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GAC-MAC-PEG 2024 Brandon Meeting: Abstracts, Volume 47 GAC-MAC-PEG 2024 年布兰登会议:摘要,第 47 卷
IF 1.8 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2024.51.211
Paul Alexandre
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引用次数: 0
Geoscience Canada: Some Reflections on our Golden Anniversary 加拿大地球科学组织:金色周年的一些思考
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2024.51.206
Andrew Kerr
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引用次数: 0
Roger Webb Macqueen: 1935–2024 罗杰-韦伯-麦肯:1935-2024
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2024.51.209
Robert B. MacNaughton, Godfrey S. Nowlan
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引用次数: 0
Eugène Rodolphe Faribault: Nova Scotia Gold Icon 欧仁-罗多尔夫-法里博:新斯科舍省黄金偶像
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2024.51.208
David Mossman
Eugène Rodolphe Faribault proved to be a very good choice as a geologist for the Geological Survey of Canada, after his appointment on July 1, 1883. His career spanned fifty years, time mostly committed to mapping the southwestern half of Nova Scotia, concentrated on the slate and quartzite of the Meguma Supergroup in which gold mining was taking place. In his words, he was, “a specialist on geological maps and structural geology of gold mines in Nova Scotia”. Dozens of his meticulously prepared maps of over sixty gold districts have stood the test of time for accuracy. A popular figure in the field, Faribault made frequent trips to operating mines. He early recognized the existence, in some districts, of extensive bodies of low-grade ore. He emphasized too, the similarities between the ‘saddle reef’ deposits mined in the Bendigo fields of Australia and the auriferous veins of the Meguma formations. His ‘pay-zone’ theory held that near-surface mineable ore in Nova Scotia gold mines should continue at depth, provided the same structural conditions persisted. However, for various reasons his theory received a mixed reception.  Back in Ottawa at the GSC offices, Faribault was a highly respected figure among fellow workers and supervisors alike, and across all departments. His quiet charisma and friendly nature, complemented by professional expertise, won him accolades as an ambassador well beyond the workplace. For his excellence in a young developing science, Faribault thoroughly earned the epithet, “The Grand Old Man of Nova Scotian Geology”.
欧仁-鲁道夫-法里博(Eugène Rodolphe Faribault)于 1883 年 7 月 1 日被任命为加拿大地质调查局的地质学家,事实证明他是一个非常不错的选择。他的职业生涯长达五十年,大部分时间都在绘制新斯科舍省西南半部的地图,主要集中在开采金矿的 Meguma 超群的板岩和石英岩上。用他的话说,他是 "新斯科舍省金矿地质图和构造地质学方面的专家"。他精心绘制的六十多个金矿区的几十张地图的准确性经受住了时间的考验。法里博在该领域颇受欢迎,他经常前往正在开采的金矿。他很早就发现某些地区存在大量低品位矿体。他还强调了澳大利亚本迪戈矿区开采的 "鞍形礁 "矿床与Meguma地层的含金矿脉之间的相似性。他提出的 "付矿区 "理论认为,新斯科舍省金矿中的近地表可开采矿石应继续向深部延伸,前提是相同的构造条件持续存在。然而,由于种种原因,他的理论受到了褒贬不一的评价。 回到渥太华的金矿公司办公室后,法里博在同事和主管以及所有部门中都是一位备受尊敬的人物。他沉静的魅力和友善的性格,再加上专业的知识,为他赢得了工作场所以外的赞誉。由于他在一门年轻的发展中科学领域的卓越成就,法里博特彻底赢得了 "新斯科舍地质学老人 "的美誉。
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引用次数: 0
Paleoproterozoic Rocks of the Belcher Islands, Nunavut: A Review of Their Remarkable Geology and Relevance to Inuit-led Conservation Efforts 努纳武特贝尔彻群岛的古新生代岩石:贝尔彻群岛古生代岩石:回顾其卓越的地质学及其与因纽特人主导的保护工作的相关性
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2024.51.207
Brayden McDonald, C. Partin
The Paleoproterozoic Belcher Group (ca. 2.0 to 1.83 Ga) occurs on the remote Belcher Islands of Hudson Bay in Nunavut, Canada. It includes nearly nine kilometres of well-preserved siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks, deposited initially in a marginal to shallow marine setting representing one of the first true continental shelf environments on the proto-Canadian Shield. A wide variety of depositional facies exists within the Belcher Group, and it is particularly well known for its spectacular stromatolites in dolostone. In addition to these macroscopic features, two of its formations (Kasegalik and McLeary) contain intact microfossils of Eoentophysalis belcherensis, the oldest known occurrence of cyanobacteria in the geological record. The uppermost part of the Belcher Group contains sedimentary rocks of very different character that represent a younger foreland basin that developed in response to accretionary and collisional processes of the Trans-Hudson orogen. These younger formations (Omarolluk and Loaf) consist of a thick sequence of turbidites, overlain by arkose and other immature clastic sedimentary rocks. A defining characteristic of the Omarolluk Formation is the presence of calcareous concretions. The Omarolluk Formation shares attributes with “omars”, which are glacially transported clasts that occur both locally and further afield throughout parts of Canada and the northern United States and have helped characterize Pleistocene ice-flow trends across the continent.  The Belcher Group also includes two formations dominated by spectacular mafic volcanic rocks. The earlier episode, represented by the Eskimo Formation, reflects eruption of largely subaerial volcanic flows interpreted to represent flood basalt associated with the rifting of Archean basement during the establishment of the continental shelf. A later volcanic episode (the Flaherty Formation) is dominated by submarine pillowed basalt flows and has been assigned to varied tectonic settings, including volcanic arcs related to subduction and oceanic plateaus related to mantle plume activity and renewed rifting along the continental margin. This later volcanism marks the transition from shelf to foreland basin. Mafic sills and related intrusions (Haig intrusions) occur in the middle and lower part of the Belcher Group. Thermal and chemical interactions between mafic magma and calcareous shale generated unusual rocks that are well known in Nunavut as high-quality artisanal carving stone. The Belcher Group also contains Superior-type iron formations that have attracted past exploration interest.   The Belcher Group is a unique geological entity defined by its wide variety of rock types, its superb exposures, and its potential to illustrate many important geological processes in a formative time in Earth’s history. It is also a unique microfossil paleontological resource, and its deposition brackets a crucial and much-debated interval of Precambrian atmospheric and oceani
古新生代贝尔彻群(约 2.0 至 1.83 Ga)位于加拿大努纳武特地区哈德逊湾偏远的贝尔彻群岛。它包括近九公里长的保存完好的硅质碎屑岩和碳酸盐沉积岩,最初沉积于边缘到浅海环境中,代表了原加拿大地盾最早的真正大陆架环境之一。贝尔彻组存在多种沉积面,尤其以白云石中壮观的叠层石而闻名。除了这些宏观特征外,其中两个地层(Kasegalik 和 McLeary)还含有完整的 Eoentophysalis belcherensis 微化石,这是地质记录中已知最古老的蓝藻。贝尔彻组的最上部包含性质迥异的沉积岩,代表了一个较年轻的前陆盆地,该盆地是在跨哈德逊造山带的增生和碰撞过程中形成的。这些较年轻的地层(奥马鲁鲁克地层和 Loaf 地层)由厚厚的浊积岩组成,上面覆盖着水成岩和其他未成熟的碎屑沉积岩。奥马鲁鲁克地层的一个显著特点是存在钙质凝块。奥马鲁鲁克地层与 "omars "具有相同的特征,"omars "是冰川搬运的碎屑,出现在加拿大部分地区和美国北部更远的地方,有助于描述整个大陆的更新世冰流趋势。 贝尔彻组还包括两个以壮观的岩浆火山岩为主的地层。以爱斯基摩地层为代表的早期火山岩反映的主要是海下火山流的喷发,被解释为与大陆架形成过程中阿新世基底断裂有关的洪积玄武岩。后来的火山活动(弗拉赫蒂地层)以海底枕状玄武岩流为主,并被归入不同的构造环境,包括与俯冲有关的火山弧,以及与地幔羽流活动和大陆边缘新的断裂有关的大洋高原。后来的火山活动标志着大陆架向前陆盆地的过渡。在贝尔彻群的中下部出现了岩浆岩和相关的侵入体(海格侵入体)。黑云母岩浆和钙质页岩之间的热力和化学作用产生了不寻常的岩石,这些岩石在努纳武特地区作为优质的手工雕刻石材而闻名。贝尔彻群还包含过去曾引起勘探兴趣的上等铁矿层。 贝尔彻群是一个独特的地质实体,其岩石类型多种多样,出露程度极高,并有可能展示地球历史形成时期的许多重要地质过程。它也是独特的古生物微化石资源,其沉积括起了前寒武纪大气和海洋演化的一个关键和备受争议的时期。它是了解这些变化的重要科学资源。本综述文件重点介绍了其最重要的特征,讨论了其未来研究的潜力,并有助于更广泛地讨论其作为努纳武特地区保护区未来可能发挥的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing Sedimentology 沉积学介绍
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2024.51.210
David G. Lowe
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引用次数: 0
Canadian Geoscience Diplomacy in Collaboration with IUGS, UNESCO IGCP Geoparks, and World Heritage Geosites: Past, Present, and Future 加拿大与国际地质科学联合会、联合国教科文组织国际地质对比计划地质公园和世界遗产地质公园合作开展的地球科学外交活动:过去、现在和未来
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2023.50.204
Nikole Bingham-Koslowski, Katherine J.E. Boggs, Özlem Adiyaman Lopes, Daniel Lebel, Stephen Johnston, Guy Narbonne
To commemorate the 60th anniversary of IUGS and the 50th anniversary of IGCP, the 2022 symposium entitled “IUGS, Geoparks, and IGCP – Retrospection, today and the future” was coordinated at the GAC-MAC-IAH-CNC-CSPG 2022 Conference in Halifax (16–18 May) with the companion Cliffs of Fundy UNESCO Geopark field trip (19–21 May). Canadian leadership within IUGS and IGCP includes J.M. Harrison as the first president of IUGS in 1961, Antony Berger’s work publishing “Episodes”, which is the IUGS’ quarterly international scientific journal, and Canadian leadership on multiple IGCP projects summarized here. Two panel discussions examined the future of geosciences, UNESCO Geoparks and World Geoheritage Sites in Canada. The need for improved communications with politicians, policymakers, and the general public through education and outreach was emphasized in these panel discussions. UNESCO Geoparks (such as the Cliffs of Fundy), UNESCO World Heritage Geosites and significant museum displays represent vehicles for improving communications with the general public about geosciences and potentially inspiring future geoscientists. This report provides a summary of the symposium and explores some of the many themes that it addressed.
为纪念国际地质科学联合会(IUGS)成立 60 周年和国际地质对比计划(IGCP)成立 50 周年,在哈利法克斯举行的 GAC-MAC-IAH-CNC-CSPG 2022 年会议(5 月 16-18 日)上协调举办了题为 "国际地质科学联合会、地质公园和国际地质对比计划--回顾、今天和未来 "的 2022 年专题讨论会,同时还进行了芬迪悬崖教科文组织地质公园实地考察(5 月 19-21 日)。加拿大在国际地质科学联合会(IUGS)和国际地球科学计划(IGCP)中发挥的领导作用包括:J.M. Harrison 于 1961 年担任国际地质科学联合会(IUGS)首任主席;Antony Berger 出版国际地质科学联合会(IUGS)国际科学季刊《集萃》;以及加拿大在多个国际地球科学计划项目中发挥的领导作用。两场小组讨论探讨了加拿大地质科学、联合国教科文组织地质公园和世界地质遗产地的未来。这些小组讨论强调了通过教育和外联加强与政治家、政策制定者和公众沟通的必要性。联合国教科文组织地质公园(如芬迪悬崖)、联合国教科文组织世界地质遗产以及重要的博物馆展示,都是改善与公众就地球科学进行交流的工具,并有可能激励未来的地球科学家。本报告概述了研讨会的情况,并探讨了研讨会讨论的许多主题中的一些主题。
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引用次数: 0
Logan Medallist 8. Trace Elements in Iron Formation as a Window into Biogeochemical Evolution Accompanying the Oxygenation of Earth’s Atmosphere 洛根奖章获得者 8.铁形成过程中的微量元素是了解地球大气富氧过程中生物地球化学演变的窗口
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2023.50.201
K. Konhauser, A. Kappler, Stefan V. Lalonde, L. Robbins
Iron formations exemplify a type of sedimentary rock found in numerous Archean and Proterozoic supracrustal successions. They serve as a valuable chemical record of Precambrian seawater chemistry and post-depositional iron cycling. These formations accumulated on the seafloor for over two billion years during the early history of our planet, offering a unique opportunity to study environmental changes that occurred during Earth's evolution. Among these changes, one of the most significant events was the shift from an anoxic planet to one where oxygen (O2) became consistently present in both the marine water column and atmosphere. This progression towards global oxygenation was closely linked to the emergence of aerobic microbial metabolisms, which profoundly impacted continental weathering processes, nutrient supply to the oceans, and ultimately, the diversification of the biosphere and complex life forms. In this review, we synthesize two decades of research into the temporal fluctuations of trace element concentrations in iron formations. Our aim is to shed light on the complex mechanisms that contributed to the oxygenation of Earth's surface environments.
铁质地层是沉积岩的一种典型类型,存在于众多的始新世和新生代超地壳岩层中。它们是前寒武纪海水化学和沉积后铁循环的宝贵化学记录。在我们星球的早期历史中,这些地层在海底积累了 20 多亿年,为研究地球演化过程中发生的环境变化提供了一个独特的机会。在这些变化中,最重要的事件之一就是从一个缺氧的星球转变为一个氧气(O2)持续存在于海洋水柱和大气中的星球。全球含氧量的增加与好氧微生物代谢的出现密切相关,它对大陆风化过程、海洋养分供应以及生物圈和复杂生命形式的多样化产生了深远影响。在这篇综述中,我们总结了二十年来对铁地层中微量元素浓度时间波动的研究。我们的目的是阐明地球表面环境含氧的复杂机制。
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引用次数: 0
The Implications of Ontario’s Historical Oil and Gas Drilling and Abandonment Practices for Abandoning Orphan and Legacy Wells 安大略历史上的油气钻探和废弃做法对废弃孤井和遗留井的影响
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2023.50.203
Dru J. Heagle, Robert Sealey
Oil and gas exploration in Ontario began in the mid-1800s, leading to the first oil well drilled in 1858 and the first commercial gas well drilled in 1889. These early discoveries kicked off a boom of exploration and development drilling activity, but well records were not mandatory until 1919 after the introduction of the Natural Gas Act R.S.O.1918, c. 12. The Ontario Bureau of Mines estimated 10,000 operating oil wells in the province at the turn of the 20th century, but there are only records for approximately 1,500 wells. By 1970 there were an estimated 50,000 wells drilled in the province though there are only records for 27,000 wells, indicating there may be tens of thousands of unrecorded or lost wells in southwestern Ontario. Wells that are not properly plugged are a conduit for fluid movement, including brine, natural gas, oil, and hydrogen sulphide, to move from the subsurface to the surface. Historical well abandoning regulations required wells to be plugged with inferior materials including wood, clay, and rubble. Cement was not the standard plugging material until 1964. There are orphaned and legacy wells leaking natural gas and sulphur water (groundwater containing dissolved sulphate and hydrogen sulphide) creating a risk to public safety. Orphaned and legacy wells are also a risk for subsurface energy projects including geological storage of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and compressed air energy, because the wells may provide a pathway for injected fluids to return to the surface. This study reviews well construction, legislation, and abandonment practices in Ontario beginning in 1858 and identifies five factors impacting the plugging and abandonment of orphaned and legacy wells.Further work is required to locate unreported or lost wells and to develop new techniques to permanently plug wells to limit gas leakage, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve public and environmental safety.
安大略省的石油和天然气勘探始于 19 世纪中期,并于 1858 年钻出第一口油井,1889 年钻出第一口商业天然气井。这些早期发现掀起了勘探和开发钻井活动的热潮,但直到 1919 年《天然气法》(R.S.O.1918, c.12)出台后,钻井记录才成为强制性规定。据安大略省矿业局估计,20 世纪初全省共有 10,000 口油井在作业,但只有大约 1,500 口油井有记录。到 1970 年,该省估计有 50,000 口油井,但只有 27,000 口油井有记录,这表明安大略省西南部可能有数万口油井没有记录或丢失。未适当堵塞的水井是盐水、天然气、石油和硫化氢等流体从地下流向地表的通道。历史上的弃井规定要求使用木头、粘土和碎石等劣质材料堵塞水井。直到 1964 年,水泥才成为标准的堵塞材料。无主井和遗留井泄漏天然气和硫磺水(含有溶解硫酸盐和硫化氢的地下水),对公共安全造成威胁。对于包括二氧化碳、氢气和压缩空气能源地质封存在内的地下能源项目来说,无主井和遗留井也是一个风险,因为这些井可能为注入的流体提供返回地面的途径。本研究回顾了安大略省从 1858 年开始的油井建设、立法和废弃实践,并确定了影响无主油井和遗留油井堵塞和废弃的五个因素。需要进一步开展工作,找到未报告或丢失的油井,并开发永久性堵塞油井的新技术,以限制天然气泄漏、减少温室气体排放并改善公共和环境安全。
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引用次数: 0
Brandon 2024: GAC–MAC–PEG Joint Annual Meeting Field Trips 布兰登 2024:GAC-MAC-PEG 联席年会实地考察
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2023.50.205
Chris Coueslan
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引用次数: 0
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