Pub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2025.11045668
{"title":"Table of Contents July 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11045668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11045668","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 7","pages":"545-545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11045668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2025.11045670
Diego Arias-Cazco;Luis Cruz-Panchi
This work proposes a multi-objective optimization problem for the optimal design of grounding systems, considering personnel safety limits and design guidelines defined in the IEEE Standard Std. 80 - IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding. The initial objective functions proposed include the amount of conductor and the number of ground rods in the grounding grid, ensuring that the mesh voltage (Em) and step voltage (Es) do not exceed the tolerable limits for the human body (Etouch and Estep). The multi-objective problem generates the Pareto front and Parallel Coordinates Plot, providing valuable insights for result analysis, sensitivity analysis, and informed decision-making for grounding system designers. The model is validated using the exercises in Annex B of IEEE Std. 80, demonstrating its ability to deliver a comprehensive analysis of results while considering the full range of feasible solutions for an optimal and safe design of AC substation grounding systems.
{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimization for Safety in the Grounding of AC Substations","authors":"Diego Arias-Cazco;Luis Cruz-Panchi","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11045670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11045670","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a multi-objective optimization problem for the optimal design of grounding systems, considering personnel safety limits and design guidelines defined in the IEEE Standard Std. 80 - IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding. The initial objective functions proposed include the amount of conductor and the number of ground rods in the grounding grid, ensuring that the mesh voltage (Em) and step voltage (Es) do not exceed the tolerable limits for the human body (Etouch and Estep). The multi-objective problem generates the Pareto front and Parallel Coordinates Plot, providing valuable insights for result analysis, sensitivity analysis, and informed decision-making for grounding system designers. The model is validated using the exercises in Annex B of IEEE Std. 80, demonstrating its ability to deliver a comprehensive analysis of results while considering the full range of feasible solutions for an optimal and safe design of AC substation grounding systems.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 7","pages":"592-599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11045670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2025.11045669
Ruiping Li;Linchang Zhao;Hao Wei;Bocheng OuYang;Bing Fang;Yongchi Xu;Guoqing Hu
With the advancement of machine vision, numerous models have been created to detect imperfections in bridges. However, the bulk of these models are designed for single defect detection and are not adept at managing cases with concurrent multiple defects. As a result, quickly recognizing the array of defects on bridge surfaces is still a major obstacle. In response to this challenge, the current research introduces the YOLOv8-CBAM-Wise-IoU model, specifically crafted for the detection of seven distinct bridge surface defect categories. This model integrates the CBAM mechanism for focusing attention and the Wise-IoU for calculating loss, with its effectiveness measured by metrics including accuracy, retrieval rate, F1 measure, and mAP50. Rigorous ablation analyses and benchmarking against both single-tier and multi-tier deep learning frameworks were performed to substantiate the models utility. The YOLOv8-CBAM-Wise-IoU model exhibited formidable performance, recording an accuracy rate of 97.9%, a retrieval rate of 76%, an F1 measure of 58%, an mAP50 of 55.4%, and an mAP50-95 of 32.4%. These results outstrip those of standard models and other ablation variations, emphasizing the models ability to boost the precision and robustness of detecting various defect types on bridge surfaces. Code is available at https://github.com/IamSunday/Enhanced-YOLOv8-for-Detecting-Multiple-Defects-on-Bridge-Surfaces.
{"title":"Enhanced YOLOv8 for Detecting Multiple Defects on Bridge Surfaces","authors":"Ruiping Li;Linchang Zhao;Hao Wei;Bocheng OuYang;Bing Fang;Yongchi Xu;Guoqing Hu","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11045669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11045669","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of machine vision, numerous models have been created to detect imperfections in bridges. However, the bulk of these models are designed for single defect detection and are not adept at managing cases with concurrent multiple defects. As a result, quickly recognizing the array of defects on bridge surfaces is still a major obstacle. In response to this challenge, the current research introduces the YOLOv8-CBAM-Wise-IoU model, specifically crafted for the detection of seven distinct bridge surface defect categories. This model integrates the CBAM mechanism for focusing attention and the Wise-IoU for calculating loss, with its effectiveness measured by metrics including accuracy, retrieval rate, F1 measure, and mAP50. Rigorous ablation analyses and benchmarking against both single-tier and multi-tier deep learning frameworks were performed to substantiate the models utility. The YOLOv8-CBAM-Wise-IoU model exhibited formidable performance, recording an accuracy rate of 97.9%, a retrieval rate of 76%, an F1 measure of 58%, an mAP50 of 55.4%, and an mAP50-95 of 32.4%. These results outstrip those of standard models and other ablation variations, emphasizing the models ability to boost the precision and robustness of detecting various defect types on bridge surfaces. Code is available at https://github.com/IamSunday/Enhanced-YOLOv8-for-Detecting-Multiple-Defects-on-Bridge-Surfaces.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 7","pages":"546-555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11045669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2025.11045642
Michele Jackeline Andressa Rosa;Marcos Roberto Souza;Carlos Leandro Silva Machado;Sandro José Rigo;Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa
The significant growth of the Brazilian stock market, coupled with the increase in investors in riskier assets, has generated a demand for automated forecasting tools. This research investigated the behavior and movement of stocks in the Brazilian market by integrating historical price series and textual data extracted from sentiments in X old Twitter messages and news collected from Google News. The analysis used natural language processing techniques for sentiment analysis, enabling an efficient fusion between numerical and textual information. Experiments were carried out with the assets PETR4, VALE3, BBDC4, and ITUB4, applying the Long Short Term Memory, Deep Neural Network, and Linear Regression models to predict the behavior of these assets. The results indicated that the LSTM models, especially Model 2, presented the best performance in terms of predictive capacity, with the lowest values of RMSE 0.0171 and high values of coefficint of determination ranging from 0.9707 to 0.9873. The study concludes that integrating numerical and textual data, combined with deep learning techniques, offers a promising approach to stock market forecasting, increasing forecasting gains.
{"title":"Brazilian Stock Market Forecast with Heterogeneous Data Integration for a Set of Stocks","authors":"Michele Jackeline Andressa Rosa;Marcos Roberto Souza;Carlos Leandro Silva Machado;Sandro José Rigo;Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11045642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11045642","url":null,"abstract":"The significant growth of the Brazilian stock market, coupled with the increase in investors in riskier assets, has generated a demand for automated forecasting tools. This research investigated the behavior and movement of stocks in the Brazilian market by integrating historical price series and textual data extracted from sentiments in X old Twitter messages and news collected from Google News. The analysis used natural language processing techniques for sentiment analysis, enabling an efficient fusion between numerical and textual information. Experiments were carried out with the assets PETR4, VALE3, BBDC4, and ITUB4, applying the Long Short Term Memory, Deep Neural Network, and Linear Regression models to predict the behavior of these assets. The results indicated that the LSTM models, especially Model 2, presented the best performance in terms of predictive capacity, with the lowest values of RMSE 0.0171 and high values of coefficint of determination ranging from 0.9707 to 0.9873. The study concludes that integrating numerical and textual data, combined with deep learning techniques, offers a promising approach to stock market forecasting, increasing forecasting gains.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 7","pages":"572-583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11045642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2025.11045644
Divya Chaturvedi;Tiruganesh Lanka;Arvind Kumar
A new design for a 4-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) self-diplexing antenna is introduced, utilizing half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. This antenna operates simultaneously at 4.9 GHz for WLAN and 5.8 GHz for ISM band communications, maintaining an isolation of approximately 30 dB. By employing the half-mode topology, the antenna size is reduced by 50% while preserving the dominant mode TE110 characteristics. To enhance bandwidth, a rectangular slot is etched at the centre of each cavity, splitting the dominant mode into odd-TE110 and even-TE110 modes. Through careful optimization of antenna parameters and the perpendicular placement of radiating elements for different frequencies, the design ensures self-diplexing property. To validate the design, a prototype of the antenna is manufactured, and experimental results are verified with simulations. The proposed antenna demonstrates a peak gain of 5.2 dBi in the lower-frequency band and 5.9 dBi in the upper-frequency band, with a high efficiency exceeding 94% in both of the frequency bands. Additionally, all MIMO-diversity parameters were found to be within satisfactory limits.
{"title":"Compact 4-Port MIMO Antenna-Diplexer Utilizing Slotted-HMSIW Technology","authors":"Divya Chaturvedi;Tiruganesh Lanka;Arvind Kumar","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11045644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11045644","url":null,"abstract":"A new design for a 4-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) self-diplexing antenna is introduced, utilizing half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. This antenna operates simultaneously at 4.9 GHz for WLAN and 5.8 GHz for ISM band communications, maintaining an isolation of approximately 30 dB. By employing the half-mode topology, the antenna size is reduced by 50% while preserving the dominant mode TE110 characteristics. To enhance bandwidth, a rectangular slot is etched at the centre of each cavity, splitting the dominant mode into odd-TE110 and even-TE110 modes. Through careful optimization of antenna parameters and the perpendicular placement of radiating elements for different frequencies, the design ensures self-diplexing property. To validate the design, a prototype of the antenna is manufactured, and experimental results are verified with simulations. The proposed antenna demonstrates a peak gain of 5.2 dBi in the lower-frequency band and 5.9 dBi in the upper-frequency band, with a high efficiency exceeding 94% in both of the frequency bands. Additionally, all MIMO-diversity parameters were found to be within satisfactory limits.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 7","pages":"628-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11045644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2025.11045646
Maikel Roberto Siqueira Gambetá-Leite;Rodrigo Araujo Real;Chiara das Dores do Nascimento;Everton Granemann Souza
This study aimed to evaluate the coverage and disinfection effectiveness of SIDUV-C, a non-autonomous UV-C robot operating at a wavelength of 254 nm and a power output of 3900 W, which made it the most powerful in its category. Experimental methods included the determination of UV irradiation doses, UV-Vis spectral analysis, and modeling of irradiance fields to estimate the systems ability to deliver adequate doses of UV energy to target surfaces or airborne pathogens. Commercially available dosimetric films sensitive to UV-C radiation were employed to quantify doses across different spatial regions, and their accuracy was validated against UV spectroradiometry techniques and microbiological assays with methicillin-resistant Staphyloccoccus aureus (MRSA). The results demonstrated that both dosimetric films and spectroradiometer measurements consistently indicated the robot's rapid and effective disinfection performance across an unshaded area of 12.25 m2. The doses delivered were sufficient to neutralize a wide range of bacterial species commonly found in hospital environments across Latin America, including multidrug-resistant pathogens, thus underscoring the potential of UV-C disinfection robots as a critical tool in mitigating antimicrobial resistance in healthcare settings.
{"title":"Dosimetry Strategies for Non-Autonomous UV-C Robots","authors":"Maikel Roberto Siqueira Gambetá-Leite;Rodrigo Araujo Real;Chiara das Dores do Nascimento;Everton Granemann Souza","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11045646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11045646","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the coverage and disinfection effectiveness of SIDUV-C, a non-autonomous UV-C robot operating at a wavelength of 254 nm and a power output of 3900 W, which made it the most powerful in its category. Experimental methods included the determination of UV irradiation doses, UV-Vis spectral analysis, and modeling of irradiance fields to estimate the systems ability to deliver adequate doses of UV energy to target surfaces or airborne pathogens. Commercially available dosimetric films sensitive to UV-C radiation were employed to quantify doses across different spatial regions, and their accuracy was validated against UV spectroradiometry techniques and microbiological assays with methicillin-resistant Staphyloccoccus aureus (MRSA). The results demonstrated that both dosimetric films and spectroradiometer measurements consistently indicated the robot's rapid and effective disinfection performance across an unshaded area of 12.25 m2. The doses delivered were sufficient to neutralize a wide range of bacterial species commonly found in hospital environments across Latin America, including multidrug-resistant pathogens, thus underscoring the potential of UV-C disinfection robots as a critical tool in mitigating antimicrobial resistance in healthcare settings.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 7","pages":"619-627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11045646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2025.10974370
Andrea Elizabeth Pérez;Erik Zamora Gomez;Giorgiy Polupan
This article explores the characteristics of biogas, its main composition (methane and carbon dioxide) and its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study was carried out using various quantities of biogas, to analyze the main pollutants released by the engine at the end of the combustion process, according to the quantities of biogas that enter the engine. The results we obtained when carrying out the theoretical study show us that increasing the amounts of methane favors the behavior of the engine in various conditions, on the contrary, increasing methane and reducing CO2 increases the concentrations of pollutants such as CO, SO2. Biogas has been implemented as an alternative fuel, highlighting its positive impact on energy sustainability and the reduction of operating costs. Finally, we analyze that biogas has great potential to contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future if current barriers are overcome.
{"title":"Analysis and study of complete and incomplete combustion in a internal combustion engine using different amounts of biogas","authors":"Andrea Elizabeth Pérez;Erik Zamora Gomez;Giorgiy Polupan","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.10974370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.10974370","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the characteristics of biogas, its main composition (methane and carbon dioxide) and its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study was carried out using various quantities of biogas, to analyze the main pollutants released by the engine at the end of the combustion process, according to the quantities of biogas that enter the engine. The results we obtained when carrying out the theoretical study show us that increasing the amounts of methane favors the behavior of the engine in various conditions, on the contrary, increasing methane and reducing CO2 increases the concentrations of pollutants such as CO, SO2. Biogas has been implemented as an alternative fuel, highlighting its positive impact on energy sustainability and the reduction of operating costs. Finally, we analyze that biogas has great potential to contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future if current barriers are overcome.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 5","pages":"397-404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Protecting thousands of smart devices across multiple IoT domains requires robust and collaborative security solutions, such as Collaborative Network Intrusion Detection Systems (C-NIDS). In this context, collaboration among NIDS improves intrusion detection by sharing information about local threats. However, most current solutions neglect the reliability and robustness assessment of these systems, especially when we consider C-NIDS. Thus, the lack of standardized and robust assessments to measure the reliability and accuracy of C-NIDS in attacks detection results in significant uncertainties regarding their ability to correctly identify threats. In this paper, we present an evaluation of a collaborative NIDS that integrates standalone NIDS to share information about detected and mitigated threats, improving overall intrusion detection. The evaluation took place in a virtualized IoT environment and results showed that collaborative NIDS detected DDoS attacks with an accuracy of at least 99.94%, a minimum recall of 99.94%, a precision of 100%, and F1 score of 1 in all evaluated scenarios. Such results highlight the development and adoption of uniform evaluation criteria to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of C-NIDS.
{"title":"Evaluating Robustness and Reliability of a C-NIDS for IoT Networks in Virtualized Environments","authors":"Agnaldo Batista;Carlos Pedroso;Samuel Brísio;Guilherme Rodrigues;Aldri Santos","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.10974426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.10974426","url":null,"abstract":"Protecting thousands of smart devices across multiple IoT domains requires robust and collaborative security solutions, such as Collaborative Network Intrusion Detection Systems (C-NIDS). In this context, collaboration among NIDS improves intrusion detection by sharing information about local threats. However, most current solutions neglect the reliability and robustness assessment of these systems, especially when we consider C-NIDS. Thus, the lack of standardized and robust assessments to measure the reliability and accuracy of C-NIDS in attacks detection results in significant uncertainties regarding their ability to correctly identify threats. In this paper, we present an evaluation of a collaborative NIDS that integrates standalone NIDS to share information about detected and mitigated threats, improving overall intrusion detection. The evaluation took place in a virtualized IoT environment and results showed that collaborative NIDS detected DDoS attacks with an accuracy of at least 99.94%, a minimum recall of 99.94%, a precision of 100%, and F1 score of 1 in all evaluated scenarios. Such results highlight the development and adoption of uniform evaluation criteria to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of C-NIDS.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 5","pages":"363-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2025.10974366
Ramkumar S;Anitha M;Boopathi Rani R;Muthuramya C
A compact ultra-wide-stopband microwave bandpass filter is introduced in this work using an L-shaped quarter-wavelength resonator and stepped impedance resonators. The bandpass filter (BPF-I) is designed at 2.1 GHz (f) using an L-shaped quarter-wavelength line. The lowpass filter is developed at 4 GHz using stepped impedance resonators. The introduced ultra-wide-stopband filter is created through integrating the BPF-I and the lowpass filter. Filter size reduction is achieved through the L-shaped quarter-wavelength line, while the ultra-wide-stopband is attained through the stepped impedance resonators. The mathematical analysis of the introduced ultra-wide-stopband bandpass filter is conducted through the extraction of ABCD and S-parameters. The lumped elements equivalent circuits are realized for the introduced filter, and their S-parameters are plotted. The introduced filter is fabricated on an FR4 substrate, and its S-parameters are measured. The comparison of mathematical analysis, EM simulated, circuit simulated, and measured results, showing good agreement. Measurements show a 140.4% fractional bandwidth (FBW), better than 20 dB return loss, higher than 28 dB rejection up to 30 GHz (14.3f) in the out-of-band with many transmission zeros, and 0.8 dB insertion loss. 0.23g x 0.37g is the overall dimension of the introduced filter.
采用l型四分之一波长谐振器和阶跃阻抗谐振器设计了一种紧凑的超宽阻带微波带通滤波器。带通滤波器（BPF-I）采用l型四分之一波长线设计为2.1 GHz (f)。低通滤波器是在4 GHz使用阶跃阻抗谐振器开发的。所介绍的超宽阻带滤波器是通过集成BPF-I和低通滤波器创建的。通过l型四分之一波长线实现滤波器尺寸减小，而通过阶跃阻抗谐振器实现超宽阻带。通过ABCD和s参数的提取，对所引入的超宽阻带带通滤波器进行了数学分析。对所引入的滤波器实现了集总元件等效电路，并绘制了其s参数。在FR4衬底上制作了该滤波器，并对其s参数进行了测量。数学分析、电磁仿真、电路仿真与实测结果进行了比较，结果吻合较好。测量结果表明，该系统的分数带宽（FBW）为140.4%，回波损耗优于20db，在具有多个传输零的带外（14.3f）频率下高于28db抑制，插入损耗为0.8 dB。0.23g x 0.37g为所引入滤波器的整体尺寸。
{"title":"Compact Ultra-Wide-Stopband Microwave Bandpass Filter with Multiple Transmission Zeros by Integrating an L-Shaped Bandpass Filter and a Stepped Impedance Lowpass Filter","authors":"Ramkumar S;Anitha M;Boopathi Rani R;Muthuramya C","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.10974366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.10974366","url":null,"abstract":"A compact ultra-wide-stopband microwave bandpass filter is introduced in this work using an L-shaped quarter-wavelength resonator and stepped impedance resonators. The bandpass filter (BPF-I) is designed at 2.1 GHz (f) using an L-shaped quarter-wavelength line. The lowpass filter is developed at 4 GHz using stepped impedance resonators. The introduced ultra-wide-stopband filter is created through integrating the BPF-I and the lowpass filter. Filter size reduction is achieved through the L-shaped quarter-wavelength line, while the ultra-wide-stopband is attained through the stepped impedance resonators. The mathematical analysis of the introduced ultra-wide-stopband bandpass filter is conducted through the extraction of ABCD and S-parameters. The lumped elements equivalent circuits are realized for the introduced filter, and their S-parameters are plotted. The introduced filter is fabricated on an FR4 substrate, and its S-parameters are measured. The comparison of mathematical analysis, EM simulated, circuit simulated, and measured results, showing good agreement. Measurements show a 140.4% fractional bandwidth (FBW), better than 20 dB return loss, higher than 28 dB rejection up to 30 GHz (14.3f) in the out-of-band with many transmission zeros, and 0.8 dB insertion loss. 0.23g x 0.37g is the overall dimension of the introduced filter.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 5","pages":"437-443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10974366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2025.10974375
Pavani Thallapally;Debasmita Panda
In the Electricity market the increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and associated uncertainties impose challenges to determine the day-ahead distribution locational market prices effectively and also these uncertainties can jeopardize grid stability and reliability. RES aggregators compete to increase their profit but their intermittent nature adds financial risks to aggregators (As). The main objective of this paper is to model a day-ahead electricity market by considering RES aggregators as participants to trade energy effectively to maintain a dynamic energy balance. Instead of relying on existing probabilistic forecast methods to account for the variable uncertain nature of RES, this paper uses a novel data-driven forecasting method to predict variable RES power generation accurately. The proposed model follows a three stage approach. The first stage involves forecasting PV and wind output power with multiple scenarios. In the second stage, a scenario-based multi-aggregator market modelling is performed where aggregators submit their bids to the distribution network operator, who then clears the market by generating price signals. Uncertainties of RES aggregators lead to financial risk for aggregators. Hence, the third stage involves, risk assessment using value at risk (VaR) and conditional value at risk (CVaR) are applied to different scenarios for evaluating the potential portfolio losses within a specified time horizon and confidence level. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, it is tested on a modified 33-bus test system which shows effective energy trading at a distribution system with a considerable marginal range of voltage violations. The proposed novel three-stage model aims to improve the distribution level electricity markets efficiency and reliability, benefiting RES market participants and consumers alike.
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