With the integration scale level reached in CMOS technology, memory systems provide a great storage capacity, but at the price of an augment in their fault rate. In this way, the probability of experiencing Single Cell Upsets or Multiple Cell Upsets have risen. Error Correction Codes (ECC) are broadly employed to protect memory systems. Though, the inclusion of an ECC in a computer system adds, in each memory word, some extra bits used to detect and/or correct errors. In addition, encoding and decoding circuitries must be added, introducing overheads in area, delay, and power consumption. Usually, when an ECC-based fault tolerance mechanism is designed, its fault tolerance properties cannot be modified. However, in some applications, current memory systems can suffer a variable fault rate during their operation. Thus, it seems very interesting that this mechanism would be able to adapt to these variable fault conditions. This work proposes an Adaptive Fault-Tolerant mechanism based on ECC. This mechanism can adapt to different fault conditions, being able to correct and/or detect single and multiple bits in error. The Adaptive Fault-Tolerant mechanism proposed uses a unique encoder, that is, it is not necessary to re-encode the data to change the error coverage.
{"title":"A Proposal of an ECC-based Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Mechanism for 16-bit data words","authors":"Joaquín Gracia-Morán;Luis-J. Saiz-Adalid;J.-Carlos Baraza-Calvo;Daniel Gil-Tomas;Pedro-J. Gil-Vicente","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2024.10500715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2024.10500715","url":null,"abstract":"With the integration scale level reached in CMOS technology, memory systems provide a great storage capacity, but at the price of an augment in their fault rate. In this way, the probability of experiencing Single Cell Upsets or Multiple Cell Upsets have risen. Error Correction Codes (ECC) are broadly employed to protect memory systems. Though, the inclusion of an ECC in a computer system adds, in each memory word, some extra bits used to detect and/or correct errors. In addition, encoding and decoding circuitries must be added, introducing overheads in area, delay, and power consumption. Usually, when an ECC-based fault tolerance mechanism is designed, its fault tolerance properties cannot be modified. However, in some applications, current memory systems can suffer a variable fault rate during their operation. Thus, it seems very interesting that this mechanism would be able to adapt to these variable fault conditions. This work proposes an Adaptive Fault-Tolerant mechanism based on ECC. This mechanism can adapt to different fault conditions, being able to correct and/or detect single and multiple bits in error. The Adaptive Fault-Tolerant mechanism proposed uses a unique encoder, that is, it is not necessary to re-encode the data to change the error coverage.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"22 5","pages":"418-427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10500715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2024.10500711
Abdul Mujeer Syed;Sailaja Kumari Matam;Chandrasekhar Yammani;Sreekantha Reddy Sathigari
In this study, a Two-Diode Model (TDM) is implemented for Photovoltaic (PV) modules to accurately derive PV parameters. A noteworthy contribution of this work is the introduction of a simplified current equation, necessitating the estimation of only seven parameters. Additionally, we present an effective modeling approach for the PV module based on the TDM. The extraction of TDM parameters is accomplished using the suggested analytical method. Case studies are conducted on the PWP-201 module and the R.T.C. France Solar Cell module to showcase the accuracy of the analytical method. Results from an experimental setup comprising two 40 W Poly-crystalline PV panels are also reported. The performance of the proposed analytical method for the TDM is assessed, and its consistency with experimental I-V curves and other methods is established.
{"title":"Parameter Extraction of Two Diode Photovoltaic Model Using An Analytical Approach","authors":"Abdul Mujeer Syed;Sailaja Kumari Matam;Chandrasekhar Yammani;Sreekantha Reddy Sathigari","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2024.10500711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2024.10500711","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a Two-Diode Model (TDM) is implemented for Photovoltaic (PV) modules to accurately derive PV parameters. A noteworthy contribution of this work is the introduction of a simplified current equation, necessitating the estimation of only seven parameters. Additionally, we present an effective modeling approach for the PV module based on the TDM. The extraction of TDM parameters is accomplished using the suggested analytical method. Case studies are conducted on the PWP-201 module and the R.T.C. France Solar Cell module to showcase the accuracy of the analytical method. Results from an experimental setup comprising two 40 W Poly-crystalline PV panels are also reported. The performance of the proposed analytical method for the TDM is assessed, and its consistency with experimental I-V curves and other methods is established.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"22 5","pages":"400-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10500711","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140556034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2024.10500720
Caio Souto Maior;Thaylon Silva
Condition-based maintenance is a decision-making strategy using condition monitoring information to optimize the availability of operational plants. In this context, machine learning techniques are useful and have been used in predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of equipment to ensure the overall safety and reliability of the system through maintenance policies and, consequently, reducing costs arising from the failure. These databases are not large which is tricky for data-driven models. In this study, we consider five different databases containing the failure times from distinct real-world equipment. Here, four different regression algorithms were compared for RUL prediction, namely: Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Tree (DT), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). Furthermore, aiming to improve the data quality, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was used, which is responsible for pre-processing the input data used on the predictive modeling. We optimize the models hyperparameters using grid-search cross-validation algorithm and the performance of each model is compared using the normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE). Considering the datasets analyzed, KNN model proves to be the most promising to perform the prognostic task in small datasets, adapting itself to the distinct characteristics of the different databases. In addition, we mention the better performance after optimizing the hyperparameters, which avoided overfitting problems and had a low computational cost for the problems analyzed here.
{"title":"Time-series failure prediction on small datasets using machine learning","authors":"Caio Souto Maior;Thaylon Silva","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2024.10500720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2024.10500720","url":null,"abstract":"Condition-based maintenance is a decision-making strategy using condition monitoring information to optimize the availability of operational plants. In this context, machine learning techniques are useful and have been used in predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of equipment to ensure the overall safety and reliability of the system through maintenance policies and, consequently, reducing costs arising from the failure. These databases are not large which is tricky for data-driven models. In this study, we consider five different databases containing the failure times from distinct real-world equipment. Here, four different regression algorithms were compared for RUL prediction, namely: Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Tree (DT), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). Furthermore, aiming to improve the data quality, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was used, which is responsible for pre-processing the input data used on the predictive modeling. We optimize the models hyperparameters using grid-search cross-validation algorithm and the performance of each model is compared using the normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE). Considering the datasets analyzed, KNN model proves to be the most promising to perform the prognostic task in small datasets, adapting itself to the distinct characteristics of the different databases. In addition, we mention the better performance after optimizing the hyperparameters, which avoided overfitting problems and had a low computational cost for the problems analyzed here.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"22 5","pages":"362-371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10500720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2024.10500721
Júlia de Oliveira Gonzalez;Fernando Ramos Martins
The photovoltaic (PV) solar energy generation sector is expanding fast and achieved 23.9 GW of installed power in Brazil in the first months of 2023 (occupying the 2nd place in installed capacity in the Brazilian electricity mix). Such a scenario makes PV power generation a resource for regional development and socioeconomic opportunities for metropolitan regions with a high national economy share and population density. The present work investigated how a PV systems performance is affected when operating in a coastal area close to high atmospheric particulate and gases emitters like cargo transportation and port operational procedures. The PV system is installed at the Federal University of Sao Paulo, campus Baixada Santista in Santos/SP, close to Latin Americas largest port in trade operations. Santos is a medium-sized coastal city with a tropical climate, dry winters, and humid summers. The evaluation is based on a database including environmental and operational quantities acquired between October/2020 and September/2021 to calculate the fundamental performance metrics: performance ratio, capacity factor, reference and final yields, and system losses. The performance parameters were analogous to published results achieved by PV systems worldwide in coastal and continental areas. The PV system performance at Unifesps Building rooftop was not affected by regional climate and local atmospheric conditions related to the nearby polluting economic activities, including emissions of gases and particulates into the atmosphere. Finally, the PV system showed better performance than that simulated by the SOLergo tool regarding the generated energy, probably due to the influence of local environmental variables and careful operational maintenance not considered in the numerical simulations.
{"title":"Performance study of a photovoltaic system operating on the southeastern coast of Brazil","authors":"Júlia de Oliveira Gonzalez;Fernando Ramos Martins","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2024.10500721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2024.10500721","url":null,"abstract":"The photovoltaic (PV) solar energy generation sector is expanding fast and achieved 23.9 GW of installed power in Brazil in the first months of 2023 (occupying the 2nd place in installed capacity in the Brazilian electricity mix). Such a scenario makes PV power generation a resource for regional development and socioeconomic opportunities for metropolitan regions with a high national economy share and population density. The present work investigated how a PV systems performance is affected when operating in a coastal area close to high atmospheric particulate and gases emitters like cargo transportation and port operational procedures. The PV system is installed at the Federal University of Sao Paulo, campus Baixada Santista in Santos/SP, close to Latin Americas largest port in trade operations. Santos is a medium-sized coastal city with a tropical climate, dry winters, and humid summers. The evaluation is based on a database including environmental and operational quantities acquired between October/2020 and September/2021 to calculate the fundamental performance metrics: performance ratio, capacity factor, reference and final yields, and system losses. The performance parameters were analogous to published results achieved by PV systems worldwide in coastal and continental areas. The PV system performance at Unifesps Building rooftop was not affected by regional climate and local atmospheric conditions related to the nearby polluting economic activities, including emissions of gases and particulates into the atmosphere. Finally, the PV system showed better performance than that simulated by the SOLergo tool regarding the generated energy, probably due to the influence of local environmental variables and careful operational maintenance not considered in the numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"22 5","pages":"410-417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10500721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2024.10500712
Armando Leopoldo Keller;Rodrigo Figueiredo;Sandro José Rigo
The main objective of power distribution utilities is to provide power to their consumers with the smallest number and duration of interruptions, which is why they are evaluated by continuity indexes such as SAIDI and SAIFI. Sometimes, interruptions are needed to expand the network or for maintenance operations. This paper proposes an innovative method to evaluate the best place to install switches based on graph theory and centralities measurements to prevent disconnecting unnecessary customers in a maintenance event. The algorithm is demonstrated step-by-step with a simple example of a theoretical distribution network and then applied to the IEEE 123 bus test case for a comprehensive evaluation
{"title":"switch placement algorithm to reduce the impact of distribution network maintenance in continuity indexes","authors":"Armando Leopoldo Keller;Rodrigo Figueiredo;Sandro José Rigo","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2024.10500712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2024.10500712","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of power distribution utilities is to provide power to their consumers with the smallest number and duration of interruptions, which is why they are evaluated by continuity indexes such as SAIDI and SAIFI. Sometimes, interruptions are needed to expand the network or for maintenance operations. This paper proposes an innovative method to evaluate the best place to install switches based on graph theory and centralities measurements to prevent disconnecting unnecessary customers in a maintenance event. The algorithm is demonstrated step-by-step with a simple example of a theoretical distribution network and then applied to the IEEE 123 bus test case for a comprehensive evaluation","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"22 5","pages":"394-399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10500712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2024.10500714
Adriel C. dos Santos;Iago A. Carvalho;Cristiano M. Silva;Eliseu C. Miguel
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networks for live streaming face challenges such as ensuring low latency and low discontinuity in media transmission among peers. Algorithms for constructing and maintaining the overlay are often proposed to address several of these challenges. However, it is common to find works that present positive results from the execution of these algorithms without showing the overlay structure constructed by them. In this article, we analyze the overlay constructed and maintained by the Peer Classification for Partnership Constraints (2PC) algorithm. 2PC proved to be efficient in dealing with a large number of free-riders on the network, imposing constraints on partnerships between peers according to their contributions to media transmission. To understand the 2PC execution effects supported by the K-Shortest Path Yen's algorithm, we evaluated the application of the 2PC and identified that the partnership relationships between peers imposed by the algorithm organize the overlay attracting high-contribution peers close to the server, while pushing low-contribution peers to the edge of the overlay.
{"title":"Evaluating the 2PC Algorithm for the Maintenance of P2P Live Streaming","authors":"Adriel C. dos Santos;Iago A. Carvalho;Cristiano M. Silva;Eliseu C. Miguel","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2024.10500714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2024.10500714","url":null,"abstract":"Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networks for live streaming face challenges such as ensuring low latency and low discontinuity in media transmission among peers. Algorithms for constructing and maintaining the overlay are often proposed to address several of these challenges. However, it is common to find works that present positive results from the execution of these algorithms without showing the overlay structure constructed by them. In this article, we analyze the overlay constructed and maintained by the Peer Classification for Partnership Constraints (2PC) algorithm. 2PC proved to be efficient in dealing with a large number of free-riders on the network, imposing constraints on partnerships between peers according to their contributions to media transmission. To understand the 2PC execution effects supported by the K-Shortest Path Yen's algorithm, we evaluated the application of the 2PC and identified that the partnership relationships between peers imposed by the algorithm organize the overlay attracting high-contribution peers close to the server, while pushing low-contribution peers to the edge of the overlay.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"22 5","pages":"372-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10500714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2024.10500716
{"title":"Table of Contents May 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2024.10500716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2024.10500716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"22 5","pages":"361-361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10500716","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2024.10500710
Ricardo S. Casado;Carlos W. Carvalho;Marcio M. Fernandes;Emerson C. Pedrino
This paper proposes a technique for the generation of a disparity map from a real scene, captured by a stereo vision system. The underlying motivation for this work is to develop a system not requiring the use of a calibration pattern, which usually involves manual intervention. This is a well desired feature to allow its use in the design of aid devices for people with severe visual impairment or blindness. Experimental results showed that the developed technique has a level of effectiveness similar to other two well established techniques found in the literature, making it a promising alternative to be employed in situations where the calibration step becomes a burden to the user.
{"title":"Technique to Generate Depth Maps from Real Scenes without Manual Calibration","authors":"Ricardo S. Casado;Carlos W. Carvalho;Marcio M. Fernandes;Emerson C. Pedrino","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2024.10500710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2024.10500710","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a technique for the generation of a disparity map from a real scene, captured by a stereo vision system. The underlying motivation for this work is to develop a system not requiring the use of a calibration pattern, which usually involves manual intervention. This is a well desired feature to allow its use in the design of aid devices for people with severe visual impairment or blindness. Experimental results showed that the developed technique has a level of effectiveness similar to other two well established techniques found in the literature, making it a promising alternative to be employed in situations where the calibration step becomes a burden to the user.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"22 5","pages":"387-393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10500710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-Level Inverter (MLI) with and without cross-connecting switches is constructed using bi-directional and uni-directional switches and their performances are verified via a real-time experimentation. Here, a cross connecting switch inverter (CCSI) is constructed and then cross connecting switches in CCSI are removed for the modified inverter (MMLI) with reduction of switches. Further, the CCSI and MMLI configuration is studied with the identification of optimal placement of the level shifter circuit in the basic unit and different types of procedures for the design of voltage sources that are used in the inverter to enhance the performance is proposed. The best method of defining the value of voltage sources among the proposed nine different algorithms a 31-level CCSI, a 49 level and 71 level MMLI are designed and tested experimentally. Efficiency, total blocking voltage, harmonic presence, real and reactive powers are obtained for the proposed converters to study their performance. Finally, a comparative analysis is made for the proposed structure against the other MLI in-term of switch count, ON state switches, voltage sources and efficiency.
{"title":"Performance Enhancement of Reduced Component Multilevel Inverter with Optimal Placement of Level Shifter","authors":"VIJAYARAJA L;Ganesh Kumar S;Marco Rivera;Ebrahim Babaei","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2024.10534310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2024.10534310","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-Level Inverter (MLI) with and without cross-connecting switches is constructed using bi-directional and uni-directional switches and their performances are verified via a real-time experimentation. Here, a cross connecting switch inverter (CCSI) is constructed and then cross connecting switches in CCSI are removed for the modified inverter (MMLI) with reduction of switches. Further, the CCSI and MMLI configuration is studied with the identification of optimal placement of the level shifter circuit in the basic unit and different types of procedures for the design of voltage sources that are used in the inverter to enhance the performance is proposed. The best method of defining the value of voltage sources among the proposed nine different algorithms a 31-level CCSI, a 49 level and 71 level MMLI are designed and tested experimentally. Efficiency, total blocking voltage, harmonic presence, real and reactive powers are obtained for the proposed converters to study their performance. Finally, a comparative analysis is made for the proposed structure against the other MLI in-term of switch count, ON state switches, voltage sources and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"22 6","pages":"502-511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10534310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2024.10534302
Ignacio Enrique Zaldívar-Huerta;Blaise Tshibangu Mbuebue;Alejandro García-Juárez;Edgard-Yvon Tshishimbi Kanyinda;Roberto Rojas-Laguna;Min Won Lee
It is experimentally demonstrated as an alternative to one of the classical optical heterodyning techniques for generating microwave (MW) signals. The originality of this work resides in the use of a Multimode Laser Diode (MLD) associated with a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and a tunable Distributed Feedback laser (DFB), instead of two DFBs. As an optical filter, the FBG selects a single mode among various provided by the MLD signal. The selected single-mode signal is used as a reference in the optical beating together with the signal of the tunable DFB. The tunability is achieved by varying the DFB wavelength to modify the wavelength spacing () between the two optical signals. The experimental results are corroborated with those obtained theoretically and by simulations. The system performance evaluation is achieved through the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the Phase Noise (PN) measurements
{"title":"An experimental alternative of microwave signal generation through an optical heterodyning technique using a multimode laser diode and a tunable DFB laser","authors":"Ignacio Enrique Zaldívar-Huerta;Blaise Tshibangu Mbuebue;Alejandro García-Juárez;Edgard-Yvon Tshishimbi Kanyinda;Roberto Rojas-Laguna;Min Won Lee","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2024.10534302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2024.10534302","url":null,"abstract":"It is experimentally demonstrated as an alternative to one of the classical optical heterodyning techniques for generating microwave (MW) signals. The originality of this work resides in the use of a Multimode Laser Diode (MLD) associated with a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and a tunable Distributed Feedback laser (DFB), instead of two DFBs. As an optical filter, the FBG selects a single mode among various provided by the MLD signal. The selected single-mode signal is used as a reference in the optical beating together with the signal of the tunable DFB. The tunability is achieved by varying the DFB wavelength to modify the wavelength spacing () between the two optical signals. The experimental results are corroborated with those obtained theoretically and by simulations. The system performance evaluation is achieved through the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the Phase Noise (PN) measurements","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"22 6","pages":"512-518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10534302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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