. A three-tier platform that based on cloud infrastructure with seven functionalities was developed. The survey revealed that healthcare workers with sufficient SDM knowledge have an antecedent effect on the three perceptive factors of acceptance of mobile SDM. Resistance to change and perceived ease of use show significant effect on behavioral intention. We provided a comprehensive architecture of mobile SDM and observed the implementation in a medical center. The majority of healthcare workers expressed their acceptancem; however, resistance to change still present. It is, therefore, necessary to be eliminated by continuously promoting activities that highlight the advantages of the Mobile SDM platform. In clinical practice, we validated that the mobile SDM provides patients and their families with an easy way to express their concerns to healthcare workers improving significantly their relationship with each other.

As older adult populations rise in the United States, community-based telehealth programs are gaining momentum because of their ability to provide telehealth services for community-dwelling older adults at a lower cost compared to home-based telehealth services. The success of such community-based telehealth programs heavily depends on end-user engagement and acceptance; however, few studies to date have explored these issues. We conducted an interview study with 14 active and 3 inactive participants of a community-based Telehealth Intervention Program for Seniors (TIPS) to examine older individuals' perceived benefits and barriers to participating in community-based telehealth programs as well as strategies to improve those programs. We found that older adults had a positive experience toward the use of telehealth services in a community setting, including benefits like monitoring health status and enabling socialization. There were no perceived barriers about the telehealth program. Aspects that can be improved include facilitating the management and sharing of historical physiological data, providing additional assessments of cognitive and/or mental status, supporting self-education, and enabling more comprehensive health status tracking. We conclude this paper by discussing the implications of our results to the improvement of community-based telehealth programs for low-income, vulnerable aging populations.