Infection Genetics and Evolution最新文献_第10页

Detection of initial intra-cellular functional, structural and ultra-structural changes in virus-inoculated cells: A pilot study 检测病毒接种细胞的初始细胞内功能、结构和超结构变化：一项初步研究

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infection Genetics and Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105801

Iskra Sainova , Radka Hadjiolova , Andrey Petrov , Dimitrina Dimitrova-Dikanarova , Tzvetanka Markova

Mammalian cells from embryonic mouse 3 T3 and bovine trachea (EBTr) lines were incubated in in vitro-conditions. A sub-population of from the EBTr cells was inoculated with low initial infectious titers of the vaccine avipoxviral strains FK (fowl), and another - with vaccine avipoxviral strain Dessau (pigeon) (Poxviridae family). Analogically, a subpopulation from the 3 T3 cells was pre-incubated in cultural fluid from transfected by recombinant DNA-plasmid P3-X63-Ag8 mouse malignant myeloma cells and cocultivated with them, another – co-cultivated with the same malignant cells. Although cytopathogenic effect, cell inclusions and mature virions were not observed, different methods of microscopic observations revealed molecular, structural and ultra-structural differences in the inoculated cells compared to the non-inoculated. Light microscopy observations of fixed and semi-thin slides revealed membrane excrescences, changed cell shape, size and nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, as well as activated lipid and protein synthesis (particularly of collagen and elastin). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of ultra-thin slides indicated cytoplasmic vacuolation and granulation, changes in the cytoplasmic organelles and in the nuclear chromatin. These changes were suggested as initial markers of cell (infectious, malignant or degenerative) injury and are underlining the initial cellular protective mechanisms. As one of the manifestations of these protective systems was proposed the production of immune molecules by non-immune cells in appropriate conditions. Also, a possibility about transfer of nucleotide (DNA- and/or RNA-) fragments between cellular and viral genomes was suggested. This phenomenon is probably due to activated fusion processes on the influence of organic detergent and drastic temperature changes.

体外培养了小鼠胚胎3 T3和牛气管（EBTr）系的哺乳动物细胞。将EBTr细胞的一个亚群接种低初始感染滴度的鸟痘病毒疫苗株FK（家禽），另一个亚群接种鸟痘病毒疫苗株Dessau（鸽子）（痘病毒科）。类似地，将3个T3细胞亚群在重组dna质粒P3-X63-Ag8小鼠恶性骨髓瘤细胞培养液中预孵育，并与之共培养，另一个亚群与相同的恶性细胞共培养。虽然没有观察到细胞致病效应、细胞包涵体和成熟病毒粒子，但不同的显微镜观察方法揭示了接种细胞与未接种细胞在分子、结构和超结构上的差异。固定切片和半薄切片的光镜观察显示膜赘生物，细胞形状、大小和核质比发生变化，脂质和蛋白质合成（尤其是胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白）被激活。透射电镜（TEM）显示细胞质空泡化和肉芽化，细胞器和核染色质发生变化。这些变化被认为是细胞（感染性、恶性或退行性）损伤的初始标记，并强调了初始的细胞保护机制。非免疫细胞在适当条件下产生免疫分子是这些保护系统的表现之一。此外，还提出了核苷酸（DNA-和/或RNA-）片段在细胞和病毒基因组之间转移的可能性。这种现象可能是由于活化的熔合过程对有机洗涤剂的影响和剧烈的温度变化所致。

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引用次数: 0

The relationships of gene mutations between ESX and drug resistance in the patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in local regions of Southwest China 西南地区肺外结核患者ESX基因突变与耐药的关系

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infection Genetics and Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105799

Jiwen Fan , Haoming Feng , Dazhi Yang , Haiyang Zhao , Tao Shi , Tongxin Li

Background

Drug resistant extrapulmonary tuberculosis (DR-EPTB) is a major threat to human health. The mycobacterial ESAT-6 secretion (ESX) system is main virulence protein export system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This study aimed to determine the relationships between ESX and drug resistance (DR) in patients with DR-EPTB in local regions of Southwest China.

Methods and design

Patients were retrospectively studied from January 2020 to December 2021. All the isolates were cultured, drug susceptibility was detected, and gene mutations were detected using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The correlations between the mutant genes of the ESX system and DR pattern, patient demographics, and DR mutant gene sites were analyzed.

Results

A total of 111 patients with DR-EPTB were enrolled including 40 females and 71 males. In the five ESX systems there were 1664 gene mutation sites and ESX-3 accounted for 32.6 %. The most common mutant gene site in all the ESX systems was eccC2. There was a significant difference in the number of mutant gene sites between ESX-1 and DR (P < 0.01). There were significant correlations between the numbers of mutant gene sites in the different ESX systems and gender (P < 0.05), age group (P < 0.05), residence (P < 0.01), type of treatment (P < 0.01), lineage (P < 0.01) and cluster (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

In patients with DR-EPTB, ESX-3 was the system that included the most mutant gene sites and the eccC2 gene had the highest frequency. The gender, age group, residence, type of treatment, lineage and cluster were risk factors for gene mutations in the ESX system. The mutant gene sites of ESX-1 were correlated with those of DR and the mutations in espA and espK may be the main factors.

背景：耐药肺外结核（DR-EPTB）是威胁人类健康的主要疾病。分枝杆菌ESAT-6分泌系统（ESX）是结核分枝杆菌（MTB）主要的毒力蛋白输出系统。本研究旨在确定西南地区耐药eptb患者ESX与耐药（DR）之间的关系。方法和设计：从2020年1月至2021年12月对患者进行回顾性研究。对所有分离株进行培养、药敏检测和基因突变全基因组测序（WGS）。分析ESX系统突变基因与DR模式、患者人口统计学和DR突变基因位点之间的相关性。结果：共纳入DR-EPTB患者111例，其中女性40例，男性71例。5个ESX系统共有1664个基因突变位点，其中ESX-3占32.6 %。所有ESX系统中最常见的突变基因位点是eccC2。结论：DR- eptb患者中，ESX-3是突变基因位点最多的系统，eccC2基因频率最高。性别、年龄组、居住地、治疗类型、谱系和聚类是ESX系统基因突变的危险因素。ESX-1突变位点与DR突变位点相关，espA和espK突变可能是主要影响因素。

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引用次数: 0

Genomic characterization of a clinical Enterocloster aldenensis strain: First report in Thailand 临床aldenensis菌株的基因组特征：泰国首次报道

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infection Genetics and Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105800

Thunchanok Yaikhan , Mingkwan Yingkajorn , Worawut Duangsi-ngoen , Ei Phway Thant , Nattarika Chaichana , Sirikan Suwannasin , Kamonnut Singkhamanan , Saranyou Churi , Komwit Surachat

This study presents the first comprehensive genome analysis of Enterocloster aldenensis in Thailand, an organism typically found in the gut but occasionally acting as an opportunistic pathogen. A scrotal tissue sample from a patient with suspected Fournier's gangrene was initially collected for Bacteroides surveillance in Southern Thailand, E. aldenensis PSUA25 was identified to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and later reclassified as E. aldenensis following whole-genome sequencing. Species confirmation via Average Nucleotide Identity analysis showed 97 % identity with the representative strain. Phylogenetic analysis using all available E. aldenensis genomes revealed that strain PSU25A is closely related to AM40-2 AC—an isolate from human feces in China (NCBI BioSample: SAMN11413088) selected for comparative analysis based on high genomic similarity.

Comparative analysis revealed shared antimicrobial resistance genes, including poxtA, vanYG, vanWI, and vanTG. Unique to PSU25A were two mobile genetic elements: a conjugative transposon (Tn6009 with tetM) and a phage-associated region, suggesting horizontal gene transfer.

This study emphasizes the need for accurate microbial identification, as misidentification can impact treatment decisions. Understanding the genomic traits of E. aldenensis from specific regions provides valuable insights into its pathogenic potential.

本研究首次对泰国aldenensis肠clocloster进行了全面的基因组分析，这种生物通常存在于肠道中，但偶尔也会作为机会性病原体。在泰国南部首次收集了一名疑似富尼耶坏疽患者的阴囊组织样本用于拟杆菌监测，通过基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）鉴定了E. aldenensis PSUA25为拟杆菌thetaiotaomicron，随后通过全基因组测序将其重新分类为E. aldenensis。物种鉴定通过平均核苷酸鉴定分析显示97%的同源性。系统发育分析显示，菌株PSU25A与中国人类粪便分离株AM40-2 ac （NCBI BioSample: SAMN11413088）亲缘关系密切，具有较高的基因组相似性。比较分析发现共有的耐药基因包括poxtA、vanYG、vanWI和vanTG。PSU25A特有的两个可移动遗传元件：一个共轭转座子（Tn6009与tetM）和一个噬菌体相关区域，表明基因水平转移。这项研究强调需要准确的微生物鉴定，因为错误鉴定会影响治疗决策。了解来自特定区域的aldenensis的基因组特征为其致病潜力提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

An insight into the characterization of L2 Beijing multi-drug resistant tuberculosis: Description of resistance-associated-variants and discovery of Modern 7 L2 sublineage 北京L2多药耐药结核病的特征：耐药性相关变异的描述和现代7 L2亚谱系的发现。

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infection Genetics and Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105797

Marianne Antar Soutou , Camille Allam , Marianne Abi Fadel , Josette Najjar , Christophe Guyeux , Emmanuelle Cambau , Christophe Sola

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) complicates global efforts toward TB elimination. However, the introduction of new and repurposed drugs— particularly the all-oral BPaL regimen (bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid)—has raised hopes due to its favorable treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. Susceptibility to these new drugs may vary depending on the lineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain. Within the framework of a research project investigating the association between potential resistance-associated nucleotide variants and MTB lineages, we used the proprietary pipeline TB-Annotator to analyze 125,000 publicly available Short Read Archive datasets from NCBI.

We identified 65 mutations across 65 clonal complexes of the lineage 2 (L2), that share at least one SNP within a list of 14 genes potentially involved in drug resistance to BPaL. During this large-scale genomic screening, we identified a previously uncharacterized clonal complex of 49 SRAs that did not belong to any previously described ancient or modern L2-sublineages (modern 1 to modern 6). We therefore performed a comparative genomic analysis on a representative set of L2 isolates to fully characterize this group. These 49 SRAs are found in an independent branch of the L2 phylogenetic tree. They share 4 SNPs, including an Ile-to-Leu substitution in the product of fbiD, and are organized into two subclusters, with an intra-sublineage SNP distance of around 150 ± 50 SNPs. We named this novel sublineage L2.2-M7. Further functional validation—through phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and gene replacement—is needed to determine whether this fbiD mutation confers resistance to pretomanid. Global genomic surveillance of this emerging sublineage is warranted to monitor its spread and clinical relevance in the era of new TB treatment regimens.

耐药结核病（TB）使全球消除结核病的努力复杂化。然而，引入新的和重新利用的药物，特别是全口服BPaL方案（贝达喹啉、普雷托马尼和利奈唑胺），由于其对多药耐药（MDR）和广泛耐药（XDR）结核病的良好治疗效果，带来了希望。对这些新药的易感性可能因结核分枝杆菌（MTB）菌株的谱系而异。在一个研究潜在耐药性相关核苷酸变异与MTB谱系之间关系的研究项目框架内，我们使用专有的TB-Annotator管道分析了来自NCBI的125,000个公开可用的Short Read Archive数据集。我们在谱系2 （L2）的65个克隆复合体中鉴定了65个突变，这些突变在14个可能参与BPaL耐药的基因列表中至少共享一个SNP。在这次大规模的基因组筛选中，我们鉴定了一个以前未表征的49个sra克隆复合体，不属于任何以前描述的古代或现代l2亚谱系（现代1到现代6）。因此，我们对一组具有代表性的L2分离株进行了比较基因组分析，以充分表征这一群体。这49个sra是在L2系统发育树的一个独立分支中发现的。它们共有4个SNP，包括fbiD产物中的Ile-to-Leu替换，并被组织成两个亚群，亚谱系内SNP距离约为150 ± 50个SNP。我们将这种新的亚谱系命名为L2.2-M7。需要进一步的功能验证——通过表型药敏试验和基因替换——来确定这种fbiD突变是否赋予对pretomanid的抗性。有必要对这种新出现的亚谱系进行全球基因组监测，以监测其在新的结核病治疗方案时代的传播和临床相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Multifaceted epidemic preparedness against cholera outbreak by One Health approach and genomic surveillance 通过“同一个健康”方法和基因组监测对霍乱爆发进行多方面的流行病防范

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infection Genetics and Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105798

Idris Nasir Abdullahi PhD , Amos Dangana MSc , Muhammad Sani Usman , Nanpon Miri , Yusuf Mohammed M.B.B.S, Ph.D. , James Christopher Avong MPH , Mangpin Leviticus Dansura , Bwede Eugene Samuel MSc , Villeng Felix Gagari , Nyiri Miriam Gyang BMLS , Ogarega Usiegbodi Daudu , Helen Daniel Nanbol MSc , Olorundare Idowu Ajao , Zacchaeus Adeniran Adejuyigbe , Chinwe Ndidi Ugwu MSc , Adesuyi Ayodeji Omoare PhD

Many developing countries in Africa and Asia are hotspots and endemic for cholera. Over the past five years, these countries have had steady rises in the incidence of cholera, with case fatality ratios continuously exceeding the WHO recommendation of 1 %. Despite this, there aren't many non-outbreak investigations that try to check for Vibrio cholerae in asymptomatic individuals who could act as reservoirs and vectors of transmission. We address the fundamental causes of global cholera transmission following a systematic review of available literature with a focus on the ecological and epidemiological drivers in developing countries. Apart from the established risk for cholera outbreaks, we postulated that the detection of V. cholerae in terrestrial animals could serve as an additional pathway (zoonosis) for cholera transmission. Based on the well-documented detection of V. cholerae in environmental and human samples as well as animal samples, we recommend that epidemic preparedness for cholera should be based on an integrated “One Health” approach following genomic surveillance. Thus, we strongly recommend that long-term, multisectoral, multidisciplinary methods be employed to develop evidence-based, context-specific, and innovative strategies for preventing cholera outbreaks.

非洲和亚洲的许多发展中国家是霍乱的热点和流行地区。在过去五年中，这些国家的霍乱发病率稳步上升，病死率不断超过世卫组织建议的1%。尽管如此，没有很多非疫情调查试图检查无症状个体中的霍乱弧菌，这些个体可能成为传播宿主和媒介。我们在对现有文献进行系统综述后，重点关注发展中国家的生态和流行病学驱动因素，解决全球霍乱传播的根本原因。除了霍乱暴发的既定风险外，我们假设在陆生动物中检测到霍乱弧菌可能是霍乱传播的另一途径（人畜共患病）。根据在环境和人类样本以及动物样本中检测到霍乱弧菌的充分记录，我们建议，应对霍乱流行的准备工作应以基因组监测后的综合“同一个健康”方法为基础。因此，我们强烈建议采用长期的、多部门的、多学科的方法来制定基于证据的、针对具体情况的创新战略，以预防霍乱暴发。

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引用次数: 0

A case report of Paragonimus infection diagnosed by medicine thoracoscopy 药物胸腔镜诊断肺吸虫感染1例。

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infection Genetics and Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105791

Xia Wu, Zhengfu Li, Dan Yang, Zhangli Peng, Nana Li, Yuanbo Lan, Ling Chen

This is a case report of a 38-year-old woman with recurrent pleural effusion. The patient was hospitalized twice within a six-month period. During the initial admission for pleural effusion, serological testing by ELISA revealed positive antibodies against Schistosoma japonicum and sparganum. Parasitic infection was suspected, prompting initiation of praziquantel therapy. The patient was admitted to our department again one month prior with recurrent pleural effusion. Medical thoracoscopy was performed to establish etiology, and parasite moving in a peristaltic manner were observed in the right posterior pleura near the costal angle. The parasite was identified under a microscope as Paragonimus, and Paragonimus was also detected by mNGS of pleural effusion, confirming paragonimiasis. The patient underwent repeat praziquantel therapy, with no pleural effusion recurrence observed during a four-month follow-up period. This case highlights the importance of a definitive diagnosis, with thoracoscopy and mNGS can be used as a new diagnostic idea and method to help diagnose paragonimiasis with pleural lesions.

这是一个38岁女性复发性胸腔积液的病例报告。病人在六个月内住院两次。因胸腔积液入院时，ELISA血清学检测显示日本血吸虫和斯巴达血吸虫抗体阳性。怀疑寄生虫感染，促使开始吡喹酮治疗。患者一个月前因反复胸腔积液再次住院。医学胸腔镜检查确定病因，在右侧胸膜后肋角附近可见蠕动性寄生虫。显微镜下鉴定为肺吸虫，胸膜积液mNGS检出肺吸虫，确认为肺吸虫病。患者再次接受吡喹酮治疗，随访4个月无胸腔积液复发。本病例强调明确诊断的重要性，胸腔镜和mNGS可以作为一种新的诊断思路和方法来帮助诊断肺吸虫病伴胸膜病变。

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引用次数: 0

Plasmid diversity in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 co-producing KPC plus NDM recovered during the COVID-19 pandemic 在COVID-19大流行期间，共同产生KPC和NDM的肺炎克雷伯菌ST307质粒多样性恢复

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infection Genetics and Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105795

Sonia Alejandra Gomez , Florencia Martino , María Belén Sanz , Jenny Escalante , Juan Manuel de Mendieta , Celeste Lucero , Paola Ceriana , Fernando Pasteran , Alejandra Corso , María Soledad Ramirez , Diego Faccone

The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae increased significantly during COVID-19 in Argentina, rising from 20 % in 2019 to 30 % in 2021. Additionally, there was a notable increase of K. pneumoniae ST307 co-producing KPC and NDM. We aimed to reveal the genetic structure of the plasmids harbored in six isolates of K. pneumoniae ST307 co-producing KPC and NDM and to expression levels of both carbapenemases in a cell. The isolates were collected between November 2020 and September 2021 and were selected according to: (i) diversity of allelic variant combinations: bla_KPC-2 plus bla_NDM-1 (n = 2), bla_KPC-2 plus bla_NDM-5 (n = 2), bla_KPC-3 plus bla_NDM-1 (n = 2); (ii) different hospitals and jurisdictions; and (iii) differences in pulsotype by Xba-I-PFGE. The isolates were studied by whole genome sequencing (Illumina NextSeq 550 and with GridION) and with a transcriptional analysis using quantitative real time-PCR. The isolates carried between two and four plasmids with sizes from 3.7 to 250 Kb. Twenty plasmids with nine replicons were identified including three distinct hybrid replicon combinations. bla_KPC-2 was found in three plasmid backbones [IncM1, IncFIB(pQil)/IncFII(K), and IncFIB/H1B] while the rest were associated with a single plasmid type: bla_NDM-1 (IncC), bla_NDM-5 (IncFIB/H1B) and bla_KPC-3 (IncR). The basal expression level of KPC-2 was statistically higher than that of NDM-1/5. Our results show that the dissemination of NDM and KPC in K. pneumoniae ST307 was driven through diverse plasmids, highlighting the capacity of this high-risk clone to acquire, maintain and spread multiple carbapenemases.

在2019冠状病毒病期间，阿根廷产碳青霉烯酶肺炎克雷伯菌的流行率显著上升，从2019年的20%上升到2021年的30%。此外，联合产生KPC和NDM的肺炎克雷伯菌ST307显著增加。我们的目的是揭示6株共同产生KPC和NDM的肺炎克雷伯菌ST307分离株的质粒的遗传结构，以及这两种碳青霉烯酶在细胞中的表达水平。采集时间为2020年11月至2021年9月，筛选结果如下：(i)等位基因变异组合多样性：blaKPC-2 + blaNDM-1 （n = 2）、blaKPC-2 + blaNDM-5 （n = 2）、blaKPC-3 + blaNDM-1 (n = 2)；（ii）不同的医院和司法管辖区；（iii） Xba-I-PFGE的脉冲型差异。采用全基因组测序（Illumina NextSeq 550和GridION）和实时荧光定量pcr进行转录分析。分离株携带2 ~ 4个大小为3.7 ~ 250kb的质粒。共鉴定出20个具有9个复制子的质粒，包括3个不同的杂交复制子组合。blaKPC-2在三个质粒骨干中发现[IncM1， IncFIB(pQil)/IncFII(K)和IncFIB/H1B]，而其余的则与单一质粒类型相关：blaNDM-1 (IncC), blaNDM-5 （IncFIB/H1B）和blaKPC-3 （IncR）。KPC-2的基础表达水平明显高于NDM-1/5。我们的研究结果表明，NDM和KPC在肺炎克雷伯菌ST307中的传播是通过不同的质粒驱动的，突出了这种高风险克隆获得、维持和传播多种碳青霉烯酶的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization and taxonomic clarification of a non-emetic, radiation-resistant Bacillus cereus strain mrbd isolated from a 60Co irradiator pool 从60Co辐照池中分离的一株非呕吐、耐辐射蜡样芽孢杆菌mrbd的鉴定和分类澄清。

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infection Genetics and Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105796

A.Y.K.M. Masud Rana , Safaiatul Islam , Abu Hena Mostofa Kamal , Issay Narumi

This study isolated a radiation-resistant Bacillus species from the pool water of a ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiator. The bacterium was motile, a spore-former, rod-shaped, Gram-positive, and capable of withstanding 5 kGy of gamma radiation. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, MLST, and gyrB gene phylogeny, the isolate was classified within the B. cereus group. Comparative whole-genome analysis demonstrated a high level nucleotide identity with B. cereus AH820 (99.49 %), B. anthracis (98.59–98.81 %), and B. cereus type strain ATCC 14579 (91.70 %). Despite the chromosomal similarity to B. cereus AH820, the isolate lacked the emetic toxin-producing plasmid (PER_AH820) and phenotypic traits of B. anthracis, such as enterotoxin production and penicillin resistance. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) assays showed 88.4 % genome similarity to B. anthracis, while showing a lower similarity (44.7 %) to B. cereus. Detection of non-B. anthracis ancestral “G” allele in the plcR gene further excluded its identification as B. anthracis. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis clustered the isolate with B. cereus strains previously identified from the International Space Station (ISS) and pathogenic variants of B. cereus. The isolate was designated as B. cereus strain mrbd.

本研究从60Co γ辐照器池水中分离出一种抗辐射芽孢杆菌。这种细菌是可运动的，孢子形成体，棒状，革兰氏阳性，能够承受5 kGy的伽马辐射。基于16S rRNA基因测序、MLST和gyrB基因系统发育，将该分离物归入蜡样芽孢杆菌属。比较全基因组分析显示，该菌株与蜡样芽孢杆菌AH820（99.49 %）、炭疽芽孢杆菌（98.59-98.81 %）和蜡样芽孢杆菌型菌株ATCC 14579（91.70 %）核苷酸高度同源。尽管与蜡样芽孢杆菌AH820染色体相似，但分离物缺乏吐毒质粒（PER_AH820）和炭疽芽孢杆菌的肠毒素产生和青霉素耐药性等表型性状。计算机DNA-DNA杂交（DDH）分析显示，与炭疽芽孢杆菌的基因组相似性为88.4 %，而与蜡样芽孢杆菌的相似性较低（44.7 %）。检测nonB。plcR基因中的G等位基因进一步排除了其为炭疽杆菌的鉴定。全基因组系统发育分析将该分离物与先前从国际空间站发现的蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株和蜡样芽孢杆菌的致病性变体聚集在一起。该分离物被鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌mrbd。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative study of rapid influenza antigen tests versus PCR in an influenza-like illness population: A real-world multicenter study in China 快速流感抗原检测与PCR在流感样疾病人群中的比较研究：中国一项真实世界的多中心研究

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infection Genetics and Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105794

Tongyan Zhang , Jinghui Du , Ying Cao , Hongyan Han , Yajun Du , Yazhu Hou , Qian Du , Juan Song , Weidong Su , Jihong Feng

This study aimed to explore the differences in detection between polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid influenza antigen test (RIAT) in a population with influenza-like illness (ILI). A retrospective real-world study was conducted at 4 medical centers in China. The study included patients of all age groups who were suspected of having influenza and who underwent either RIAT or PCR testing. The positive detection rates of the two testing methods were compared during different epidemic periods, among patients with different disease durations, and between pediatric and adult patients. A total of 43,402 patients with ILI were tested, and 17,397 had positive results. The overall positive rate of PCR was higher than that of RIAT (68.3 % vs 33.8 %); however, there was no difference between the two methods during the start and end of the influenza season. The positive rate of RIAT in children (37.9 %) was higher than that in adults (27.2 %), whereas the positive rate of PCR in adults (72.8 %) was higher than that in children (59.5 %). The positive rate of RIAT was greater in the early stage (≤2 days) than in the later stage, whereas the positive rate of PCR was greater at 1–3 days than at other times.

本研究旨在探讨聚合酶链反应（PCR）和快速流感抗原检测（RIAT）在流感样疾病（ILI）人群中的检测差异。在中国的4个医疗中心进行了一项回顾性的真实世界研究。该研究包括所有年龄组的疑似流感患者，并接受了RIAT或PCR检测。比较两种检测方法在不同流行时期、不同病程患者、儿童与成人患者的阳性率。共检测ILI患者43402例，阳性结果17397例。PCR总阳性率高于RIAT (68.3% vs 33.8%)；然而，在流感季节开始和结束时，两种方法之间没有差异。儿童RIAT阳性率（37.9%）高于成人（27.2%），成人PCR阳性率（72.8%）高于儿童（59.5%）。RIAT阳性率在早期（≤2 d）高于晚期，PCR阳性率在1-3 d高于其他时间。

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引用次数: 0

Mitochondrial COI barcoding of Pulicidae fleas and ultrastructural differentiation of the cat flea by scanning electron microscopy 蚤科蚤线粒体COI条形码与猫蚤的扫描电镜超微结构分化。

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infection Genetics and Evolution

Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105793

Kruawan Chotelersak , Ryuichiro Machida , Apisit Thipaksorn , Yudthana Samung , Jiraporn Ruangsittichai

Fleas are widespread ectoparasites found across the globe—even in polar regions—and exhibit low host specificity, allowing them to infest both humans and animals, including birds. They feed on the blood of their hosts and serve as vectors for various infectious diseases, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, the COI barcodes and ultrastructural characteristics using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to confirm classical morphological identification of cat flea taxonomic levels. Four species of medically important Pulicidae fleas were collected from hosts in various provinces of Thailand and identified based on their distinctive morphological characteristics: Xenopsylla cheopis, Echidnophaga gallinacea, Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides orientis. Phylogenetic analyses and calculated sequence distance based on mitochondrial COI barcodes were performed. The four species clearly formed monophyletic groups with low intraspecific distance (0 % -0.24 %) and high interspecific distance (4.60 % -21.26 %). Ctenocephalides felis and C. orientis were separated at the closely related level and separated into distinct clusters, with a sequence distance of 8.42 %. and C. orientis has shown closely genetic relationship with C. canis (4.60 %). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed ultrastructural characteristics that clearly differentiate C. felis and C. orientis, including differences in head shape and minute bristles on the dorsal end of the antennal fossa. Specifically, C. felis frons are elongated and pointed anteriorly, whereas C. orientis frons are short and rounded anteriorly. Additionally, the C. orientis female has 3–4-minute bristles at the dorsal end of the antennal fossa, while this structure is absent in the C. felis female but present and numerous (with 13–18 bristles) in all males of the genus Ctenocephalides. Fleas were identified, and their sex or ambiguous structures were determined using a stereoscope or low-power binocular microscope. DNA barcoding and ultrastructural analysis using SEM for differentiation of structures of taxonomic significance are useful for subspecies/species identification.

跳蚤是一种广泛分布在全球各地的外寄生虫，甚至在极地地区也是如此。跳蚤的宿主特异性较低，这使得它们既能感染人类，也能感染动物，包括鸟类。它们以宿主的血液为食，是各种传染病的媒介，特别是在热带和亚热带地区。本研究利用COI条形码和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）的超微结构特征来证实猫蚤分类水平的经典形态学鉴定。在泰国各省采集到4种具有重要医学意义的毛蚤，并根据其独特的形态特征对其进行鉴定：非洲爪蚤（Xenopsylla cheopis）、鸡爪棘蚤（Echidnophaga gallinacea）、狐尾栉蚤（Ctenocephalides felis）和东方栉蚤（Ctenocephalides orientis）。基于线粒体COI条形码进行系统发育分析和计算序列距离。4种明显形成种内距离低（0 % ~ 0.24 %）、种间距离高（4.60 % ~ 21.26 %）的单系类群。猫头蠓与东方蠓在亲缘关系较近的水平上分离成不同的聚类，序列距离为8.42 %。东方棘球绦虫与犬棘球绦虫亲缘关系密切（4.60 %）。扫描电镜（SEM）显示，毛猫和东方毛猫的超微结构特征明显不同，包括头部形状的差异和触角窝背端细小的刚毛。具体而言，毛毡毛毡的前体长而尖，而东方毛毡的前体短而圆。此外，东方卷毛蛛雌性在触角窝背端有3-4分钟的刚毛，而猫科卷毛蛛雌性没有这种结构，但在卷毛蛛属的所有雄性中都有，并且数量很多（有13-18根刚毛）。鉴定了跳蚤，并使用立体镜或低倍率双目显微镜确定了它们的性别或模糊结构。利用扫描电镜对具有分类意义的结构进行DNA条形码和超微结构分析，有助于亚种/种鉴定。

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引用次数: 0