Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10146565
L. Mari, D. Petri
This paper is devoted to introducing measurement as a process aimed at producing knowledge that is socially shareable. Some subjects of the paper are the metrological system, metrological traceability, and calibration as tools to guarantee the intersubjectivity of measurement information.
{"title":"Fundamentals of Measurement: Measurement: The Spread of Social Knowledge","authors":"L. Mari, D. Petri","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10146565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10146565","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is devoted to introducing measurement as a process aimed at producing knowledge that is socially shareable. Some subjects of the paper are the metrological system, metrological traceability, and calibration as tools to guarantee the intersubjectivity of measurement information.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":" ","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46941893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10146567
K. Barbé, K. Pien, Camille Raets, Koen Putman
Dynamical measurements are abundantly available when using instruments to collect data. Such dynamical measurements are time series which hold quantities with time-dependent values. The main focus of analyzing time series is either to obtain insight in the data generating process or to render predictions about the future given the past measurements.
{"title":"Education in I&M: Tutorial Paper: Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Time Series Analysis for Measurement Professionals","authors":"K. Barbé, K. Pien, Camille Raets, Koen Putman","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10146567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10146567","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamical measurements are abundantly available when using instruments to collect data. Such dynamical measurements are time series which hold quantities with time-dependent values. The main focus of analyzing time series is either to obtain insight in the data generating process or to render predictions about the future given the past measurements.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":"26 1","pages":"27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47342614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10146568
C. Bourelly, D. Capriglione, C. Carissimo, F. Milano, Luca Tari
Communication technologies are of primary importance for today's activity, since they contribute to achieving a lot of services for humans, from simple phone calls to advanced multimedia services, banking activities, and healthcare, to cite a few [1]. They are also the key factor of many measurement applications in the contexts of industry 4.0, transportation, environmental monitoring, telemetering, building automation, and the emerging applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) [2]–[4]. In other words, communication technologies enable the concept of “Networking for measurements” which explains the crucial role of networks for measurement applications.
{"title":"Measurement and Applications: The Role of Communication Technologies in Developing Distributed Measurement Systems and Measurement Applications","authors":"C. Bourelly, D. Capriglione, C. Carissimo, F. Milano, Luca Tari","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10146568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10146568","url":null,"abstract":"Communication technologies are of primary importance for today's activity, since they contribute to achieving a lot of services for humans, from simple phone calls to advanced multimedia services, banking activities, and healthcare, to cite a few [1]. They are also the key factor of many measurement applications in the contexts of industry 4.0, transportation, environmental monitoring, telemetering, building automation, and the emerging applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) [2]–[4]. In other words, communication technologies enable the concept of “Networking for measurements” which explains the crucial role of networks for measurement applications.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":"26 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47749962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10146559
K. Kini, F. Harrou, Muddu Madakyaru, F. Kadri, Ying Sun
Automatic and reliable detection of a person's posture when sitting in a wheelchair is necessary to prevent major health issues. This study introduces an unsupervised anomaly detection and isolation approach to automatically recognize unbalanced sitting posture in a wheelchair using data from pressure sensors embedded in the wheelchair. Importantly, the advantages of independent component analysis (ICA) will be integrated with those of a Kantorovich Distance (KD)-driven anomaly detector by developing an ICA-driven KD methodology that can handle non-Gaussianity in the data and ameliorates the quality of anomaly detection. Due to pressure data displaying a non-Gaussian behavior, this work adopts ICA, which is well suited to handle this type of data. At the same time, the KD scheme is an effective anomaly detection indicator to evaluate the ICA residuals. Furthermore, the contribution plot strategy, which does not need a priori knowledge of anomalies, is employed for discriminating the type of the detected abnormal posture if it is caused due to higher pressure on the right side, on the left side, or higher forward pressure. The ICA-KD approach only employs normal events data to train the detection model, making them more attractive for identifying a person's posture in practice. The overall detection system provides a promising performance with an F1-score around 99.41%, outperforming some commonly used monitoring methods.
{"title":"Efficient Sitting Posture Recognition for Wheelchair Users: An Unsupervised Data-Driven Framework","authors":"K. Kini, F. Harrou, Muddu Madakyaru, F. Kadri, Ying Sun","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10146559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10146559","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic and reliable detection of a person's posture when sitting in a wheelchair is necessary to prevent major health issues. This study introduces an unsupervised anomaly detection and isolation approach to automatically recognize unbalanced sitting posture in a wheelchair using data from pressure sensors embedded in the wheelchair. Importantly, the advantages of independent component analysis (ICA) will be integrated with those of a Kantorovich Distance (KD)-driven anomaly detector by developing an ICA-driven KD methodology that can handle non-Gaussianity in the data and ameliorates the quality of anomaly detection. Due to pressure data displaying a non-Gaussian behavior, this work adopts ICA, which is well suited to handle this type of data. At the same time, the KD scheme is an effective anomaly detection indicator to evaluate the ICA residuals. Furthermore, the contribution plot strategy, which does not need a priori knowledge of anomalies, is employed for discriminating the type of the detected abnormal posture if it is caused due to higher pressure on the right side, on the left side, or higher forward pressure. The ICA-KD approach only employs normal events data to train the detection model, making them more attractive for identifying a person's posture in practice. The overall detection system provides a promising performance with an F1-score around 99.41%, outperforming some commonly used monitoring methods.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":"26 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44460418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10146563
Z. Ghemari, S. Belkhiri, S. Saad
The purpose of a piezoelectric sensor is to measure the vibratory movements of structures by the direct effect of the piezoelectric material. In this paper, the operating principle of the piezoelectric sensor is defined in detail, and it is translated as a mathematical model (i.e., the modeling of this type of sensors). This developed model relates the accelerometer electrical parameters with their mechanical parameters, and simulation of this model allows the appropriate sensor damping rate to be chosen which minimizes error and improves accuracy and sensitivity. The proposal of a new relation links the relative frequency with the piezoelectric sensor natural frequency that makes it possible to minimize the resonance phenomenon effect, to facilitate the suitable choice of the sensor and to protect it.
{"title":"Improvement of the Relative Sensitivity for Obtaining a High Performance Piezoelectric Sensor","authors":"Z. Ghemari, S. Belkhiri, S. Saad","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10146563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10146563","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of a piezoelectric sensor is to measure the vibratory movements of structures by the direct effect of the piezoelectric material. In this paper, the operating principle of the piezoelectric sensor is defined in detail, and it is translated as a mathematical model (i.e., the modeling of this type of sensors). This developed model relates the accelerometer electrical parameters with their mechanical parameters, and simulation of this model allows the appropriate sensor damping rate to be chosen which minimizes error and improves accuracy and sensitivity. The proposal of a new relation links the relative frequency with the piezoelectric sensor natural frequency that makes it possible to minimize the resonance phenomenon effect, to facilitate the suitable choice of the sensor and to protect it.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":"26 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43806464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10146561
A. Mingotti, C. Betti, L. Peretto, R. Tinarelli
Low-Power Instrument Transformers (LPITs) are becoming the preferred measurement device in the medium voltage (MV) distribution network (DN). They have several benefits compared to legacy solutions. However, the adoption of LPITs results in the need for adapting the grid and its assets to accept them. One practical example is using LPITs as the current and voltage source for energy meters (EMs), which are also used for billing purposes. The resulting measurement chain introduces several metrological challenges that must be studied and investigated. Therefore, in this work, the scenarios of LPITs and energy meters are introduced along with the latest relevant international standards. Afterwards, the opportunities and obstacles due to the implementation of the LPIT plus energy meter measurement chain are discussed. The discussion focuses on metrological requirements, accuracy evaluation, target uncertainty, and influence quantities affecting the performance of the devices.
{"title":"Low-Power Instrument Transformers and Energy Meters: Opportunities and Obstacles","authors":"A. Mingotti, C. Betti, L. Peretto, R. Tinarelli","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10146561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10146561","url":null,"abstract":"Low-Power Instrument Transformers (LPITs) are becoming the preferred measurement device in the medium voltage (MV) distribution network (DN). They have several benefits compared to legacy solutions. However, the adoption of LPITs results in the need for adapting the grid and its assets to accept them. One practical example is using LPITs as the current and voltage source for energy meters (EMs), which are also used for billing purposes. The resulting measurement chain introduces several metrological challenges that must be studied and investigated. Therefore, in this work, the scenarios of LPITs and energy meters are introduced along with the latest relevant international standards. Afterwards, the opportunities and obstacles due to the implementation of the LPIT plus energy meter measurement chain are discussed. The discussion focuses on metrological requirements, accuracy evaluation, target uncertainty, and influence quantities affecting the performance of the devices.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":"26 1","pages":"44-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47841264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1109/mim.2023.10146571
{"title":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/mim.2023.10146571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2023.10146571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135983371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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