in Practice最新文献

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) and congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are characterised by severe muscle weakness and impaired neuromuscular transmission. CMS in dogs represent a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders affecting the motor endplate – the specialised synapse between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibres. These disorders arise from genetic mutations in presynaptic, synaptic and postsynaptic proteins, with clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria varying across breeds. MG, on the other hand, is an autoimmune disease primarily mediated by autoantibodies targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). While most MG patients are seropositive for nAChR antibodies, seronegative cases occur, and the absence of these antibodies does not exclude the diagnosis.

Aim of the article: This article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical features and diagnostic approaches for both MG and CMS, along with the role of immunosuppressive therapies and anticholinesterase treatments in managing these conditions. Understanding the molecular basis and treatment strategies for MG and CMS allows for accurate diagnosis and improved outcomes in affected dogs and cats.

Background: Enteric disease in calves remains one of the most prevalent and economically costly disease conditions of calves globally. It may also be particularly challenging to manage due to multifactorial aetiology.

Aim of the article: Part one of this two-part series discusses aetiology and diagnostics of this complex condition in calves. Part two, to be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice, will discuss treatment and prevention of enteric disease.

Effective planning is essential when preparing to launch a new practice, including the preparation of a comprehensive business plan. This article outlines the key sections of a business plan and the information required. It aims to equip readers with an understanding of the thought processes, research and level of analysis required of an individual planning to set up their own veterinary practice.

The 2024 Autumn Budget delivered by chancellor Rachel Reeves has sparked much discussion about changes that affect both large companies and small business owners. While many have focused on measures for individuals (such as pensions and capital gains tax), this article explains how the Budget will impact businesses. In particular, it covers changes to national insurance contributions (NICs) and the national living wage, and offers simple strategies for managing these rising costs. Whether you're an experienced entrepreneur or just starting your business, this article will help you understand what the changes mean and how you can plan for them.

Background: Feline primary hyperaldosteronism is a relatively rare endocrine disease of geriatric cats. Main clinical features include those derived from hypertension and hypokalaemia. A high index of suspicion of the disease is required since clinical signs and clinicopathological features can be confused with those of chronic kidney disease. The diagnosis involves the routine clinical pathology, diagnostic imaging and assessment of hormone concentrations, and potentially dynamic functional testing. Treatment could be surgical or medical depending on the cause of the disease.

Aim of the article: To review the pathophysiology of primary hyperaldosteronism, summarising the currently available literature about the disease. The article also aims to provide practical suggestions for the diagnostic investigation of cats with suspected primary hyperaldosteronism, and for treatment of the disease.