Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1109/mim.2023.10034974
Luca Mari, Dario Petri
This paper is devoted to introducing measurement as a process aimed at producing knowledge by attributing values to properties of objects. Some subjects of the paper are: measurement as a bridge from the empirical world to the information world; the meaning of (and there-fore the information conveyed by) the key equation measurand = measured value; measurement scales and units; and the distinction between qualitative and quantitative properties.
{"title":"Fundamentals of Measurement: Measurement: Knowledge from Information about Empirical Properties","authors":"Luca Mari, Dario Petri","doi":"10.1109/mim.2023.10034974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2023.10034974","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is devoted to introducing measurement as a process aimed at producing knowledge by attributing values to properties of objects. Some subjects of the paper are: measurement as a bridge from the empirical world to the information world; the meaning of (and there-fore the information conveyed by) the key equation measurand = measured value; measurement scales and units; and the distinction between qualitative and quantitative properties.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136167780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10034972
Xianjian Zou, Huiming Zhai, Chunjuan Shi
The morphology, structure, and migration of granular pollutants in groundwater are significant in protecting water resources and geological disasters. However, it is difficult to monitor granular pollutants' migration and their parasitic environment under a complex groundwater environment. In this paper, a portable ultrasound diagnostic instrument (PUDI) is used to perform the experimental analysis and visual diagnosis of granular pollutants in groundwater environment and their water-soil-rock interfaces. A visual monitoring method is proposed for the real-time monitoring of the granular pollutants between the water-soil-rock interfaces. Results show that the real-time imaging diagnosis, monitoring, and visual analysis of granular pollutants in the groundwater and water-soil-rock interface can be realized by obtaining the ultrasonic images using the PUDI. The regional imaging size, migration path, and potential harm degree of granular pollutants can be obtained through continuous ultrasound imaging experiments and feedback parameters. The imaging accuracy of underwater particulate pollutants is 0.1 mm. The real-time monitor of granular pollutants and their migration can be realized in groundwater, even though the moving speed of granular pollutants is up to 0.1 m/s, and provides a new technical means for the prevention of granular pollution sources and some potential geological hazards.
{"title":"Application of Portable Ultrasound Diagnostic Instrument in Monitoring Granular Pollutants of Water-Soil-Rock Interfaces","authors":"Xianjian Zou, Huiming Zhai, Chunjuan Shi","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10034972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10034972","url":null,"abstract":"The morphology, structure, and migration of granular pollutants in groundwater are significant in protecting water resources and geological disasters. However, it is difficult to monitor granular pollutants' migration and their parasitic environment under a complex groundwater environment. In this paper, a portable ultrasound diagnostic instrument (PUDI) is used to perform the experimental analysis and visual diagnosis of granular pollutants in groundwater environment and their water-soil-rock interfaces. A visual monitoring method is proposed for the real-time monitoring of the granular pollutants between the water-soil-rock interfaces. Results show that the real-time imaging diagnosis, monitoring, and visual analysis of granular pollutants in the groundwater and water-soil-rock interface can be realized by obtaining the ultrasonic images using the PUDI. The regional imaging size, migration path, and potential harm degree of granular pollutants can be obtained through continuous ultrasound imaging experiments and feedback parameters. The imaging accuracy of underwater particulate pollutants is 0.1 mm. The real-time monitor of granular pollutants and their migration can be realized in groundwater, even though the moving speed of granular pollutants is up to 0.1 m/s, and provides a new technical means for the prevention of granular pollution sources and some potential geological hazards.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":"26 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44859684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10034956
C. Trigona
The advent of latest technologies, rising materials and solutions is enabling a brand-new wave of innovation. Going into more detail on electronic solutions, measuring architectures, transducers and sensors, a new environmental issue has emerged concerning the toxicity of such components throughout manufacturing and through use in peculiar applications [1], [2]. It should be noted that these electronic devices typically contain dangerous materials and noxious components, like batteries, which might be venturous for the local communities, and at the same time, have detrimental effects on nature [2]. In this framework, considering the era 4.0 with industry/agriculture 4.0, precision agriculture and smart solutions [3], [4], new ideas and paradigms in the context of sensors have overthrown “classical” devices, such as silicon-based elements, MEMS, semiconductors, and solid state chips. As a matter of fact, the semiconductor manufacturing process and the fabrication of integrated sensors represents an un-green step, far from being considered eco-friendly, considering that the CO2 emission and pollutants is quite significant during manufacturing [5], [6]. They present, at the same time, limited biodegradability and lack the ability to be absorbed by the environment. In the perspective to conceive more eco-friendly devices, several approaches, mainly based on new compounds, have been addressed in the literature [7].
{"title":"Living Sensors: The Greenest Paradigm in Instrumentation and Measurements","authors":"C. Trigona","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10034956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10034956","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of latest technologies, rising materials and solutions is enabling a brand-new wave of innovation. Going into more detail on electronic solutions, measuring architectures, transducers and sensors, a new environmental issue has emerged concerning the toxicity of such components throughout manufacturing and through use in peculiar applications [1], [2]. It should be noted that these electronic devices typically contain dangerous materials and noxious components, like batteries, which might be venturous for the local communities, and at the same time, have detrimental effects on nature [2]. In this framework, considering the era 4.0 with industry/agriculture 4.0, precision agriculture and smart solutions [3], [4], new ideas and paradigms in the context of sensors have overthrown “classical” devices, such as silicon-based elements, MEMS, semiconductors, and solid state chips. As a matter of fact, the semiconductor manufacturing process and the fabrication of integrated sensors represents an un-green step, far from being considered eco-friendly, considering that the CO2 emission and pollutants is quite significant during manufacturing [5], [6]. They present, at the same time, limited biodegradability and lack the ability to be absorbed by the environment. In the perspective to conceive more eco-friendly devices, several approaches, mainly based on new compounds, have been addressed in the literature [7].","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":"26 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44961256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary motivation of this paper is to present an accurate and universal method for the nonlinear system modeling. An Unconstrained Bezier Calibration Method (UBCM) is presented. By constraining the boundary freedom of the UBCM, it could become a constrained form called the Bezier Calibration Method (BCM), which is suitable for situations with an accurate boundary modeling requirement. A comparison study is performed to compare the presented method with the most widely utilized Polynomial Calibration Method (PCM) through several nonlinear behavior modeling examples, including sensor inherent nonlinearity calibration, sine wave, gauss nonlinearity and nonlinear broken line. A comparison study demonstrates that in the present verification examples the UBCM has better calibration performance than that of the BCM and PCM.
{"title":"Unconstrained Bezier Calibration Method for Nonlinear Measurement Calibration Applications: A Comparison Study","authors":"Hongliang Hua, Jingbo Zhao, Zhenqiang Liao, Yongjiang Chen","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10034970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10034970","url":null,"abstract":"The primary motivation of this paper is to present an accurate and universal method for the nonlinear system modeling. An Unconstrained Bezier Calibration Method (UBCM) is presented. By constraining the boundary freedom of the UBCM, it could become a constrained form called the Bezier Calibration Method (BCM), which is suitable for situations with an accurate boundary modeling requirement. A comparison study is performed to compare the presented method with the most widely utilized Polynomial Calibration Method (PCM) through several nonlinear behavior modeling examples, including sensor inherent nonlinearity calibration, sine wave, gauss nonlinearity and nonlinear broken line. A comparison study demonstrates that in the present verification examples the UBCM has better calibration performance than that of the BCM and PCM.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":"26 1","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48949460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2023.10034966
S. Rapuano
The knowledge about Instrumentation and Measurement (I&M) is crucial in the expertise of any Electrical and Electronics Engineer (EEE) and in the much wider Science, Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. “The I&M education is of interest to a number of stakeholders. Measurement standards provide the foundation for commerce. Equipment companies need fresh ideas in order to innovate and produce improved instrumentation products” [1]. The increasing adoption of digital electronics within industrial processes requires practitioners and researchers to possess measurement concepts and to know how instruments work and are operated. Industry 4.0, in particular, relies heavily on I&M to create and update digital twins of physical elements of the production process. As a consequence, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), mainly academic ones, must keep up the pace by developing new knowledge in I&M and transmitting it through undergraduate and graduate programs. However, identifying and satisfying the education needs in I&M field can be extremely complex, due to the characteristics of the subject.
{"title":"Education in I&M: Instrumentation and Measurement Education Around the World and the Instrumentation and Measurement Society Educational Offerings","authors":"S. Rapuano","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2023.10034966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2023.10034966","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge about Instrumentation and Measurement (I&M) is crucial in the expertise of any Electrical and Electronics Engineer (EEE) and in the much wider Science, Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. “The I&M education is of interest to a number of stakeholders. Measurement standards provide the foundation for commerce. Equipment companies need fresh ideas in order to innovate and produce improved instrumentation products” [1]. The increasing adoption of digital electronics within industrial processes requires practitioners and researchers to possess measurement concepts and to know how instruments work and are operated. Industry 4.0, in particular, relies heavily on I&M to create and update digital twins of physical elements of the production process. As a consequence, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), mainly academic ones, must keep up the pace by developing new knowledge in I&M and transmitting it through undergraduate and graduate programs. However, identifying and satisfying the education needs in I&M field can be extremely complex, due to the characteristics of the subject.","PeriodicalId":55025,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","volume":"26 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45361401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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